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Uzbeks (Chinese:乌孜别克族;pinyin:Wūzībiékèzú;Uzbek:O‘zbeklar) are one of the56 officially recognized ethnic groups inChina.^[2] The total population of China'sUzbeks in 2021 was 12,742,^[1] scattered inYining,Tacheng,Ürümqi, andYarkant inXinjiang. Most of them live in urban areas and a few in rural areas. TheDanangou Uzbek Township is the only Uzbek township inChangji Hui Autonomous Prefecture,Xinjiang, China. The Uzbeks in southern Xinjiang speakUyghur because they have lived amongst theUyghurs for a long time, and the Uzbeks in the pastoral areas of northern Xinjiang speakKazakh.^[3]

The history of Uzbeks in China dates back to the time of the Golden Horde, which existed in Central Asia and parts of China from the 13th to the 15th centuries. Many Uzbeks in China are descendants of merchants who traveled along the Silk Road, while others arrived in the 1750s following historical events^[specify] in the region.^[4]

Uzbeks are one of the 56 officially recognized ethnic groups in China, with a population of approximately 10,000, making up less than 0.001% of the total population. They primarily reside in Xinjiang, particularly in cities such as Yining, Tacheng, Ürümqi, Yarkant, Yecheng, and Kashgar. Traditionally, Uzbeks in China have been urban dwellers, engaging in commerce and business. In the 1990s, less than 30% were farmers or herders; most were factory workers, technicians, and traders. Their literacy levels were among the highest in Xinjiang.

In 1953, more than 13,600 Uzbeks were recorded in China. By the 1964 census, this number had changed to around 7,700.^[5]

• Elihan Tore – President of the Second East Turkestan Republic
• Anwar Hanbaba – Chinese educator and politician

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