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Uvular lateral ejective affricate

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Consonantal sound
Uvular lateral ejective affricate
q𝼄̠ʼ
qʟ̝̊ʼ

Auvular lateral ejective affricate is a rare type ofconsonantal sound, usedallophonically in somespokenlanguages.

Features

[edit]

Features of a uvular lateral ejective affricate:

  • Itsmanner of articulation isaffricate, which means it is produced by first stopping the airflow entirely, then allowing air flow through a constricted channel at the place of articulation, causing turbulence.
  • Itsplace of articulation isuvular, which means it is articulated with the back of thetongue (the dorsum) at theuvula.
  • Itsphonation is un-voiced, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords.
  • It is anoral consonant, which means that air is not allowed to escape through the nose.
  • It is alateral consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream over the sides of the tongue, rather than down the middle.
  • Theairstream mechanism isejective (glottalic egressive), which means the air is forced out by pumping theglottis upward.

Occurrence

[edit]
LanguageWordIPAMeaningNotes
ǂʼAmkoe[ǂq𝼄̠ʼāú]'dark'Occurs in apparently free variation with theuvular ejective affricate[qχʼ], both as a single consonant and as the release ofcontour clicks and other obstruents, which in some analyses are considered consonant clusters.[1]
Gǀui[q᫈ʟ̝̊ʼáà]'drink'Occurs as a single consonant. This lateral affricate is more front than the central affricate release of the consonants/tqχ’/,/tsqχ’/ and analogous clicks, but it behaves as a uvular in that it cannot precede a non-back vowel.[2]

References

[edit]
  1. ^Linda Gerlach (2016: 86, 104)Nǃaqriaxe. Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden
  2. ^Hirosi Nakagawa (2006: 123)Aspects of the phonetic and phonological structure of the Gǀui language. University of the Witwatersrand.
IPA topics
IPA
Special topics
Encodings
Pulmonic consonants
PlaceLabialCoronalDorsalLaryngeal
MannerBi­labialLabio­dentalLinguo­labialDentalAlveolarPost­alveolarRetro­flexPalatalVelarUvularPharyn­geal/epi­glottalGlottal
Nasalmɱ̊ɱn̪̊nn̠̊ɳ̊ɳɲ̊ɲŋ̊ŋɴ̥ɴ
Plosivepbtdʈɖcɟkɡqɢʡʔ
Sibilantaffricatet̪s̪d̪z̪tsdzt̠ʃd̠ʒ
Non-sibilant affricatep̪fb̪vt̪θd̪ðtɹ̝̊dɹ̝t̠ɹ̠̊˔d̠ɹ̠˔ɟʝkxɡɣɢʁʡʜʡʢʔh
Sibilantfricativeszʃʒʂʐɕʑ
Non-sibilant fricativeɸβfvθ̼ð̼θðθ̠ð̠ɹ̠̊˔ɹ̠˔ɻ̊˔ɻ˔çʝxɣχʁħʕhɦ
Approximantβ̞ʋð̞ɹɹ̠ɻjɰ˷
Tap/flapⱱ̟ɾ̼ɾ̥ɾɽ̊ɽɢ̆ʡ̮
Trillʙ̥ʙrɽ̊r̥ɽrʀ̥ʀʜʢ
Lateral affricatetꞎd𝼅c𝼆ɟʎ̝k𝼄ɡʟ̝
Lateral fricativeɬ̪ɬɮ𝼅𝼆ʎ̝𝼄ʟ̝
Lateral approximantlɭ̊ɭʎ̥ʎʟ̥ʟʟ̠
Lateral tap/flapɺ̥ɺ𝼈̊𝼈ʎ̮ʟ̆

Symbols to the right in a cell arevoiced, to the left arevoiceless.Shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible.

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