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Ustroń | |
|---|---|
 Town Hall | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
  Ustroń | |
| Coordinates:49°43′10″N18°48′43″E / 49.71944°N 18.81194°E /49.71944; 18.81194 | |
| Country |  Poland |
| Voivodeship |  Silesian |
| County | Cieszyn |
| Gmina | Ustroń(urban gmina) |
| First mentioned | 1305 |
| City rights | 1956 |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Paweł Sztefek |
| Area | |
• Total | 58.92 km2 (22.75 sq mi) |
| Population (2019-06-30[1]) | |
• Total | 16,073 |
| • Density | 272.8/km2 (706.5/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 43-450 |
| Car plates | SCI |
| Website | http://www.ustron.pl |
Ustroń[ˈustrɔɲ] ⓘ (German:Ustron) is ahealth resort town inCieszyn Silesia, southernPoland.[2] Since 1999, it has been part of theSilesian Voivodeship, having previously been inBielsko-Biała Voivodeship from 1975 to 1998. It lies on theSilesian Beskids mountain range. TheRównica andCzantoria mountains are nearby.
The settlement was first mentioned in a Latin document ofDiocese of Wrocław calledLiber fundationis episcopatus Vratislaviensis from around 1305 asitem in Ustrona.[3][4][5] It meant that the village was in the process of location (the size of land to pay atithe from was not yet precise). The creation of the village was a part of a larger settlement campaign taking place in the late 13th century in the area that would later be known asUpper Silesia.
Politically, the village belonged initially to theDuchy of Teschen, formed in 1290 in the process offeudal fragmentation of Poland, and was ruled by a local branch ofPiast dynasty. In 1327, the duchy became afee ofKingdom of Bohemia, which, after 1526, became part of theHabsburg monarchy.
The village became a seat of a Catholicparish, mentioned in the register ofPeter's Pence payment from 1447 among the 50 parishes of Teschendeanery asWstrowe.[6]
In 1772, the Klemens Steel Works was opened and the village was gradually industrialised. When the steel work was closed in 1897 the market town switched to be more orientated towards a health and spa resort.
After theRevolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire, a modernmunicipal division was introduced in the re-establishedAustrian Silesia. Ustroń as a municipality was subscribed to thepolitical district ofBielsko and thelegal district ofSkoczów. In 1856, it gainedmarket town rights. According to the 1880–1910 censuses, the population of the municipality dropped from 4,375 in 1880 to 4,275 in 1910, with a majority being native Polish-speakers (91.5–92.8%), a growing minority speakingGerman,[a] and dwindlingCzech-speaking population.[b] In terms of religion, in 1910, the majority wereProtestants (57.1%), followed byRoman Catholics (40.4%) andJews (2.5%).[7][8] Ustroń was also traditionally inhabited byCieszyn Vlachs, speakingCieszyn Silesian dialect.
AfterWorld War I, the fall ofAustria-Hungary, thePolish–Czechoslovak War and the division ofCieszyn Silesia in 1920, it became a part ofPoland. It was thenannexed byNazi Germany at the beginning ofWorld War II. After the war it was restored toPoland.
It gained city rights in 1956. Since the 1960s, Ustroń saw a large development of new hotels and health centers. A cluster ofpyramid-shaped hotels were built in the town. It was also expanded by merger of the surrounding villages:Nierodzim in 1974,Hermanice andLipowiec in 1975.
Ustroń is the home of the Jan Jarocki Museum, which was founded in April 1986 as the Museum of Metallurgy. It is housed in an old building of the former Klemens Steel Works, which was in use between 1772 and 1897.[9] The museum collects technical tools, as well as historical and ethnographic artifacts.
Ustroń and the areas surrounding it play host to many hiking trails, including either the start (if one travels eastward) or finish (if one travels westward) of theMain Beskid Trail.[10]
Frenštát pod Radhoštěm, Czech Republic
Hajdúnánás, HungaryKalety, PolandLuhačovice, Czech Republic
Neukirchen-Vluyn, Germany
Piešťany, SlovakiaÚjbuda (Budapest), HungaryUstronie Morskie, Poland
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