| White-bellied wren | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Troglodytidae |
| Genus: | Uropsila P.L. Sclater &Salvin, 1873 |
| Species: | U. leucogastra |
| Binomial name | |
| Uropsila leucogastra (Gould, 1837) | |
 | |
Thewhite-bellied wren (Uropsila leucogastra) is a species ofbird in the familyTroglodytidae. It is found inBelize,Guatemala,Honduras, andMexico.[2]
The white-bellied wren is the only member of genusUropsila, but its taxonomy at the subspecies level is uncertain. TheInternational Ornithological Committee (IOC) names five subspecies, the nominateUropsila leucogastra leucogastra,U. l. pacifica,U. l. centralis,U. l. restricta, andU. l. brachyura.[2] TheHandbook of Birds of the World addsU. l. musica.[3] TheCornell Lab of Ornithology'sBirds of the World mentionsmusica in its text but does not list it; it does list two others in addition to the above five,U. l. grisescens andU. l. australis. Cornell qualifies their additions by noting thataustralis "may be separable" and thatgrisescens is "doubtfully valid" because it was based on soot-discolored specimens.[4]
The white-bellied wren is 9.5 to 10 cm (3.7 to 3.9 in) long. Males weigh 9.8 to 10.5 g (0.35 to 0.37 oz) and females 8 to 9.1 g (0.28 to 0.32 oz). The nominate subspecies has a medium brown crown, upperparts, and tail; the rump is slightly reddish and the tail has many thin dark bars. It has a gray-whitesupercilium, a medium brown stripe behind the eye, and gray cheeks mottled with brown. Its throat, chest, and upper belly are gray and the flanks and vent area buff. The other subspecies differ somewhat in the intensity of the brown of the upperparts and the bars on the tail.[4]
The white-bellied wren has two widely separated populations.U. l. pacifica is found in western Mexico from southernNayarit south intoGuerrero. The other subspecies are found from southernTamaulipas in northeastern Mexico south into theYucatan Peninsula, Belize, and northern Guatemala, and (slightly separately) in northern Honduras.[4]
The white-bellied wren inhabits a range of woodland types from the semi-arid forest of western Mexico to the humid rainforest of the Yucatan Peninsula. In northeastern Mexico it frequents thickets of wild pineapple (Bromelia pinguin). In elevation it ranges from sea level to 500 m (1,600 ft).[4]
The white-bellied wren forages for insects and spiders in vegetation "from ground level to a considerable height". In the southern part of its range it joins mixed-species flocks followingarmy ant swarms.[4]
The white-bellied wren's breeding season extends from at least late March to June. Its nest is shaped like a chemical retort, an oval ball with a downward pointing funnel entrance. It is woven from fine grass and "decorated" with lichens, moss, and other materials. It is usually placed in a spiny location such as aBromelia thicket or anAcacia tree. The clutch size is usually four eggs. Both sexes apparently incubate the eggs and both do feed the young.[4]
| Songs and calls |
The white-bellied wren's song is "a short series of 6 rapid up-and-down notes, descending at end", rather bubbly in the eastern population but not the western. Its calls include a "low 'chek', scolding chatter, and hard dry cracking rattle."[4]
The IUCN has assessed the white-bellied wren as being of Least Concern.[1] It is reasonable common in much of its range, tolerates some habitat disturbance, and is found in several protected areas.[4]
