| BM-27 Uragan (9P140) БМ-27 Ураган (9П140) | |
|---|---|
  BM-27 Uragan BM-27M Uragan-1M | |
| Type | Multiple rocket launcher |
| Place of origin | Soviet Union |
| Service history | |
| In service | 1975–present |
| Used by | SeeOperators |
| Wars | Soviet–Afghan War War in Abkhazia (1992–1993)[1] First Chechen War[1] Second Chechen War[1] Russo-Georgian War[1] War in Donbas[1] Iran-Israel proxy conflict[2] Syrian Civil War[1] Second Nagorno-Karabakh War Russian invasion of Ukraine[3] |
| Production history | |
| Designer | Splav State Research and Production Enterprise |
| Designed | 1970s |
| Manufacturer | Splav State Research and Production Enterprise |
| Produced | 1975–present |
| Variants | SeeVariants |
| Specifications | |
| Mass | 20 tonnes (44,092 lbs) |
| Crew | 6 |
| Calibre | 220 mm (8.66 in) |
| Barrels | 16 |
| Effective firing range | 35 km (22 mi) |
| Maximum firing range | >70km |
| Sights | PG-1 panoramic telescope |
| Engine | Two engines, with separate gearboxes and drive shafts, that are longitudinally mounted, one on each side of vehicle immediately behind cab |
| Suspension | 8×8 wheeled |
Operational range | 500 km (311 mi) |
TheBM-27 Uragan (Russian:БМ-27 Ураган,lit. 'Hurricane';GRAU index9P140) is aself-propelled 220 mmmultiple rocket launcher designed in theSoviet Union to delivercluster munitions. The system began its service with theSoviet Army in the late 1970s, and was its first spin and fin stabilized heavy multiple rocket launcher.
An updated version known asUragan-1M was commissioned in 2008. The truck vehicle has no similarities.[4]
The BM-27 Uragan is capable of launching 220 mmrockets from 16 launch tubes mounted on the rear of aZIL-135 8×8 chassis.[5] This vehicle is extremely similar to that used in theFROG-7 free flight rocket system. It has two gasoline engines that power its 20 tonnes to a maximum speed of 65 kilometers per hour. One engine drives the four wheels on the left of the truck, while the other engine drives the four wheels on the right. The ZIL-135 has eight wheel drive, but only the front and rear axles are used for steering. It has a maximum cruising range of 500 kilometers.
The cab of the ZIL-135 isNBC protected, allowing the rockets to be fired without exposing the crew to possible contaminants.[6][7] The six-man crew[5] can emplace or displace the system in three minutes.
Before firing, stabilizing jacks must be lowered and the blast shield raised to protect the cab and its occupants. Indirect fire aiming is achieved with the use of aPG-1 panoramic telescope. Although there are nonight vision sights, the driver of the launch vehicle is equipped with anight vision device.
The BM-27 can use HE-FRAG,chemical, explosive or scatterablemine (PTM-3 orPFM-1)submunition equipped rockets, all of which are detonated by electric timing fuses. (However, chemical munitions have been officially off service in Russia since 2017.) Each rocket weighs 280.4 kilograms. The warheads weigh between 90 and 100 kilograms, depending on type. A full salvo of 16 rockets can be fired in 20 seconds and can engage targets within a range of 35 kilometers.
Because of the size of the warhead, the range of the rocket and the speed that a salvo can be delivered, the BM-27 is very effective at mine laying. Each 220 mm rocket can scatter 312 anti-personnelPFM-1 mines.Minefields can be laid behind a retreating enemy or even be used to trap an enemy by encircling them with mines. Tactics such as this were often used by the Soviets in Afghanistan.
Once the rockets have been fired,9T452 (another ZIL-135 based vehicle) is used to assist in reloading. It carries additional rockets and a crane to transfer the rockets from the reload vehicle to the launcher.[5] The entire reloading procedure takes around 20 minutes.
 |  |  |
| [8][9] | 9M27F | 9M27K1 | 9M27K2 | 9M27K3 | 9M59 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diameter | 220 mm | ||||
| Length | 4.832 m (15.85 ft) | 5.178 m (16.99 ft) | 5.2 m (17 ft) | 5.178 m (16.99 ft) | |
| Weight | 280 kg (620 lb) | 270 kg (600 lb) | |||
| Warhead | 100 kg (220 lb) unitary HE-Frag (51.7 kg (114 lb) of HE) | 90 kg (200 lb) container for 30 9N210 anti-materialbomblets | 89.5 kg (197 lb) container for 24 PGMDM/PTM-1 anti-tank mines | 90 kg container for 312 PFM-1 anti-personnel mines | 89.5 kg container for 9 PTM-3 directional charge bottom attack anti-tank mines |
| Range | 10–35 km (6.2–21.7 mi) | 8–34 km (5.0–21.1 mi) | 10–35 km | ||
Also 9M27S incendiary rockets.
Angola – 3-4 BM-27M Uragan-M in service as of 2024.[19][20]
Belarus – 36 in service as of 2024.[19]
Eritrea – 9 in service as of 2024.[19][20]
Guinea – 3 in service as of 2024.[19][20]
Kyrgyzstan – 6 in service as of 2024.[19]
Moldova – 11 in service as of 2024.[19]
Russia – 218 BM-27 Uragan and 6 BM-27M Uragan-M in service with a further 550 Uragan in storage as of 2024.[19]
Syria – An unknown number in service as of 2024.[19] Serviceability is uncertain. 36 received from Russia in 1987-88.[20]
Turkmenistan – 60 in service as of 2024.[19]
Ukraine – 35 BM-27 Uragan and Bureviy in service as of 2024.[19]
Uzbekistan – 48 in service as of 2024.[19]
Afghanistan[1] – 180 (not functional)[citation needed]
Georgia – Saw limited usage duringAbkhazia War, out of service.[citation needed]
Kazakhstan – 180 were in storage in 2016.[21] No longer in service.[19]
Soviet Union: Passed on to successor states.
Tajikistan –[19][1]
Tanzania –[19][1]
Yemen[1] – Over 50. Saw intensive action in the ongoing civil war.[citation needed] Does not appear to be in service as of 2024.[19] 7 received from Moldova in 1994.[20]