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Upper Mississippi River National Wildlife and Fish Refuge

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Coordinates:42°53′00″N91°06′00″W / 42.88333°N 91.10000°W /42.88333; -91.10000

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

National wildlife refuge in Minnesota, United States

Upper Mississippi River National Wildlife and Fish Refuge
IUCN category IV (habitat/species management area)
Looking west over the Mississippi River from an overlook within the Upper Mississippi River National Wildlife and Fish Refuge
Location in theUnited States
Location	Illinois,Iowa,Minnesota,Wisconsin,United States
Nearest city	Dubuque, Iowa
Coordinates	42°53′00″N91°06′00″W / 42.88333°N 91.10000°W /42.88333; -91.10000
Area	240,000 acres (970 km²)
Established	1924
Governing body	U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Website	Upper Mississippi River National Wildlife and Fish Refuge

Ramsar Wetland
Official name	Upper Mississippi River Floodplain Wetlands
Designated	1 May 2010
Reference no.	1901^[1]

TheUpper Mississippi River National Wildlife and Fish Refuge is a 240,000-acre (970 km²),^[2] 261-mile-long (420 km)National Wildlife Refuge located in and along theUpper Mississippi River. It runs fromWabasha, Minnesota, in the north toRock Island, Illinois, in the south.

(United States Fish and Wildlife Service)

In its northern portion, it is in theDriftless Area, a region of North America that remained free from ice during the lastice age. Certain parcels contained within the refuge were later transferred to theDriftless Area National Wildlife Refuge.

The refuge is an important element of theMississippi Flyway.^[3] It has many wooded islands,sloughs, andhardwood forests. The wildlife found here include thecanvasback duck,tundra swan,white-tailed deer, andmuskrat. Recreational activities include boating, hunting, fishing, and swimming.^[4]

Refuge Headquarters are located inWinona, Minnesota, with district offices located inLa Crosse, Wisconsin,Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin, andThomson, Illinois.

Geography

[edit]

The refuge is one of only two that spans portions of four states (the other isSilvio O. Conte National Fish and Wildlife Refuge). As of 30 September 2007 the area per state was:Wisconsin: 89,637.54 acres (362.75 km²),Iowa: 51,147.78 acres (206.99 km²), Minnesota: 33,868.64 acres (137.06 km²), Illinois: 33,489.57 acres (135.53 km²).^[5]

The area is only separated from theTrempealeau National Wildlife Refuge by a railroad line. The protected areasWhite Dam Wildlife Area,Thorpe Wildlife Management Area,Goose Island County Park,Dorer State Forest,Perrot State Park,Van Loon Wildlife Area,Great River Bluffs State Park,Pool Slough Wildlife Management Area,Blackhawk Point Wildlife Management Area,Fish Farm Mounds Wildlife Management Area,Lansing Wildlife Management Area,Rush Creek Natural Area,Effigy Mounds National Monument andDriftless Area National Wildlife Refuge also border the Refuge directly or only from roads.

The followingcounties border on or have land within the Upper Mississippi River National Wildlife and Fish Refuge. In each state, the counties are listed from north to south. The lakes and rivers within the refuge area of each county are also listed.

Minnesota

[edit]

Wabasha County
- Cross Lake
- Half Moon Lake
- Maloney Lake
- McCarthy Lake
- Peterson Lake
- Robinson Lake
- Zumbro River
Winona County
Houston County
- Blue Lake
- Hayshore Lake
- Lawrence Lake
- Root River
- Target Lake

Cardinal-Hickory Creek high-voltage transmission line

[edit]

An editorial inThe Washington Post on April 6, 2024, discusses the challenges faced by clean energy projects caused by environmental activists in lawsuits. An example is the Cardinal-Hickory Creek high-voltage transmission line between Iowa and Wisconsin. It would connect over 160 renewable energy facilities producing 25 gigawatts of green power. It is facing a temporary halt due to a lawsuit by environmental groups condemning its impact on the Upper Mississippi River National Wildlife and Fish Refuge. The editorial argues this is just one example of the conflicts between environmental protection and the need for new infrastructure to support the clean energy transition.^[6]

References

[edit]

^"Upper Mississippi River Floodplain Wetlands".Ramsar Sites Information Service. RetrievedApril 25, 2018.
^Upper Mississippi River National Wildlife & Fish Refuge, Retrieved July 15, 2007
^Richmond, Todd (March 22, 2024)."Federal judge temporarily blocks plans for a power line in Mississippi River wildlife refuge".ABC News. RetrievedMarch 23, 2024.
^Heim, Madeline (June 9, 2024)."For a century, this upper Mississippi River refuge has been an ecological oasis. What comes next?".Star Tribune. RetrievedJune 15, 2024.
^U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service."National Wildlife Refuge System".
^The Editorial Board, "Opinion Environmentalism could stop the clean-energy transition"The Washington Post April 6, 2024;online

This article incorporatespublic domain material from websites or documents of theUnited States Fish and Wildlife Service.

External links

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related toUpper Mississippi River National Wildlife and Fish Refuge.

Protected areas of Illinois

Federal

National Forests	Shawnee
National Grasslands	Midewin National Tallgrass Prairie
National Historic Sites and Historical Parks	Chicago Portage Lincoln Home New Philadelphia Pullman
National Monuments	Emmett Till and Mamie Till-Mobley Springfield 1908 Race Riot
National Trails	Lewis and Clark Mormon Pioneer Trail of Tears
National Wild and Scenic Rivers	Middle Fork Vermilion River
National Wildlife Refuges	Chautauqua Crab Orchard Cypress Creek Driftless Area Emiquon Great River Hackmatack Kankakee Mark Twain Meredosia Middle Mississippi River Port Louisa Two Rivers Upper Mississippi River
Other	National Historic Landmarks National Natural Landmarks National Register of Historic Places Wilderness Areas

State

State Parks	Apple River Argyle Lake Beall Woods Beaver Dam Buffalo Rock Castle Rock Cave-in-Rock Chain O'Lakes Channahon Delabar Dixon Springs Donnelley/Depue Ferne Clyffe Fort Massac Fox Ridge Gebhard Woods Giant City Hennepin Canal Parkway Horseshoe Lake Illini Illinois Beach James "Pate" Philip Jubilee College Kankakee River Lake Murphysboro Lincoln Trail Lowden Matthiessen Mississippi Palisades Moraine Hills Morrison-Rockwood Nauvoo Pere Marquette Red Hills Rock Cut Rock Island Trail Shabbona Lake Siloam Springs South Shore Starved Rock Walnut Point Weinberg-King White Pines Forest Wildlife Prairie William G. Stratton Wolf Creek
State Historic Sites	List of Illinois State Historic Sites (including,Cahokia World Heritage Site)
State Forests	Big River Hidden Springs Lowden-Miller Sand Ridge Trail of Tears
State Recreation Areas	Clinton Lake Eagle Creek Eldon Hazlet Frank Holten Golconda Marina Johnson-Sauk Trail Kickapoo Lake Le-Aqua-Na Moraine View North Point Marina Prophetstown Pyramid Ramsey Lake Randolph County Sangchris Lake Stephen A. Forbes Washington County Wayne Fitzgerrell Weldon Springs William W. Powers
State Fish and Wildlife Areas	Anderson Lake Baldwin Lake Banner Marsh Carlyle Lake Coffeen Lake Crawford County Des Plaines Double T Edward R. Madigan Green River Hamilton County Heidecke Lake Horseshoe Lake (Alexander County) Iroquois County Kaskaskia River Kinkaid Lake Kishwaukee River LaSalle Lake Mackinaw River Marshall Mautino Mazonia/Braidwood Mermet Lake Middle Fork Mississippi River Newton Lake Jim Edgar Panther Creek Peabody River Pekin Lake Powerton Lake Ray Norbut Rend Lake Rice Lake Sahara Woods Saline County Sam Dale Lake Sam Parr Sanganois Shelbyville Silver Springs Snakeden Hollow Spring Lake Ten Mile Creek Turkey Bluffs Union County Woodford
State Natural Areas	Cache River Franklin Creek Fults Hill Prairie Goose Lake Prairie Harry "Babe" Woodyard Illinois Caverns Kidd Lake Piney Creek Ravine Prairie Ridge Revis Hill Prairie Sand Prairie-Scrub Oak Sielbeck Forest Spitler Woods Volo Bog
State Trails	Mormon Trail Trail of Tears Tunnel Hill

Local

County Districts	Local forest and conservation districts

Category
Chicago
East St. Louis
Illinois Department of Natural Resources
Commons

Protected areas ofIowa

Federal

National Historic Sites	Herbert Hoover
National Monuments	Effigy Mounds
National Trails	Lewis and Clark Mormon Pioneer
National Wildlife Refuges	DeSoto Driftless Area Neal Smith Northern Tallgrass Prairie Port Louisa Union Slough Upper Mississippi River
Other	National Historic Landmarks National Natural Landmarks National Register of Historic Places

State

State Parks	Ambrose A. Call Backbone Badger Creek Banner Lakes at Summerset Beeds Lake Bellevue Big Creek Black Hawk Brushy Creek Cedar Rock Clear Lake Dolliver Memorial Elk Rock Elinor Bedell Emerson Bay Fairport Fort Defiance Geode George Wyth Memorial Green Valley Gull Point Honey Creek Lacey-Keosauqua Lake Ahquabi Lake Anita Lake Darling Lake Keomah Lake Macbride Lake Manawa Lake of Three Fires Lake Wapello Ledges Lewis and Clark Lower Gar Maquoketa Caves Marble Beach McIntosh Woods Mines of Spain & E.B. Lyons Mini-Wakan Nine Eagles Okamanpedan Palisades-Kepler Pikes Peak Pikes Point Pilot Knob Pillsbury Point Pine Lake Pleasant Creek Prairie Rose Preparation Canyon Red Haw Rice Lake Rock Creek Springbrook Stone Templar Trapper's Bay Twin Lakes Union Grove Viking Lake Volga River Walnut Woods Wapsipinicon Waubonsie Wildcat Den Wilson Island
State Forests	Backbone Barkley Gifford Holst Loess Hills Pilot Mound Shimek Stephens White Pine Hollow Yellow River
State Preserves	A.F. Miller Ames High Prairie Anderson Prairie Behrens Pond and Woodlands Berry Woods Bird Hill Bixby Bluffton Fir Stand Brush Creek Canyon Brushy Creek Cameron Woods Casey's Paha Catfish Creek Cayler Prairie Cedar Bluffs Cedar Hills Sand Prairie Cheever Lake Clay Prairie Claybanks Forest Cold Water Spring Crossman Prairie Decorah Ice Cave Dinesen Prairie Doolittle Prairie Fallen Rock Fish Farm Mounds Five Ridge Prairie Fleming Woods Fort Atkinson Freda Haffner Kettlehole Gitchie Manitou Hanging Bog Hardin City Woodland Hartley Fort Hayden Prairie Hoffman Prairie Indian Bluffs Primitive Area Indian Fish Trap Iowa's State Preserves System Kalsow Kish-Ke-Kosh Prairie Lamson Woods Liska-Stanek Prairie Little Maquoketa Malanaphy Springs Malchow Mounds Manikowski Prairie Mann Wilderness Area Marietta Sand Prairie Mericle Woods Merrill A. Stainbrook Merritt Forest Montauk Mossy Glen Mount Pisgah Cemetery Mount Talbot Nestor Stiles Prairie Ocheyedan Mound Old State Quarry Palisades-Downs Pecan Grove Pellett Woods Pilot Grove Pilot Knob Retz Woods Roberts Creek Rock Creek Island Rock Island Roggman Boreal Slopes Rolling Thunder Prairie Saint James Lutheran Church Savage Woods Searryl's Cave Sheeder Prairie Silver Lake Fen Silvers-Smith Woods Slinde Mounds Starr's Cave Steele Prairie Stinson Prairie Strasser Woods Sylvan Runkel Toolesboro Mounds Turin Loess Hills Turkey River Mounds White Pine Hollow Williams Prairie Wittrock Indian Village Woodland Mounds Woodman Hollow Woodthrush

County

State Parks (Leased)	Bobwhite Cold Springs Crystal Lake Eagle Lake Echo Valley Frank A. Gotch Heery Woods Lake Cornelia Lake Icaria Kearny Margo Frankel Mill Creek Oak Grove Oakland Mills Pammel Sharon Bluffs Spring Lake Swan Lake Three Mile Lake

Iowa Department of Natural Resources

Protected areas ofMinnesota

National

National Forests	Chippewa Superior
National Monuments	Grand Portage Pipestone
National Parks	Voyageurs
National Recreation Areas	Mississippi
National Trails	North Country Trail
National Wild and Scenic Rivers	Saint Croix
National Wildlife Refuges	Agassiz Big Stone Crane Meadows Glacial Ridge Hamden Slough Mille Lacs Minnesota Valley Northern Tallgrass Prairie Rice Lake Rydell Sherburne Tamarac Upper Mississippi River
Other	National Historic Landmarks National Natural Landmarks National Register of Historic Places Wilderness Areas

State

Parks	Afton Banning Bear Head Lake Beaver Creek Valley Big Stone Lake Blue Mounds Buffalo River Camden Carley Cascade River Charles A. Lindbergh Crow Wing Father Hennepin Flandrau Forestville Mystery Cave Fort Ridgely Fort Snelling Franz Jevne Frontenac George H. Crosby Manitou Glacial Lakes Glendalough Gooseberry Falls Grand Portage Great River Bluffs Hayes Lake Hill-Annex Mine Interstate Itasca Jay Cooke John A. Latsch Judge C. R. Magney Kilen Woods Lac qui Parle Lake Bemidji Lake Bronson Lake Carlos Lake Louise Lake Maria Lake Shetek Lake Vermilion-Soudan Underground Mine Maplewood McCarthy Beach Mille Lacs Kathio Minneopa Monson Lake Moose Lake Myre-Big Island Nerstrand-Big Woods Old Mill Rice Lake Saint Croix Sakatah Lake Savanna Portage Scenic Schoolcraft Sibley Split Rock Creek Split Rock Lighthouse Temperance River Tettegouche Upper Sioux Agency Whitewater Wild River William O'Brien Zippel Bay
Recreation Areas	Big Bog Cuyuna Country Garden Island Greenleaf Lake Iron Range Off-Highway Vehicle La Salle Lake Minnesota Valley Red River Saint Croix Islands
Waysides	Caribou Falls Devils Track Falls Flood Bay Inspiration Peak Joseph R. Brown Kodonce River Ray Berglund St. Croix Boom Site Sam Brown Memorial
Forests	Badoura Battleground Bear Island Beltrami Island Big Fork Birch Lakes Blackduck Bowstring Buena Vista Burntside Centennial Chengwatana Cloquet Valley Crow Wing D.A.R. Emily Finland Fond du Lac Foot Hills General C. C. Andrews George Washington Golden Anniversary Grand Portage Hill River Huntersville Insula Lake Jeanette Kabetogama Koochiching Lake Isabella Lake of the Woods Land o'Lakes Lost River Lyons Mississippi Headwaters Nemadji Northwest Angle Pat Bayle Paul Bunyan Pillsbury Pine Island Red Lake Remer Richard J. Dorer Memorial Hardwood Rum River Saint Croix Sand Dunes Savanna Smokey Bear Smoky Hills Snake River Solana Sturgeon River Two Inlets Waukenabo Wealthwood Welsh Lake White Earth Whiteface River
Scientific and Natural Areas	List of scientific and natural areas

Local

Parks	County and regional parks Three Rivers Park District

Other

Minnesota Historical Society	Alexander Ramsey House Birch Coulee Battlefield Charles A. Lindbergh House Comstock House Folsom House Forest History Center Forestville Fort Renville Fort Ridgely Fort Snelling Grand Mound Harkin's General Store James J. Hill House Jeffers Petroglyphs Lac qui Parle Mission Lower Sioux Agency Marine Mill Mill City Museum Mille Lacs Indian Museum Minnehaha Depot Minnesota History Center Minnesota State Capitol Morrison Mounds Oliver Kelley Farm Sibley Historic Site Snake River Trading Post Split Rock Lighthouse Stumne Mounds Traverse des Sioux Upper Sioux Agency W. W. Mayo House
Nature centers	List of nature centers
Hiking	List of hiking trails

Minnesota Department of Natural Resources

Protected areas ofWisconsin

Federal

National Estuarine Research Reserves	Lake Superior
National Forests	Chequamegon–Nicolet
National Lakeshores	Apostle Islands
National Marine Sanctuaries	Wisconsin Shipwreck Coast
National Trails	Ice Age North Country
National Wildlife Refuges	Driftless Area Fox River Gravel Island Green Bay Hackmatack Horicon Marsh Necedah Trempealeau Upper Mississippi River Whittlesey Creek
National Wild and Scenic Rivers	St. Croix River Wolf River
Other	National Historic Landmarks National Natural Landmarks National Register of Historic Places Wilderness Areas

State

State Parks	Amnicon Falls Aztalan Belmont Mound Big Bay Big Foot Beach Blue Mound Brunet Island Buckhorn Capital Springs Copper Culture Copper Falls Council Grounds Devil's Lake Governor Dodge Governor Nelson Governor Thompson Grand Traverse Island Harrington Beach Hartman Creek Heritage Hill High Cliff Interstate Kinnickinnic Kohler-Andrae Lake Kegonsa Lake Wissota Lakeshore Lizard Mound Menominee River Merrick Mill Bluff Mirror Lake Natural Bridge Nelson Dewey New Glarus Woods Newport Pattison Peninsula Perrot Potawatomi Rib Mountain Roche-a-Cri Rock Island Rocky Arbor Straight Lake Tower Hill Whitefish Dunes Wildcat Mountain Willow River Wyalusing Yellowstone Lake
State Natural Areas	Ableman's Gorge Abraham's Woods Ancient Aztalan Village Avoca River-Bottom Prairie Avon Bottoms Beaver Brook Belmont Mound Big Manitou Falls Black Earth Rettenmund Prairie Black Tern Bog Blomberg Lake Brady's Bluff Prairie Brule Glacial Spillway Canoe Landing Prairie Cherney Maribel Caves Chippewa Moraine Lakes Chiwaukee Prairie Coffee Swamp Copper Falls Crex Sand Prairie Cylon Dells of the Eau Claire River Dells of the Wisconsin River Detroit Harbor Devil's Lake Oak Forest Dewey Marsh Dorothy Lake Dunnville Barrens Durst Rockshelter Flambeau River Hardwood Forest Fourmile Island Rookery French Creek Fen French Creek North Gibraltar Rock Grandma Lake Honey Creek Kangaroo Lake Little Lake Little Wolf River Mazomanie Bottoms Mazomanie Oak Barrens Mill Bluff Mink River Moquah Barrens Natural Bridge and Rockshelter Parfrey's Glen Pewit's Nest Pleasant Valley Conservancy Point Beach Ridges Red Cedar Lake Rice Creek The Ridges Sanctuary Rush River Delta Sister Islands Spread Eagle Barrens Spruce Lake Bog Swan Lake Sedge Meadow and Barrens Swan Lake Tamaracks Swan Lake Wet-mesic Prairie Swenson Wet Prairie Trempealeau Mountain Twin Lakes Bog Two Creeks Buried Forest Wilson Lake Wind Pudding
State Recreation Areas	Cadiz Springs Chippewa Moraine Fischer Creek Hoffman Hills Menominee River Richard Bong
State Forests	Black River Brule River Coulee Experimental Flambeau River Governor Knowles Havenwoods Kettle Moraine - Lapham Peak Unit Kettle Moraine - Loew Lake Unit Kettle Moraine - Northern & Southern Units Kettle Moraine - Pike Lake Unit Northern Highland-American Legion Peshtigo River Point Beach
State Historical Sites	Black Point Estate Circus World Museum First Capitol H. H. Bennett Studio Madeline Island Museum Old World Wisconsin Pendarvis Reed School Stonefield Villa Louis Wade House
State Wildlife Areas	Ackley Albany Allenton Amberg Amsterdam Sloughs Augusta Avon Bottoms Balsam Branch Beaver Brook Big Beaver Creek Buena Vista Crex Meadows Cylon Dewey Marsh Fish Lake French Creek Gardner Swamp Horicon Marsh Killsnake Leola Marsh Mead Paradise Marsh Powell Marsh Theresa Marsh Vernon

Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources

v t e National Wildlife Refuges of the United States
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National Wildlife Refuges of the United States

v t e Ramsar sites in the United States
Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge Bad River Slough Bitter Lake National Wildlife Refuge Bolinas Lagoon Cache River National Wildlife Refuge Caddo Lake Cape May National Wildlife Refuge Catahoula Lake Chesapeake Bay Cheyenne Bottoms Congaree National Park Connecticut River Corkscrew Swamp Sanctuary Cypress Creek National Wildlife Refuge Delaware Bay Dixon Waterfowl Refuge Elkhorn Slough Emiquon National Wildlife Refuge Everglades National Park Edwin B. Forsythe National Wildlife Refuge Francis Beidler Forest Grasslands Wildlife Management Area Heron Pond – Little Black Slough Nature Preserve Horicon Marsh Humbug Marsh Izembek National Wildlife Refuge Kakagon Sloughs Kawainui Marsh Laguna de Santa Rosa Missisquoi National Wildlife Refuge Niagara River Corridor Okefenokee National Wildlife Refuge Olentangy River Wetland Research Park Palmyra Atoll Pelican Island National Wildlife Refuge Quivira National Wildlife Refuge San Francisco Bay Sand Lake National Wildlife Refuge Tijuana River National Estuarine Research Reserve Tomales Bay Upper Mississippi River National Wildlife and Fish Refuge White River National Wildlife Refuge

Ramsar sites in the United States