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List of countries in the Eurovision Song Contest

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected fromUnsuccessful attempts to participate in the Eurovision Song Contest)

Map of countries in Europe, North Africa and Western Asia in grey, with the boundaries of the European Broadcasting Area superimposed in red
The European Broadcasting Area (EBA), shown in red
Participation since 1956:
  Entered at least once
  Never entered, although eligible to do so
  Entry intended, but later withdrew
  Competed as a part of another country, but never as asovereign country

Broadcasters from fifty-two countries have participated in theEurovision Song Contest since it started in 1956, with winning songs coming from twenty-seven of those countries. The contest, organised by theEuropean Broadcasting Union (EBU), is held annually between members of the union who participate representing their countries. Broadcasters submit songs to the event where they are performed live by the performer(s) they had selected and cast votes to determine the winning song of the competition.

Participation in the contest is primarily open to all broadcasters with active EBU membership, with only one entrant per country allowed in any given year. To become an active member of the EBU, a broadcaster has to be from a country which is covered by theEuropean Broadcasting Area—which is not limited only to the continent of Europe—or is a member state of theCouncil of Europe.[1] Thus, eligibility is not determined by geographic inclusion within Europe, despite the "Euro" in "Eurovision", nor does it have a direct connection with the European Union. Several countries geographically outside the boundaries of Europe have been represented in the contest: Israel, Cyprus, and Armenia, in Western Asia, since1973,1981, and2006 respectively; Morocco, in North Africa, in the1980 competition alone; and Australia making a debut in the2015 contest. In addition, severaltranscontinental countries with only part of their territory in Europe have been represented: Turkey, from1975 to2012; Russia, from1994 to2021; Georgia, since2007; and Azerbaijan, since2008. Two countries that have previously sought to enter the competition, Lebanon and Tunisia, in Western Asia and North Africa respectively, are also outside of Europe. Australia, where the contest has been broadcast since the 1970s, has been represented every year since its debut in 2015, as its broadcaster is an EBU associate member and had received special approval from the contest's Reference Group.

The number of countries represented each year has grown steadily, from seven in 1956 to over twenty in the late 1980s. A record forty-three countries participated in 2008, 2011, and 2018. As the number of contestants has risen, preliminary competitions and relegation have been introduced, to ensure that as many countries as possible get the chance to compete. In 1993, a preliminary show,Kvalifikacija za Millstreet ("Qualification for Millstreet"), was held to select three Eastern European countries to compete for the first time in the main contest.[2] After the 1993 contest, a relegation rule was introduced: the six lowest-placed countries in the contest would not compete in the following year.[3] In 1996, a new system was introduced. Audiotapes of all twenty-nine entrants were submitted to national juries. The twenty-two highest-placed songs after the juries voted reached the contest. Norway, as the host country, directly qualified for the final.[4] From 1997 to 2001, a system was used whereby the countries with the lowest average scores over the previous five years were relegated.[5]

The relegation system used in 1994 and 1995 was used again between 2001 and 2003. Since 1999, the winning country in the previous year's contest automatically qualifies for the following year's final, along with the "Big Four/Five" — those countries whose broadcasters are the largest financial contributors to the EBU.[a] In 2004, a semi-final was introduced. In addition to the Big Four, the countries that were in the top 10 the previous year received abye and qualified directly for the final. A further ten countries qualified from the semi-final, making a total of 24 in the final.[6] Since 2008, two semi-finals are held with all countries, except the previous year's winner and the "Big Four/Five", participating in one of the semi-finals.[7]

Some countries, such as Germany, France, Belgium, and the United Kingdom, have entered most years, while Morocco has only entered once. Two countries, Tunisia and Lebanon, have attempted to enter the contest but withdrew before making a debut.

Participants

[edit]

Statistics by country

[edit]
Each country's number of Eurovision wins as of 2025[update]

The following table lists the countries with a broadcaster that have participated in the contest at least once, up to 2025. Planned entries for the cancelled2020 contest and entries that failed to qualify in the qualification rounds in1993 or1996 are not counted.

Shading indicates countries whose broadcaster have withdrawn from the contest or former participants that are unable to compete in future contests.Yugoslavia andSerbia and Montenegro were both dissolved, in 1991 and 2006 respectively. Serbia and Montenegro participated in the 1992 contest as theFederal Republic of Yugoslavia, which consisted of only those two republics. Montenegro and Serbia have each competed as separate countries since 2007.[8] The Belarusian broadcasterBTRC was expelled from the EBU in July 2021, preventing them from competing in future editions of the contest, or any EBU event indefinitely.[9] Following theRussian invasion of Ukraine and subsequent exclusion of Russia from the 2022 contest, the Russian broadcastersVGTRK andChannel One announced their intention to withdraw their EBU membership in February 2022 and were suspended from the union in May, preventing Russia from competing in future editions of the contest, or any EBU event for an indefinite period of time.[10] Two countries have made failed attempts to participate in the contest, but in both cases withdrew their planned appearances at a late stage: Tunisia in1977; andLebanon in2005.[11] A planned entry from Liechtenstein in1976 was prevented, due to a lack of an EBU member broadcaster from the country with which to compete.[12][13]

Table key
†Inactive – countries which participated in the past but did not appear in the most recent contest, or will not appear in the upcoming contest
◇Ineligible – countries whose broadcasters are no longer part of the EBU and are therefore ineligible to participate
‡Former – countries which previously participated but no longer exist
Statistics (As of 2025[update])
CountryBroadcaster(s)[14]Debut yearLatest entryEntriesFinalsQualifying[b]Latest finalBest placementWins
AmountRatePosLatest[c]
 AlbaniaRTSH20042025211211/2055%20255th20120
 Andorra †RTVA20042009600/60%N/A12th (SF)20070
 ArmeniaAMPTV20062025171413/1681%20254th20140
 AustraliaSBS201520251076/967%20232nd20160
 AustriaORF1957202557508/1553%20251st20253
 AzerbaijanİTV20082025171312/1675%20221st20111
 Belarus ◇BTRC200420191666/1638%20196th20070
 Belgium[d]RTBF[f] /VRT[g]1956202566548/2040%20231st19861
 Bosnia and Herzegovina †BHRT[h]1993201619187/888%20123rd20060
 BulgariaBNT200520221455/1436%20212nd20170
 CroatiaHRT1993202530208/1844%20242nd20240
 CyprusCyBC19812025413311/1958%20242nd20180
 Czechia[i]ČT200720251355/1338%20236th20180
 DenmarkDR19572025534511/1958%20251st20133
 EstoniaERR[j]19942025301911/2152%20251st20011
 FinlandYle19612025585012/2060%20251st20061
 FranceFrance Télévisions[k]195620256666Permanent finalist[l]20251st19775
 GeorgiaGPB200720251788/1747%20249th20110
 GermanyARD (NDR)[m]195620256767Permanent finalist[l]20251st20102
 GreeceERT[n]19742025454215/1883%20251st20051
 Hungary †MTVA[o]19942019171410/1377%20184th19940
 IcelandRÚV19862025372811/2055%20252nd20090
 IrelandRTÉ[p]1965202558467/1937%20241st19967
 IsraelIPBC[q]19732025474012/1963%20251st20184
 ItalyRAI195620254949Permanent finalist[l]20251st20213
 LatviaLSM[r]2000202525127/2035%20251st20021
 LithuaniaLRT19942025251813/2065%20256th20060
 LuxembourgRTL[s]1956202539392/2100%20251st19835
 MaltaPBS[t]1971202537279/1947%20252nd20050
 MoldovaTRM20052024191312/1867%20233rd20170
 Monaco †TMC[u]1959200624210/30%19791st19711
 MontenegroRTCG200720251322/1315%201513th20150
 Morocco †RTM[v]198011N/A198018th19800
 NetherlandsAVROTROS[w]195620256554[x]10/20[x]50%20251st20195
 North Macedonia[y] †MRT199820222196/1833%20197th20190
 NorwayNRK19602025636015/1883%20251st20093
 PolandTVP1994202527178/1844%20252nd19940
 PortugalRTP[z]1964202556479/1850%20251st20171
 RomaniaTVR19942023231911/1573%20223rd20100
 Russia ◇RTR /C1R[aa]19942021232211/1292%20211st20081
 San MarinoSMRTV200820251544/1527%202519th20190
 SerbiaRTS20072025171312/1675%20241st20071
 Serbia and Montenegro ‡UJRT20042005221/1100%20052nd20040
 Slovakia †RTVS[ab]19942012730/40%199818th19960
 SloveniaRTVSLO1993202530178/2138%20247th20010
 SpainRTVE[ac]196120256363Permanent finalist[l]20251st19692
 SwedenSVT[ad]19582025646314/1593%20251st20237
  SwitzerlandSRG SSR1956202564539/2045%20251st20243
 Turkey †TRT1975201234336/786%20121st20031
 UkraineSuspilne[ae]20032025202015/15100%20251st20223
 United KingdomBBC195720256666Permanent finalist[l]20251st19975
 Yugoslavia[af] ‡JRT196119922727N/A19921st19891

Participating countries by year

[edit]
Map of countries in Europe, North Africa and Western Asia, with Australia as an insert in the top-right corner, coloured to indicate the decade in which they first participated in the contest: 1950s in red, 1960s in orange, 1970s in yellow, 1980s in green; 1990s in sky blue; 2000s in blue; and 2010s in purple
Participants in the Eurovision Song Contest, coloured by decade of debut

Seven countries participated in the first contest. Since then, the number of entries has increased steadily. In 1961, three countries debuted, Finland, Spain, and Yugoslavia, joining the thirteen already included. Yugoslavia would become the only socialist country to participate in the following three decades. In 1970, a Nordic-led boycott of the contest reduced the number of countries entering to twelve.[17] By the late 1980s, over twenty countries had become standard.

In 1993, the collapse of theUSSR in Eastern Europe and the subsequent merger of EBU and theInternational Radio and Television Organisation (OIRT) gave numerous broadcasters from new countries the opportunity to compete. Three countries—Croatia, Slovenia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina, all of them formerYugoslav republics—went through apre-qualifier round to compete. After the 1993 event, a relegation system was introduced, allowing more Eastern European countries to compete, with seven more making their debut in 1994.

In 2003, broadcasters from four countries applied to make their debut: Albania, Belarus, Bulgaria, and Ukraine. In addition, Serbia and Montenegro, who had not competed since 1992 when they competed as Yugoslavia, applied to debut. The EBU, having originally accepted the five countries' applications, later rejected all but Ukraine; allowing five further countries to compete would have meant relegating too many countries.[18][19] The semi-final was introduced in 2004 in an attempt to prevent situations like this. The EBU set a limit of forty countries,[20] but by 2005, thirty-nine were competing. In 2007, the EBU lifted the limit, allowing forty-two countries to compete. Two semi-finals were held for the first time in 2008.[7]

Amount of countriesYear010203040501956196619761986199620062016Number of countries participatingNumber of qualified countries competing in the finalParticipants of the Eurovision Song Contest by year
Line graph showing the number of countries participating in each Eurovision Song Contest. Viewsource data.

Participating countries by decade

[edit]

The following table lists the participating countries in each year since the first Eurovision Song Contest was held in 1956, sorted by each decade:

Table key
#
DebutantThe country made its debut during the decade.
1
WinnerThe country won the contest.
2
Second placeThe country was ranked second.
3
Third placeThe country was ranked third.
X
Remaining placesThe country placed from fourth to second last in the final.
◁
Last placeThe country was ranked last in the final.
W/D
Withdrawn/disqualified before the contestThe country was to participate in the contest but either withdrew or got disqualified before the contest took place.
Ӿ
Disqualified during the contestThe country had already participated in at least one show but was disqualified before the completion of the contest.
†
Non-qualified for the finalThe country did not qualify for the final (2004–present).
‡
Non-qualified for the contestThe country did not qualify from the pre-qualifying round (1993, 1996).
?
UnknownThe country's placing in the contest is unknown (1956).
R
RelegatedThe country was relegated from the contest due to poor results in the previous years (1994–1995; 1997–2003).
C
CancelledThe contest was cancelled after the deadline for submitting songs had passed (2020).
U
UpcomingThe country has confirmed participation for the next contest, however, the contest has yet to take place.
No entryThe country did not enter the contest.
1956–1959
[edit]
Country1956[ag]195719581959
 Austria #◁XX
 Belgium #?XXX
 Denmark #3XX
 France #?213
 Germany #?XXX
 Italy #?X3X
 Luxembourg #?X◁
 Monaco #◁
 Netherlands #?1◁1
 Sweden #XX
  Switzerland #1X2X
 United Kingdom #X2
1960–1969
[edit]
Country1960196119621963196419651966196719681969
 AustriaX◁◁XXX1XX
 BelgiumX◁◁XX◁XXXX
 DenmarkXXX1XXX
 Finland #XX◁X◁XX◁X
 France1X1XX3X331
 GermanyXXXX◁◁XXXX
 Ireland #XX2XX
 ItalyXXX31X◁XXX
 Luxembourg◁13XX1XXXX
 Monaco3X2X3X◁XXX
 NetherlandsXX◁◁XXXX◁1
 Norway #XXX◁XX3XX◁
 Portugal #◁XXXXX
 Spain #X◁XX◁XX11
 SwedenXXX◁X2XXX
  SwitzerlandX3X2◁XX◁XX
 United Kingdom22XX22X121
 Yugoslavia #XXX◁XXXXX
1970–1979
[edit]
Country1970197119721973197419751976197719781979
 AustriaXXXXX◁
 BelgiumXXX◁XXXX2◁
 DenmarkXX
 FinlandXXXXXXXXX
 FranceXXXXWX2133
 Germany333X◁XXXXX
 Greece #XXXXX
 Ireland1XXXXXX3XX
 Israel #XXXXX11
 ItalyXXXX23XXXX
 Luxembourg◁X11XXXXXX
 Malta #◁◁WX
 MonacoX1XXXX3XXX
 NetherlandsXXXX31XXXX
 NorwayXXX◁X◁X◁X
 PortugalXXX◁XXXXX
 SpainX2X2XXXXX2
 SwedenXXX1X◁XX
  SwitzerlandXXXX◁XXXXX
 TunisiaW
 Turkey #◁XW
 United Kingdom2X23X212XX
 YugoslaviaXXXXXXX
1980–1989
[edit]
Country1980198119821983198419851986198719881989
 AustriaXXXX◁XXX◁X
 BelgiumXXXXX◁1XXX
 Cyprus #XXXXX◁XWX
 DenmarkXXXXXXXX33
 Finland◁X◁XXXXXXX
 FranceX3XXXXXXX
 Germany221XX2X2XX
 GreeceXXWXXWXXX
 Iceland #XXX◁
 Ireland1XX2XX1XX
 IsraelX22XXXXX
 ItalyXXXX3XX
 LuxembourgXXX1XX3XXX
 Morocco #X
 NetherlandsXXXXXXXXX
 NorwayX◁XXX1XXXX
 PortugalXXXXXXXXXX
 SpainXXX◁3XXXXX
 SwedenXXX313XXXX
  SwitzerlandXX3XXX2X1X
 TurkeyXXX◁XXX◁XX
 United Kingdom31XXXXXX22
 YugoslaviaXXXXXXX1
1990–1999
[edit]
Country1990199119921993199419951996199719981999
 AustriaX◁XXXXXXRX
 BelgiumXXX◁RXXRXX
 Bosnia and Herzegovina #XXXXXRX
 Croatia #XXXXXXX
 CyprusXXXXXXXXXX
 DenmarkXXXXRX‡XRX
 Estonia #‡XRXXXX
 Finland◁X◁XXR◁RXR
 France22XXXXXXXX
 GermanyXXXX3◁‡XX3
 GreeceXXXXXXXXXR
 Hungary #‡XX‡XX
 IcelandXXXXXXXXR2
 Ireland2X111X12XX
 IsraelX3XXRX‡1X
 Italy1XXXX
 LatviaW
 Lithuania #◁RRX
 LuxembourgXXXXRR
 Macedonia #‡RXR
 MaltaX3XXXXX3X
 NetherlandsXXXXRXXXX
 Norway◁XXXX12◁XX
 Poland #2XXXXX
 PortugalXXXXXXX◁XX
 Romania #‡XR‡RXR
 Russia #XX‡XR
 Slovakia #‡XRXRXR
 Slovenia #XRXXXXX
 SpainXXXXX2XXX◁
 SwedenX1XXX33XX1
  SwitzerlandXXX3XRXX◁R
 TurkeyXXXXRXX3XX
 United KingdomXX22XXX12X
YugoslaviaXXX
2000–2009
[edit]
Country2000200120022003200420052006200720082009
 Albania #XX††XX
 Andorra #††††††
 Armenia #XXXX
 AustriaXRXXX††
 Azerbaijan #X3
 Belarus #†††X††
 Belgium◁RX2X†††††
 Bosnia and HerzegovinaRXXXXX3XXX
 Bulgaria #††X††
 CroatiaXXXXXXX†XX
 CyprusXRXXXX††††
 Czech Republic #†††
 Denmark12◁R†XX†XX
 EstoniaX13X†††††X
 FinlandXRXR††1XX◁
 FranceXXXXXXXXXX
 Georgia #XXW
 GermanyXXXXX◁XXXX
 Greece3XX31XX3X
 HungaryXX††
 IcelandX◁RXX†††X2
 IrelandXXRXX†X◁††
 IsraelXXXX†XX†XX
 Latvia #3X1X†XXXX†
 LebanonW
 LithuaniaRXXR††XX†X
 MacedoniaXRXRXXXX††
 MaltaXX2XX2◁††X
 Moldova #XXX†X
 Monaco†††
 Montenegro #†††
 NetherlandsXXRXX†††††
 NorwayX◁RX◁XX†X1
 PolandRXRXX†††X†
 PortugalRXX††††XX
 RomaniaXRXXX3XXXX
 Russia2XX3XX231X
 San Marino #†
 Serbia #1X†
 Serbia and Montenegro #2XW[ah]
 Slovakia†
 SloveniaRXXX†††X††
 SpainXXXXXXXXXX
 SwedenXXXXXXXXXX
  SwitzerlandXRXR†XX†††
 TurkeyXXX1XXXXXX
 Ukraine #X1XX22X
 United KingdomXX3◁XXXX◁X
2010–2019
[edit]
Country2010201120122013201420152016201720182019
 AlbaniaX†X††X††XX
 ArmeniaX†WXXXXX††
 Australia #X2XXX
 AustriaX††1XXX3†
 AzerbaijanX1X2XXXX†X
 BelarusX††XX††X†X
 BelgiumX††X†XXX††
 Bosnia and HerzegovinaXXX†
 Bulgaria††††X2X
 Croatia††††XX††
 CyprusX†X†XXX2X
 Czech Republic†X†XX
 DenmarkXXX1X††XXX
 Estonia†XXX†X††XX
 Finland†X†XX†††X†
 FranceXXXX◁XXXXX
 GeorgiaXX†X†XX†††
 Germany1XXXX◁◁XXX
 GreeceXXXXXX†X†X
 HungaryXXXXXXXX†
 IcelandXXXXX††††X
 IrelandXXX◁††††X†
 IsraelX††††XXX1X
 Italy2XXX3XXX2
 Latvia†††††XX†††
 Lithuania†XXX†XX†X†
 Malta††XXX†X††X
 MoldovaXXXX†††3X†
 Montenegro††XX††††
 Netherlands†††X2†XXX1
 North Macedonia[y]††X††††††X
 NorwayX†◁XXX†XXX
 Poland††XXXX††
 PortugalX††††1◁†
 Romania3XXXXXDX††
 RussiaXX2XX23W†3
 San Marino†††X††††X
 SerbiaXX3†XX†XX
 Slovakia†††
 Slovenia†X††XX††XX
 SpainXXXXXXX◁XX
 Sweden†31X31XXXX
  Switzerland†◁††X††††X
 Turkey2†X
 UkraineXXX3X1XXW
 United Kingdom◁XXXXXXXX◁
2020–2025
[edit]
Country2020[ai]202120222023202420252026
 AlbaniaCX
†
X
†
XTBD
 ArmeniaCWXXXX
 AustraliaC
†
XX
†
†
 AustriaC
†
†
XX1
 AzerbaijanCXX
†
†
†
 BelarusCD
 BelgiumCXXX
†
†
 BulgariaCX
†
 CroatiaC
†
†
X2
†
 CyprusCX
†
XX
†
 Czechia[i]C
†
XX
†
†
 DenmarkC
†
†
†
†
X
 EstoniaC
†
XXX3
 FinlandCXX2XX
 FranceC2XXXX
 GeorgiaC
†
†
†
X
†
 GermanyCX◁◁XX
 GreeceCXX
†
XX
 IcelandCXX
†
†
X
 IrelandC
†
†
†
X
†
 IsraelCX
†
3X2
 ItalyC1XXXX
 LatviaC
†
†
†
XX
 LithuaniaCXXXXX
 LuxembourgXX
 MaltaCX
†
†
†
X
 MoldovaCXXX
†
W
 Montenegro
†
†
 NetherlandsCXX
†
Ӿ[aj]X
 North MacedoniaC
†
†
 NorwayCXXX◁X
 PolandC
†
XX
†
X
 PortugalCXXXXX
 RomaniaC
†
X
†
 RussiaCXD
 San MarinoCX
†
†
†
◁
 SerbiaCXXXX
†
 SloveniaC
†
†
XX
†
 SpainCX3XXX
 SwedenCXX1XX
  SwitzerlandC3XX1X
 UkraineCX1X3X
 United KingdomC◁2XXX

Other potential participants

[edit]

For any broadcaster wishing to take part in the Eurovision Song Contest, it must be an active member of the EBU. Associate members can be invited by the EBU in order to take part since 2015,[21] with only one associate broadcaster, Australia'sSBS, being invited into the competition to date.

Among the countries which have been discussed as potential new entrants are Canada,[22][23] China,[24] the Faroe Islands,[25] Kazakhstan,[26][27] Kosovo,[28] New Zealand,[29][30] and Qatar,[31] some of which are inelegible to parcitipate due to a lack of an active or associate member broadcaster of the EBU.

Current EBU members

[edit]
For more information on former active members who are no longer part of the EBU, seeEuropean Broadcasting Union § Past members.

As of2025, the following broadcasters[32] have never taken part in the contest, despite being eligible to compete as current members of the EBU:

Past attempts

[edit]

In1977, Tunisia's former broadcasterERTT was set to take part and perform in position 4 in the final, but later withdrew with no reason given.[33] In2005, Lebanese broadcasterTL was set to take part in the semi-final with the song "Quand tout s'enfuit" byAline Lahoud.[34][35] The country withdrew in March 2005[11][36] due to Lebanese law restricting Israeli content being aired on television, withIsrael also set to take part in the semi-final. Following a three-year ban from the contest incurred by the late withdrawal, TL has not made another attempt since.[37]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^Namely France, Germany, Spain, and the United Kingdom (the initial "Big Four"); with Italy joining them when it returned to the contest in 2011.
  2. ^Since2004; not counting the pre-qualifiation rounds of1993 and1996. Only counting qualifications from semi-finals, not automatic qualifications.
  3. ^Most recent year in which the country obtained this position.
  4. ^Flemish broadcaster andWalloon broadcaster alternate participation in the contest representing Belgium, with both broadcasters sharing the broadcasting rights.
  5. ^abNationaal Instituut voor de Radio-omroep (NIR) andInstitut national de radiodiffusion (INR) were the two official names of the singleNational Broadcasting Institute [fr;nl] (NIR/INR).
  6. ^Since 1978; previously represented byInstitut national de radiodiffusion (INR; 1956–1960),[e] andRadiodiffusion-télévision belge (RTB; 1961–1977).
  7. ^Since 1998; previously represented byNationaal Instituut voor de Radio-omroep (NIR; 1956–1960),[e]Belgische Radio- en Televisieomroep (BRT; 1961–1990), andBelgische Radio- en Televisieomroep Nederlandstalige Uitzendingen (BRTN; 1991–1997).
  8. ^Between 2005 and 2016; previously represented by Radio Television of Bosnia and Herzegovina (RTVBiH; 1993–2000) and the Public Broadcasting Service of Bosnia and Herzegovina (PBSBiH; 2001–2004).
  9. ^abParticipated asCzech Republic until 2022.
  10. ^Since 2008; previously represented byEesti Televisioon (ETV) between 1993 and 2007.
  11. ^Since 2001; previously represented byRadiodiffusion-Télévision Française (RTF; 1956–1964),Office de Radiodiffusion Télévision Française (ORTF; 1965–1974),Télévision Française 1 (TF1; 1975–1981),Antenne 2 (1983–1992), andFrance Télévision (1993–2000).
  12. ^abcdeMember of the "Big Five".
  13. ^Responsibility for organisingARD's entry rests with one of itsmember broadcasters, and has changed hands over the years.Norddeutscher Rundfunk (NDR) is currently representing Germany since 1996.[15] SeeGermany in the Eurovision Song Contest § Organisation for full history of German participating broadcasters.
  14. ^Represented by theNational Radio Television Foundation (EIRT) in 1974 and theNew Hellenic Radio, Internet and Television (NERIT) in 2014 and 2015.
  15. ^Between 2011 and 2019; previous represented byMagyar Televízió between 1993 and 2010
  16. ^Since 2010; previously represented byRadio Éireann (RÉ) in 1965 and 1966, andRadio Telefís Éireann (RTÉ) between 1967 and 2009.
  17. ^Since 2018; previously represented by theIsrael Broadcasting Authority (IBA) between 1973 and 2017.
  18. ^Since 2025; previously represented byLatvijas Televīzija (LTV) between 2000 and 2024.
  19. ^Since 2024; previously represented by theCompagnie Luxembourgeoise de Télédiffusion (CLT) between 1956 and 1993.
  20. ^Since 1991; previously represented by theMaltese Broadcasting Authority (MBA) between 1971 and 1975.
  21. ^Between 1959 and 2006.TVMonaco (TVM) is the current EBU member in the country since 2024, thus eligible to participate in the contest.
  22. ^Represented byRadiodiffusion-Télévision Marocaine (RTM) in 1980.Société Nationale de Radiodiffusion et de Télévision (SNRT) is the current EBU member in the country, thus eligible to participate in the contest.
  23. ^Since 2014; previously represented byNederlandse Televisie Stichting (NTS; 1956–1969),Nederlandse Omroep Stichting (NOS; 1970–2009), andTelevisie Radio Omroep Stichting (TROS; 2010–2013).
  24. ^abThe 2024 entry qualified for the final,[16] but was removed from the competition following a backstage incident during the semi-final. The Netherlands retained the right to vote in the final.
  25. ^abParticipated asF.Y.R. Macedonia until 2019.
  26. ^Since 2004; previously represented byRadiotelevisão Portuguesa (RTP; 1964–2003).
  27. ^RTR and C1R alternated responsibilities for the contest.
  28. ^In 2011 and 2012; previously represented bySlovenská televízia (STV) between 1994 and 2010.Slovenská televízia a rozhlas (STVR) is the current EBU member in the country since 2024, thus eligible to participate in the contest.
  29. ^Since 2007; previously represented byTelevisión Española (TVE) between 1961 and 2006.
  30. ^Since 1980; previously represented bySveriges Radio (SR) between 1958 and 1979.
  31. ^Since 2017; previously represented by the National Television Company of Ukraine (NTU) between 2003 and 2016.
  32. ^TheFederal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) competed as "Yugoslavia" in 1992.
  33. ^Each country was represented by two songs in the1956 contest; Switzerland's win in this contest was with one of their two songs.
  34. ^Serbia and Montenegro kept their voting rights after they withdrew.
  35. ^The 2020 contest was cancelled due to theCOVID-19 pandemic.
  36. ^The Netherlands kept their voting rights in the final after they were disqualified.
  37. ^Previously theLibyan Jamahiriya Broadcasting Corporation (LJBC) from 1982 until 2011.

References

[edit]
  1. ^"Admission".European Broadcasting Union.Archived from the original on 2017-04-13. Retrieved2017-04-12.
  2. ^"Eurovision Song Contest 1993 participants".ESCToday.com. Archived fromthe original on 2008-02-12. Retrieved2025-08-18.
  3. ^O'Connor 2005.
  4. ^"Eurovision Song Contest 1996 participants".ESCToday.com. Archived fromthe original on 2008-01-23. Retrieved2025-08-18.
  5. ^"Dublin 1997".Eurovision.tv.EBU. Retrieved2025-08-18.
  6. ^"Eurovision finalists are chosen".BBC News. 12 May 2004.Archived from the original on 2014-03-04. Retrieved2025-08-18.
  7. ^abBakker, Sietse (1 October 2007)."Two Semi-Finals Eurovision Song Contest in 2008".Eurovision.tv.European Broadcasting Union. Archived fromthe original on 2008-04-01. Retrieved2025-08-18.
  8. ^Traynor, Ian (14 May 2007)."From pariah state to kitsch victory: how a Balkan ballad showed Europe a new Serbia".The Guardian.Archived from the original on 2020-01-07. Retrieved2025-08-18.
  9. ^Farren, Niel (30 June 2024)."Belarus: BTRC Indefinitely Suspended From EBU".Eurovoix. Retrieved2024-04-24.
  10. ^"Європейська мовна спілка призупинила членство російських ЗМІ" [The European Broadcasting Union has suspended membership of the Russian media].UA:PBC (Press release) (in Ukrainian). Retrieved2022-05-27.
  11. ^ab"Lebanon withdraws from Eurovision".BBC News. 18 March 2005.Archived from the original on 2014-05-13. Retrieved2025-07-10.
  12. ^Stober, Marcel (29 August 2020)."Biggi Bachmann: Wie Liechtenstein fast am ESC teilnahm".Eurovision.de.ARD.Archived from the original on 2021-05-20. Retrieved2021-10-25.
  13. ^"TV-Grand Prix ohne Biggi Bachmann" [TV Grand Prix without Biggi Bachmann].Liechtensteiner Volksblatt (in German).Schaan, Liechtenstein. 31 January 1976. p. 6. Retrieved2024-09-29 – viaLiechtenstein State Library.
  14. ^"History by country".Eurovision.tv.European Broadcasting Union.Archived from the original on 2014-07-01. Retrieved2021-05-31.
  15. ^"Alle deutschen ESC-Acts und ihre Titel".Eurovision.de (in German).ARD.Archived from the original on 2023-06-12. Retrieved2023-06-12.
  16. ^"Second Semi-Final of Malmö 2024".Eurovision.tv.European Broadcasting Union. Retrieved2025-08-09.
  17. ^"Amsterdam 1970".Eurovision.tv.EBU. Retrieved2025-08-18.
  18. ^Bakker, Sietse (27 November 2002)."No new countries at next Eurovision Song Contest".ESCToday. Archived fromthe original on 2007-07-18. Retrieved2025-08-18.
  19. ^Bakker, Sietse (27 November 2002)."EBU released list of participant for 2003".ESCToday. Archived fromthe original on 2009-05-24. Retrieved2025-08-18.
  20. ^West-Soley, Richard (27 October 2006)."Georgia set on 2007".ESCToday. Archived fromthe original on 2007-07-18. Retrieved2025-08-18.
  21. ^"About the Eurovision Song Contest".Eurovision.tv.European Broadcasting Union. 16 August 2025. Retrieved2025-08-16.
  22. ^Friend, David (14 May 2025)."Eurovision 2025: 4 things for Canadians to know about this year's song contest".CBC. Retrieved2025-06-06.
  23. ^"Budget includes CBC funding boost, pitches getting Canada into Eurovision".CTV News. The Canadian Press. 4 November 2025. Retrieved2025-11-04.
  24. ^Muldoon, Padraig (3 June 2015)."Eurovision 2016: EBU denies Kosovo and China rumours".Wiwibloggs.Archived from the original on 2015-06-30. Retrieved2015-06-04.
  25. ^"Faroes set sights on Eurovision membership".Kringvarp Føroya. Retrieved2023-05-17.
  26. ^"Kazakhstan's Channel 31 claims: "We will participate in Eurovision 2019!"".ESCXTRA. 22 December 2017.Archived from the original on 2018-02-20. Retrieved2017-12-23.
  27. ^Ignatiuk, Szymon (8 July 2025)."EBU rozważy potencjalny debiut Kazachstanu na Eurowizji 2026!" [EBU to consider Kazakhstan's potential debut at Eurovision 2026!].ESCSpot (in Polish). Retrieved2025-07-08.
  28. ^Stephenson, James (13 June 2024)."Kosovo: RTK Requests Invitation to Eurovision 2025".Eurovoix. Retrieved2024-06-13.
  29. ^"No reason New Zealand can't be part of Eurovision, EU ambassador says".Radio New Zealand. 17 January 2023. Retrieved2025-07-10.
  30. ^Glover, Patrick (11 May 2023)."New Zealand launches campaign to join Eurovision Song Contest in 2024".The Northern Echo. Retrieved2025-07-10.
  31. ^Repo, Juha (12 May 2009)."Gulf nation wants to join Eurovision".ESCToday.Archived from the original on 2015-07-14. Retrieved2009-05-12.
  32. ^"Our Members".European Broadcasting Union. 16 August 2025. Retrieved2025-08-16.
  33. ^O'Connor 2007, p. 68.
  34. ^Bakker, Sietse (3 November 2004)."Aline Lahoud first Lebanese participant!".ESCToday. Archived fromthe original on 2008-11-06. Retrieved2008-08-09.
  35. ^X Tra (19 February 2005)."Aline Lahoud to sing Quand tout s'enfuit".ESCToday. Archived fromthe original on 2011-05-19. Retrieved2017-05-09.
  36. ^Bakker, Sietse (18 March 2005)."Breaking News: Lebanon Withdraws".ESCToday.Archived from the original on 2023-12-30. Retrieved2024-02-22.
  37. ^Kuipers, Michael (13 March 2007)."Mika interested in Eurovision entry".ESCToday.Archived from the original on 2023-05-16. Retrieved2024-02-22.

Works cited

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