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A number ofethnic groups of thePeople's Republic of China are not officially recognized.[1] Taken together, these groups (simplified Chinese:未识别民族;traditional Chinese:未識別民族;pinyin:wèi shíbié mínzú) would constitute the twentieth most populous ethnic group of China. Some scholars have estimated that there are over 200 distinct ethnic groups that inhabit China,[1] compared to 56 groups that are officially recognized. There are in addition small distinct ethnic groups that have been classified as part of largerethnic groups that are officially recognized. Some groups, like theHui ofXinjiang with the Hui ofFujian, are geographically and culturally separate, except for the shared belief of Islam.Han Chinese, being the world's largest ethnic group, has a large diversity within it, such as inGansu, whose Han individuals may have genetic traits from the assimilatedTangut civilization.[citation needed] Although they are indigenous toHainan island and do not speak a Chinese language, the Lingao (Ong-Be) people near the capital (8% of the population) are counted as Han Chinese.[citation needed]
| English Name | Simplified Chinese and Traditional Chinese | Mandarin Pinyin | Population | Classified in census as ..... | Territory | Details |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bunu | 布努人 | Bùnǔrén | 700,000 | Yao | Guangxi | [2] |
| Chuanqing | 穿青人 | Chuānqīngrén | 670,000 | Han | Liupanshui/Zhijin County,Bijie Prefecture,Guizhou | The Chuanqings view themselves as a distinct group of people despite being descendants ofHan Chinese military servicemen. Most of them live inAnshun area of Guizhou province. Other locals call the Chuanqings "Da Jiao Ban" (Big Foot) or "Da Xiuzi" (Big Sleeves). Uniquely, they worship a god called Wuxian (五显). |
| Lingao | 临高人 臨高人 | Língāorén | 500,000[3][full citation needed] | Han or Zhuang | Hainan[4][full citation needed] | Speakers of theBe languages. Some have chosen to register as Zhuang, while the majority of them registered as Han.[5][6][full citation needed] |
| Waxiang | 瓦乡人 瓦鄉人 | Wǎxiāngrén | 400,000[7] | Han | Yuanling County,Yongding,Yongshun County of Hunan | Many of the Waxiang people are designated as Miao, while some are designated as Tujia or Han. |
| Torghut | 土尔扈特人 土爾扈特人 | Tǔěrhùtèrén | 150,000[8][unreliable source?] | Mongols | Xinjiang[9][full citation needed] | |
| Gyalrong | 嘉绒人 嘉絨人 | Jiāróngrén | 120,000 | Tibetan | Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan | Speakers of theGyalrong language related toQiang. |
| Limin | 里民人 | Lǐmínrén | 100,000 | Li | Anshun/Qianxinan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Guizhou | Part of the Chuanqing people. Not related to the Li people of Hainan. |
| Gejia | 𱎼家人 | Géjiārén | 50,000 | Miao | Qiandongnan Prefecture, Guizhou | |
| Äynu | 艾努人 | Àinǔrén | 50,000 | Uyghur | Moyu/Hetian/Luopu/Shache/Shule/Yingjisha Counties, Hotan Prefecture, Xinjiang | Ethnically and linguistically distinct, speakÄynu language (Siberian Turkic subfamily) and adhereShia Islam (Alevism). Not related to theAinu people ofHokkaido andSakhalin. |
| Caijia | 蔡家人 | Càijiārén | 40,000 | Han or Bai | Guizhou | Caijia people's language is said to be a relative of the Bai language. |
| Muxi | 木佬人 | Mùlǎorén | 30,000 | Yi | Majiang/Kaili/Huangping (Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture), Duyun/Fuquan (Qiannan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture), Guizhou and Chun'an County, Zhejiang | Their language Muyu belongs to the Kra language group, close to the proverb, but due to similarities to the Gelao they are being classified into the Yi. |
| Mojia | 莫家人 | Mòjiārén | 20,000 | Bouyei[10] | Libo County, Qiannan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Guizhou | They speak theMak language (Kam-Sui). |
| Baima | 白马人 白馬人 | Báimǎrén | 15,000 | Tibetan | Jiuzhaigou, Sichuan andWen County, Gansu | The Baima people are said to be the descendants of Di (氐) people. |
| Utsul | 回辉人 回輝人 | Huíhuīrén | 8,500 | Hui | Hainan | The Utsuls are thought to be descendants ofChamrefugees who fled their homeland ofChampa in Vietnam. |
| Khmu | 克木人 | Kèmùrén | 7,000 | Bulang | Xishuangbanna, Yunnan | |
| Guge | 古格人 | Gǔgérén | 5,000 | Hui (Qinghai), Tibetan (Yunnan) | Hualong Hui Autonomous County, Haidong Prefecture, Qinghai, Deqen/Weixi Counties, Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan and Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region | It is distributed in Hualong Hui Autonomous County of Qinghai Province, Shangri-La, Deqin, Weixi County, and Lhasa City of Tibet Autonomous Region in the Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Yunnan Province. The Guge people are culturally coordinated and adapted to be compatible with and preserve multi-ethnic culture. Suddenly retain the characteristics of the Hui culture, forming a unique nation. |
| Akha | 阿卡人 | Ākǎrén | 6,000 | Hani | Jinghong/Jinghan/Qilong town (Jinghong County), Bulangshan town (Menghai County) and Qilun town (Mengla County), Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan | The Akha claimed to be "over gram", and Akha was the name of the Yi people (meaning "slaves"). |
| Bisu | 毕苏人 畢蘇人 | Bìsūrén | 6,000 | Some are classified as Lahu while those who live in Menghai County are counted as "undistinguished nationalities" | Menghai County, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan | |
| Lemo | 勒墨人 | Lēimòrén | 7,000 | Bai and Lisu | Lushui County, Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan | They are results of intermarriage between Tai Mao (Dehong Dai/Shan) and Lisu peoples. |
| Altaians | 阿尔泰人 阿爾泰人 | Ā'ěrtàirén | several thousand | Mongolian | Altay Prefecture of Xinjiang[11] | |
| Yamato | 大和人 | Dàhérén | 4000 (in total)[a] | Han | Across Jilin, Inner Mongolia, and Liaoning | Leftovers ofJapanese settlers that remained in China after theSecond Sino-Japanese War, primarily women andorphaned children.[12] Many declare themselves as Han in Chinese censuses due to having mostly assimilated into Chinese society. |
| Ryukyu | 琉球人 | Liúqiúrén | Han or sometimes Gaoshan | Across Jilin, Inner Mongolia, and Liaoning | ||
| Tuvans | 图瓦人 圖瓦人 | Túwǎrén | 3,900 | Mongolian | Far north of Xinjiang[13][14] | Only around 2,000 Tuvan speakers left. |
| Bugan | 布赓人 布賡人 | Bùgēngrén | 2,700 | Yi | Southern Guangnan (广南) and northern Xichou (西畴), Yunnan | Speakers of theBugan language. |
| Pakan | 布赓人 布賡人 | Bùgēngrén | 2,000 | Yi | Wennan, Xiqiao. Wenshan, Yunnan | |
| Buyang | 布央人 | Bùyāngrén | 2,000 | Yao, Zhuang | Wenshan Prefecture, Yunnan andNapo County, Guangxi | They are closely related to the Laha, Qabiao, Gelao, and Lachi. |
| Deng | 僜人 | Chēngrén | 2,000 | May be classified as Tibetan | Zayu County, Linzhi (Nyingchi), Tibet Autonomous Region | They speak various Mishmi languages (including Kaman/Miju and Idu Mishmi language). |
| Bolyu | 巴琉人 | Bāliúrén | 1,800 | Longlin County, Guangxi | Also known asLai. | |
| Kunge | 昆格人 | Kūngérén | 1,656 (338 households) | Blang | Jinghong County, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan | The custom of the Kunge is different from that of the general Blang. The unique special day has the Dragon and the Dragon Festival. The Dragon Column is an iron festival. The time is in the solar calendar in February. During the festival, you must kill the cows, burn the bonfire, and worship the ancestors. |
| Bajia | 八甲人 | Bājiǎrén | 1,500 | Blang and Yi | Yu'a/Yucha Township, Menghai County, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan | Distributed in Menghai County, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province. Those who mixed with Blang are being classified as Blang peoples while those who unmixed are being classified as Yi peoples (this happened on 2011 after approval by Chinese National Civil Affairs Commission and the Yunnan Provincial Government). |
| Fuyu Kyrgyz | 富裕柯克孜人 富裕柯克孜人 | Fùyù Kēkèzīrén | 1,400 | Kyrgyz | Fuyu County, Heilongjiang | Ethnically and linguistically distinct from Kyrgyz, closely related to the ancientYenisei Kyrgyz and modernKhakas in Siberia. |
| Keriya | 克里雅人 | Kèlǐyǎrén | 1,300 | Uyghur | Yutian/Minfeng County, Hotan Prefecture, Xinjiang | The Keriya people are said to be descendants of the Tibet Aliguge dynasty. Another group are said to be desert indigenous people living there. The natural environment determines the lifestyle of the Keriya people in the deep Taklimakan Desert. It still retains the simple and pure folk customs. Culture and a more primitive way of life. Most of them lived together for generations. The elderly at home are the most respected elders. The tribes rarely marry outsiders. They are called "the primitive tribes in the desert". |
| Manmi | 曼咪人 | Mànmīrén | 1,000 | Blang | Jinghong County, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan | Manmi people have their own language,Man Met which belongs to the Mon-Khmer (Austroasiatic) language group, and the Manmi people's housing, costumes, religious beliefs, and festivals are similar to the Yi people, but the ethnic group is classified as the Blang ethnic group. Now, Manmi people hope to be counted as an independent nation. |
| Kaifeng Jews | 开封犹太人 開封猶太人 | Kāifēng Yóutàizú | 600 – 1,000[15] | Hui or Han | Kaifeng, Henan | Descendants of Jewish silk road traders. |
| Kangjia | 康家人 | Kāngjiārén | 500–600 | Hui | Jainca (Jianzha) County, Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai | The Kangjia people have their own language, Kangjia language. It belongs to the Mongolian language group. The lifestyle is mixed with the Hui and Tu nationalities. Therefore, the Kangjia peoples now consider themselves to be an independent nationality, different from the surrounding people. |
| Mang | 莽人 | Mǎngrén | 568 | Blang | Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan | |
| Tomao | 托茂人 | Tuōmàorén | 500 | Hui | Yanqi Hui Autonomous County, Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang and Zhidoi County, Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai | Muslim minority distributed in Qinghai and Xinjiang,[16][full citation needed] with its own unique customs, using Tomo language (a Mongolian mixed Arabic and Persian vocabulary). |
| Qabiao | 布标人 布標人 | Bùbiāozrén | 302 | Yi | Malipo County, Yunnan | Also known in Vietnam as thePu Peo (普標). |
| Laopin | 老品人 | Lǎopǐnrén | 233 (in 52 households) | May be classified as Dai | Menghai County, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan | The Lao Ping ethnics call themselves "old products", also known as "card products". Old people retain their own language, such as eating for "Tangza", housing for "crowding", and fluent slang. The old-fashioned housing is a Chinese-style bungalow. A unique original religion, with temples and godless statues, is held every year in the whole village. |
| Laomian | 老缅人 老緬人 | Lǎomiǎnrén | 233 (in 52 households) | Lahu | Menghai County, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan | The Laomian has nothing to do with the Burmese. The Laomian people is a cross-border ethnic group distributed in the border areas of China, Thailand, Myanmar, and Laos. In China, Laojia Dazhai in Zhutang Township of Mula County and Miaohai Village in Menghai County of Mianhai County are the main settlements. |
| Daman | 达曼人 達曼人 | Dámànrén | 200 | Tibetan | Gyirong County, Shigatse Prefecture, Tibet | They are popularly believed to be descendants of the Nepalese Gurkha army. |
| Caizu | 菜族人 | Càizúrén | 170 (in 32 households) | Han | Unknown | |
| Ili Turks | 土尔克人, 土爾克人 | Tǔěrkèrén | 120[17] | Uzbek, Uyghur | Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, Northern Xinjiang | Ethnically and linguistically distinct from Uyghurs. |
| Ongkor | 翁阔人 翁闊人 | Wēngkuòrén | 20 | Evenki | Yining County, Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang | It is said that Ongkor is the smallest ethnic group in China. The 1993 survey showed that there were only 20 people. |
| Tanka | 疍家人 疍家人 | Dànjiārén | Han | Guangdong, Fujian, Hainan | Thought to haveBaiyue origins. Traditionally boat people who lived by the sea, they were sometimes referred to as "sea gypsies". | |
| Dolan | 刀朗人 | Dāolǎngrén | Uyghur | Awat County, Xinjiang | ||
| Kucong | 苦聪人 苦聰人 | Kǔcōngrén | Lahu | Yunnan |
| Sino-Tibetan |
| ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Austroasiatic | |||||||||||
| Austronesian | |||||||||||
| Hmong-Mien | |||||||||||
| Mongolic | |||||||||||
| Kra–Dai | |||||||||||
| Tungusic | |||||||||||
| Turkic | |||||||||||
| Indo-European | |||||||||||
| Others | |||||||||||
| Related | |||||||||||
Underlined: the 56 officially recognised ethnic groups ranked by population in their language families according to2020 census | |||||||||||
