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Fifth Fleet
The U.S. Fifth Fleet's emblem
Active	26 April 1944 – January 1947 1 July 1995 – present
Country	United States
Branch	United States Navy
Part of	U.S. Central Command (CENTCOM) U.S. Naval Forces Central Command (NAVCENT)
Garrison/HQ	Naval Support Activity Bahrain,Bahrain
Engagements	World War II Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign Operation Hailstone Mariana and Palau Islands campaign Battle of Iwo Jima Battle of Okinawa Spillover of the Gaza war Red Sea crisis
Battle honours	Pacific Theatre of World War II
Commanders
Current commander	VADMCurt Renshaw
Command Master Chief	CMDCM Jason M. Dunn
Notable commanders	ADMRaymond A. Spruance, USN

TheFifth Fleet is anumbered fleet of theUnited States Navy. Its area of responsibility encompasses approximately 2.5 million square miles, and includes thePersian Gulf,Red Sea,Arabian Sea, and parts of theIndian Ocean. It shares a commander and headquarters withU.S. Naval Forces Central Command (NAVCENT) inBahrain. Fifth Fleet/NAVCENT is a component command of, and reports to,U.S. Central Command (CENTCOM).

Established duringWorld War II in 1944, the Fifth Fleet conducted extensive operations that led to the defeat ofJapanese forces in theCentral Pacific, including battles for theMariana Islands campaign,Iwo Jima, andOkinawa. In 1947, two years after the Allied victory, it was stood down. After remaining inactive for 48 years, the Fifth Fleet was reactivated in 1995. It contributed significant forces in theGlobal War on Terrorism and continues to project US naval power in the Middle East.

The Fifth Fleet was initially established duringWorld War II on 26 April 1944 from theCentral Pacific Force under the command ofAdmiralRaymond Spruance. Central Pacific Force was itself part ofPacific Ocean Areas. The ships of the Fifth Fleet also formed the basis of theThird Fleet, which was the designation of the "Big Blue Fleet" when under the command of AdmiralWilliam F. Halsey, Jr.^{[N 1]} Spruance and Halsey would alternate command of the fleet for major operations, allowing the other admiral and his staff time to prepare for the subsequent one. A secondary benefit was confusing the Japanese into thinking that they were actually two separate fleets as the fleet designation flipped back and forth. Under Admiral Spruance, the Fifth Fleet was, by June 1944, the largest combat fleet in the world, with 535 warships.^[2]

While operating under Spruance's command as the Fifth Fleet, the fleet took part in theMariana Islands campaign of June–August 1944, theIwo Jima campaign of February–March 1945, and theOkinawa campaign of April–June 1945. During the course of these operations, it conductedOperation Hailstone (a major raid against the Japanese naval base atTruk) in February 1944, defeated theImperial Japanese Navy in theBattle of the Philippine Sea in June 1944, and blunted the JapaneseOperation Ten-Go – sinking the JapanesebattleshipYamato in the process – in April 1945.

TheBritish Pacific Fleet operated as part of the Fifth Fleet from March to May 1945 under the designationTask Force 57.^[3] Halsey then relieved Spruance of command and the British ships, like the rest of the Fifth Fleet, were resubordinated to the Third Fleet.

The Fifth Fleet's next major combat operation would have beenOperation Olympic, the invasion ofKyushu in theJapanese Home Islands, scheduled to begin on 1 November 1945.^{[citation needed]} TheAtomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki made this operation unnecessary, and the Fifth Fleet did not return to combat again during the war.

The commanders of Fifth Fleet during this era were Admirals Spruance (26 April 1944 – 8 November 1945),John Henry Towers (8 November 1945 – 18 January 1946),Frederick C. Sherman (18 January 1946 – 3 September 1946), andAlfred E. Montgomery (5 September 1946 – 1 January 1947).^[4] The Fifth Fleet was deactivated in January 1947. The position of Commander, Fifth Fleet, became Commander,First Task Fleet. Montgomery became Commander, First Task Fleet, upon the deactivation of the Fifth Fleet.

Prior to the firstGulf War in 1990–1991, U.S. naval operations in theArabian Gulf region were directed by the Commander, Middle Eastern Force (COMMIDEASTFOR). Since this organization was considered insufficient to manage large-scale combat operations during theGulf War, theSeventh Fleet — primarily responsible for the Western Pacific and Indian Ocean and normally based in Japan – was given the temporary task of managing the force during the period. However, no numbered fleet existed permanently within the USCENTCOM area of responsibility. In 1995,John Scott Redd proposed and founded the only new U.S. Navy Fleet in half a century, serving as the first Commander, Fifth Fleet (COMFIFTHFLT) since World War II.^[5][6] After a 48-year hiatus, theFifth Fleet was reactivated, replacing COMMIDEASTFOR, and it now directs operations in the Persian Gulf, Red Sea, and Arabian Sea. Its headquarters are atNSA Bahrain located inManama,Bahrain.

For the early years of its existence, its forces normally consisted of an AircraftCarrier Battle Group (CVBG), anAmphibious Ready Group (ARG),surface combatants,submarines, maritime patrol and reconnaissance aircraft, and logistics ships. After theSeptember 11 terrorist attack and the beginning ofOperation Enduring Freedom, the naval strategy of the U.S. changed. Consequently, the policy of always maintaining a certain number of ships in various parts of the world also changed.

However, its usual configuration now includes aCarrier Strike Group (CSG), Amphibious Ready Group orExpeditionary Strike Group (ESG), and other ships and aircraft with almost 15,000 people serving afloat and 1,000 support personnel ashore.^[7]

Carrier Strike Group Three formed the core of the naval power during the initial phase ofOperation Enduring Freedom in 2001. Commander, Carrier Group Three, Rear AdmiralThomas E. Zelibor, arrived in the Arabian Sea on 12 September 2001 and was subsequently designated Commander Task Force 50 (CTF 50), commanding multiple carrier strike groups and coalition forces. The Task Force conducted strikes againstAl-Qaeda andTaliban forces inAfghanistan. Task Force 50 comprised over 59 ships from six nations including six aircraft carriers, stretching over 800 nautical miles.^[8]

Naval operations in the Middle East were the subject of DOD ExerciseMillennium Challenge 2002, during which unanticipated maneuvers by opposing forces director Lieutenant GeneralPaul Van Riper USMC (retd.) led to heavy losses to the 'imaginary' exercise U.S. fleet.^[9]

In August 2002, Marines from the22nd Marine Expeditionary Unit (Special Operations Capable (MEU) (SOC)) carried out a long-range deployment exercise from the amphibious assault shipUSS Wasp (LHD 1) into Djibouti. During the deployment the MEU also participated in Operation Sea Eagle in the Gulf of Aden and Operation Infinite Anvil in the Horn of Africa.^[10]

Fifth Fleet forces peaked in early 2003, when five USN aircraft carriers (CV and CVNs), six amphibious assault ships (LHAs andLHDs) and their embarked Marine Corps air ground combat elements, their escorting and supply vessels, and over 30Royal Navy vessels were under its command.

In thePersian Gulf,United States Coast Guard surface ships attached to the Fifth Fleet were under Commander,Destroyer Squadron 50 (CDS-50) commanded byCaptain John W. Peterson of the Navy.^[11] Coast Guard cuttersBoutwell,Walnut, and the four patrol boats were part of this group. The shore detachments, MCSD andPatrol Forces Southwest Asia also operated under the command of CDS-50. For actual operations, the Coast Guard forces were part of two different task forces. The surface units were part ofTask Force 55 (CTF-55). Command of CTF-55 actually shifted during OIF. Initially, Rear AdmiralBarry M. Costello, Commander of the Constellation Battle Group, commanded CTF-55. The surface forces were designated Task Group 55.1 (TG-55.1) with Commander Destroyer Squadron 50 (CDS-50) as the task group commander. In mid-April, the Constellation Battle Group left the NAG and the Destroyer Squadron 50 staff commanded TF-55 for the remainder of OIF major combat operations. In the aftermath of the fall ofBaghdad in April 2003, the very large force of ships was quickly drawn down.

On 6 May 2005, a party of Marines reportedly landed inSomaliland, the autonomous and self-declared state in northern Somalia. The landings were purportedly conducted to carry out searches, as well as to question locals regarding the whereabouts of terrorist suspects. Three ships, including a helicopter carrier, were reported in a nearby anchorage, likely a MEU/ARG. United States military officials denied the allegations and said operations were not being conducted in Somaliland.^[12]

On 3 January 2012, following the end of the ten-day Velayat 90 naval maneuvers by theIranian Navy in theStrait of Hormuz, theIranian Army chief of staff, GeneralAtaollah Salehi, was quoted by the state news agencyIRNA as warning the United States to not deployJohn C. Stennis back to the Persian Gulf.^[13][14] On 4 January 2011,Fars News Agency reported that a bill was being prepared for theIranian Parliament to bar foreign naval vessels from entering the Arabian Gulf unless they receive permission from the Iranian navy, with Iranian lawmaker Nader Qazipour noting: "If the military vessels and warships of any country want to pass via the Strait of Hormuz without coordination and permission of Iran's navy forces, they should be stopped by the Iranian armed forces."^[15] Also, Iranian Defense MinisterAhmad Vahidi reiterated that "transnational forces" have no place in the Arabian Gulf region.^[15] On 6 January 2012, armed Iranian speedboats reportedly harassed two U.S. naval vessels, the amphibious transport dockNew Orleans and theCoast GuardcutterAdak, as they transited the Strait of Hormuz into the Persian Gulf.^[16]

On 9 January 2012,Carrier Strike Group One, led by the carrierCarl Vinson, joined Carrier Strike Group Three in the North Arabian Sea, withCarrier Strike Group Nine, led by the carrierAbraham Lincoln, en route to the Arabian Sea amid rising tension between the United States and theIslamic Republic of Iran over U.S. naval access to the Strait of Hormuz.^[17] On 19 January 2012, Carrier Strike Group Nine entered the Fifth Fleet's area of responsibility (AOR) and relieved Carrier Strike Group Three.^[18] That same day during an interview on theCharlie Rose program,Mohammad Khazaee, Iran'sambassador to theUnited Nations, stated that Iran would consider closing the Strait of Hormuz if Iran's security was endangered.^[19]

For December 2012 and January 2013, Carrier Strike Group Three was the only carrier strike group operating with the U.S. Fifth Fleet until relieved by theCarrier Strike Group Ten. This is because of the temporary two-month rotation of theCarrier Strike Group Eight back to the United States in order to resurface the flight deck of that group's flagship, the carrierDwight D. Eisenhower.^[20]Dwight D. Eisenhower,Carrier Air Wing Seven, and the guided-missile cruiserHue City returned to base on 19 December 2012, and the guided missile destroyersJason Dunham,Farragut, andWinston S. Churchill were scheduled to return to base in March 2013.^[21]

In September 2016,Commander Amphibious Task Group,CommodoreAndrew Burns, set off from the UK withOcean, along with helicopters from 845 Naval Air Squadron, No. 662 Squadron AAC and No. 27 Squadron RAF,Bulwark, and element of3 Commando Brigade HQRoyal Marines,RFA Mounts Bay andMVEddystone Point under his flag. This deployment was known as theJoint Expeditionary Force (Maritime) 2016. The Amphibious Task Group was planned to sail to the Red Sea and Persian Gulf, where Burns was to assume command of the United States Fifth FleetTask Force 50 until March 2017.^[22][23]

On 1 December 2018, Commander, Fifth Fleet,Vice AdmiralScott A. Stearney was found dead in his residence in Bahrain. No foul play was suspected. Deputy commander Rear AdmiralPaul J. Schlise assumed command in his place.^[24][25] Vice AdmiralJim Malloy flew to Bahrain to provide support.^[26][27] Malloy was formally nominated to succeed Stearney on 4 December^[27][28][29] and quickly confirmed by voice vote of the fullUnited States Senate on 6 December.^[28][30][31] Vice Adm. Malloy assumed command on 7 December.^[32]

This section needs to beupdated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.(May 2025)

• Task Force 50, Battle Force (~1 x Forward Deployed Carrier Strike Group). From 2010 through 2013, the U.S. maintained two aircraft carriers east of Suez, known as a "2.0 carrier presence," although it sometimes temporarily dipped below that level.^[33] The heightened presence aimed to provide air and sea striking power for U.S. operations in Iraq and Afghanistan, to deter Iran from problematic behavior in the region and keep theStrait of Hormuz open.
• Task Force 51, Amphibious Force (~1 x Expeditionary Strike Group)/Expeditionary Strike Group Five/TF 59 (Manama, Bahrain)
• Task Force 52, mining/demining force
• Task Force 53, Logistics Force^[34]/Sealift Logistics Command Central,Military Sealift Command (MSC replenishment ships plus USNMH-53E Sea Stallion helicopters andC-130 Hercules,C-9 Skytrain II and/orC-40 Clipper aircraft)
• Task Force 54, (dual-hatted as Task Force 74) Submarine Force
• Task Force 55,Operation Iraqi Freedom:USS Constellation (CV-64) Carrier Strike Force; June 2003: mine clearing force, including elements from theU.S. Navy Marine Mammal Program. At the end of February 2003,Ponce (AFSB/I-15), became the flagship of the Commander of Mine Countermeasure Squadron Three, designated as Commander, Task Group 55.4. The Task Group included a US Navy special clearance team, two explosive ordnance disposal (EOD) units, a detachment ofMH-53E Sea Dragon helicopters fromHelicopter Mine Countermeasures Squadron FOURTEEN (HM-14), a British unit and Clearance Diving Team 3, from theAustralian Clearance Diving Branch. The ships involved included themine coastal huntersCardinal andRaven,mine countermeasure shipsArdent andDextrous, anddock landing shipGunston Hall. TF 55's previous activities duringWorld War II were as the U.S. Marine expeditionary component of the Central Pacific's Fifth Fleet.
• Task Force 56,Navy Expeditionary Combat Command force.^[35]
  • CTG 56.1 Explosive Ordnance Disposal / Expeditionary Diving and Salvage^[36]
  • CTG 56.2 Naval Construction Forces
  • CTG 56.3Navy Expeditionary Logistics Support Group Forward; NSA Bahrain. Provides logistics support for USN/USA/USMC, cargo movement and customs throughout thearea of responsibility.
  • CTG 56.4 U.S. Army Civil Affairs
  • CTG 56.5 Maritime Expeditionary Security; Provides anti-Terrorism/Force Protection of land/port/littoral waterway operations for USN and Coalition assets, as well as point defense of strategic platforms and MSC vessels
  • CTG 56.6 Expeditionary Combat Readiness; Provides administrative "Sailor support" for all Individual Augmentees, and administers the Navy Individual Augmentee Combat Training Course and Warrior Transition Program
  • CTG 56.7 Riverine; Provides riverine protection of waterways from illegal smuggling of weapons, drugs and people
• Task Force 57, (dual-hatted as Task Force 72) Patrol and Reconnaissance Force (P-3 and EP-3 Maritime Patrol and Reconnaissance Aircraft)
  • Task Group 57.1 – Lockheed EP-3, VQ-1^[37]
  • Task Group 57.2 – in October 2006, consisted ofVP-8,VP-9,VP-16, andVP-46.^[38]
  • Note that as of 13 October 2011, Officer in Charge, Patrol and Reconnaissance Force Fifth Fleet Det Bahrain (COMPATRECONFORFIFTHFLT DET BAHRAIN (44468)) has been modified to Commander, Patrol and Reconnaissance Wing FIVE SEVEN.^[39]
• Task Force 58, Maritime Surveillance Force (Northern Arabian Gulf)
• Task Force 59, Expeditionary Force/Contingency Force (when required, e.g. July–August 2006 Lebanon evacuation operation, in conjunction withJoint Task Force Lebanon) In February 2007 it was conductingMaritime Security Operations^[40] and as of 2 November 2007, it was running a crisis management exercise.

Together with Naval Forces Central Command, Fifth Fleet oversees four naval task forces monitoring maritime activity:

• Combined Task Force 150 that patrols from Hormuz, halfway across the Arabia Sea, South as far as the Seychelles, through the Gulf of Aden, up through the strait between Djibouti and Yemen known as the Bab Al Mandeb and into the Red Sea and, finally, around theHorn of Africa;
• Combined Task Force 152 patrols thePersian Gulf from the northern end where area of responsibility of CTF 158 ends and down to the Strait of Hormuz between Oman and Iran where the area of responsibility for CTF 150 begins;
• Combined Task Force 151 patrols mostly the same area as CTF 150 but is primarily focused on deterring and disruptingSomali piracy attack on commercial shipping and leisure craft;
• CTF 52 (as above) patrols the same area as CTF 152 but is focused on countermining/demining activity.^[41]

The United States Navy, Naval Historical Center advises that;

"..This position was originally titled Commander, Central Pacific Force. On 26 April 1944 it was renamed Commander, Fifth Fleet. It then became Commander, First Task Fleet on 1 January 1947."^[42]

No.	Commander		Term			Ref
	Portrait	Name	Took office	Left office	Term length
1		Admiral Raymond A. Spruance (1886–1969)	26 April 1944[43]	8 November 1945	1 year, 196 days	[44]
2		Admiral John Henry Towers (1885–1955)	8 November 1945	18 January 1946	71 days	[44]
3		Vice Admiral Frederick C. Sherman (1888–1957)	18 January 1946	3 September 1946	228 days	[44]
4		Vice Admiral Alfred E. Montgomery (1891–1961)	5 September 1946	1 January 1947[45]	118 days	[44]

No.	Commander		Term			Ref
	Portrait	Name	Took office	Left office	Term length
1		Vice Admiral John Scott Redd (born 1944)	1 July 1995[46]	June 1996	~336 days	[47]
2		Vice Admiral Thomas B. Fargo (born 1948)	June 1996	27 July 1998	~2 years, 56 days	[48]
3		Vice Admiral Charles W. Moore Jr. (born 1946)	27 July 1998	11 February 2002	3 years, 199 days	[49]
4		Vice Admiral Timothy J. Keating (born 1948)	11 February 2002	7 October 2003	1 year, 238 days	[50]
5		Vice Admiral David C. Nichols (born 1950)	7 October 2003	3 November 2005	2 years, 27 days	[50]
6		Vice Admiral Patrick M. Walsh (born 1955)	3 November 2005	27 February 2007	1 year, 116 days	[50]
7		Vice Admiral Kevin J. Cosgriff	27 February 2007	5 July 2008	1 year, 129 days	[51]
8		Vice Admiral William E. Gortney (born 1955)	5 July 2008	5 July 2010	2 years, 0 days	[52]
9		Vice Admiral Mark I. Fox (born 1956)	5 July 2010	24 May 2012	1 year, 324 days	[53]
10		Vice Admiral John W. Miller	24 May 2012	3 September 2015	3 years, 102 days	[54]
11		Vice Admiral Kevin M. Donegan (born 1958)	3 September 2015	19 September 2017	2 years, 16 days	[55]
12		Vice Admiral John C. Aquilino (born 1962)	19 September 2017	6 May 2018	229 days	[56]
13		Vice Admiral Scott Stearney (1960–2018)	6 May 2018	1 December 2018	209 days	[57]
-		Rear Admiral (lower half) Paul J. Schlise Acting	1 December 2018	7 December 2018	6 days	-
14		Vice Admiral James J. Malloy (born 1963)	7 December 2018	19 August 2020	255 days	[58]
15		Vice Admiral Samuel Paparo (born 1964)	19 August 2020	5 May 2021	1 year, 259 days	[59]
16		Vice Admiral Charles B. Cooper II (born 1967)	5 May 2021	1 February 2024	2 years, 272 days	[60]
17		Vice Admiral George M. Wikoff (born 1968)	1 February 2024	5 October 2025	1 year, 246 days	-
18		Vice Admiral Curt A. Renshaw (born 1968)	5 October 2025	Incumbent	19 days	-

Notes

Citations

Bibliography

• Official website

• Fleets of the United States Navy
• Fleets of the United States Navy in World War II
• Military units and formations established in 1944
• Military units and formations disestablished in 1947
• Military units and formations established in 1995

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