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| United States Capitol Complex | |
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 Aerial view of the central portion of the United States Capitol Complex looking east (2007) | |
 Interactive map of United States Capitol Complex | |
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TheUnited States Capitol Complex is a group of twenty buildings, grounds, and facilities inWashington, D.C., that are used by theUnited States Congress, andfederal courts. The buildings and grounds within the complex are managed and supervised by theArchitect of the Capitol.
TheCapitol Building is the central feature of the complex. Other parts of the Capitol Complex include:
II.United States Courts Buildings
In addition to the buildings listed above, severalmonuments,sculptures, and otherworks of art are located in and around the Capitol Complex. These include theNational Statuary Hall Collection and theStatue of Freedom among many others.
The westernmost part of the grounds is the Capitol Reflecting Pool, which reflects the Capitol and theUlysses S. Grant Memorial.
With the exception of the Ford and O'Neill House Office Buildings, all House and Senate office buildings within the Capitol Complex are linked to the Capitol via an underground network ofpeople movers orfootpath tunnels.
Construction of the Capitol began in 1792. When built, it was the only existing building for the use by the nation'slegislature. In addition to Congress, the building was also designed to house theLibrary of Congress, theSupreme Court, thedistrict courts, and other offices.
Following the completion of the building and as the nation grew, so did the size of the Congress. The Capitol and its grounds were enlarged accordingly, and by 1892 the building had reached essentially its present size and appearance (with the exception of the east front extension 1958–1962 and courtyard infill areas 1991–1993).
Even with the enlargements, Congress eventually grew too big for the building and new facilities had to be constructed to meet the needs of the government. With the moving of the Library of Congress into itsown building in 1897, and with the construction of new office buildings for the House and Senate in the early 20th century, the Capitol Complex was born.
Known simply as the "House Office Building" and "Senate Office Building" when they opened in 1908 and 1909, theCannon House Office Building andRussell Senate Office Building became the first buildings solely for use as offices by the House of Representatives and the Senate. These new buildings were heated and provided with electricity by the newCapitol Power Plant which opened in 1910 and is still used today.
The 1930s was a decade of major construction within the growing Capitol Complex. In 1933 alone theU.S. Botanic Garden Conservatory, Director's residence, andBartholdi Park were completed; the Senate Office Building's First Street wing, which had been omitted during construction for funding reasons, was added; and the Additional House Office Building (later named theLongworth House Office Building) was occupied. The Supreme Court at last found a permanent home when itsown building was completed in 1935. The last building constructed within the complex in this decade was the Library of Congress Annex, now named theJohn Adams Building, which opened in 1939.
Within twenty years, attention returned to the need for more Congressional office space; this led to the construction of a second building for the Senate (now named theDirksen Senate Office Building), which was completed in 1958. The House's third building, theRayburn House Office Building, opened in 1965.
In the 1970s, two more buildings became available for the House: the former Congressional Hotel, theO'Neill House Office Building (demolished in 2002), and a larger building originally constructed for theFederal Bureau of Investigation (now theFord House Office Building). A third building for the Library of Congress, theJames Madison Memorial Building, opened in 1980 and the Senate's third building, theHart Senate Office Building, was occupied in 1982. The most recent large structure within the Capitol complex is theThurgood Marshall Federal Judiciary Building, which was opened in 1992.
Renovations to the Botanic Garden Conservatory began in September 1997 and continued for four years until December 2001 when the building reopened. The Conservatory's aluminum framework, glazing, interior floors, doors, and lighting were replaced; all electrical, plumbing, and environmental control systems were upgraded, and air conditioning was added to the display halls.
The newest addition to the Capitol Complex is theCapitol Visitor Center. Despite many delays, the Center opened in December 2008, and includes an exhibition gallery, two theaters, a dining facility, and gift shops. The budget for construction of the center was $584 million.
On January 6, 2021, the Capitol wasstormed by supporters of PresidentDonald Trump after a rally in front of theWhite House. ACapitol Police officer was wounded and was pronounced dead a day later at a nearby hospital. Additionally, one of the protesters was shot and later pronounced dead at a nearby hospital. A further three deaths from medical emergencies were reported while over a hundred injuries were reported by Capitol Police.
Some text from this article came from the public domain webpages of theArchitect of the Capitol:
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