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United States Attorney General

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Head of the US Department of Justice

United States Attorney General
Seal of the Department of Justice
Flag of the attorney general
Incumbent
Pam Bondi
since February 5, 2025
United States Department of Justice
StyleMadam Attorney General (informal)
The Honorable (formal)
Member ofCabinet
National Security Council
Homeland Security Council
Reports toPresident of the United States
SeatRobert F. Kennedy Department of Justice Building
Washington, D.C.
AppointerThepresident
withSenateadvice and consent
Term lengthNo fixed term
Constituting instrument28 U.S.C. § 503
FormationSeptember 26, 1789
First holderEdmund Randolph
SuccessionSeventh[1]
DeputyDeputy Attorney General
SalaryExecutive Schedule, Level I[2]
Websitewww.justice.gov/ag

TheUnited States attorney general (AG) is the head of theUnited States Department of Justice (DOJ) and serves as the chief law enforcement officer of thefederal government. The attorney general acts as the principal legal advisor to thepresident of the United States on all legal matters. The attorney general is also a statutory member of theCabinet of the United States and a member of theUnited States National Security Council. Additionally, the attorney general is seventh in thepresidential line of succession. The attorney general is the only cabinet department head who is not given the titleSecretary.

Under theAppointments Clause of theUnited States Constitution, the officeholder is nominated by the president of the United States, and, following a confirmation hearing before theSenate Judiciary Committee, will take office if confirmed by the majority of the fullUnited States Senate. The attorney general is supported by the Office of the Attorney General, which includes executive staff and several deputy attorneys general.

The attorney general is aLevel I position in the Executive Schedule[3] and thus earns the salary prescribed for that level: $250,600, as of January 2025.

Name

[edit]

The title Attorney General is an example of a noun (attorney) followed by apostpositive adjective (general).[4] "General" is a description of the type of attorney, not a title or rank in itself (as it would be in the military).[4] Even though the attorney general (and the similarly titledsolicitor general) is occasionally referred to as "General" or "General [last name]" by senior government officials, this is considered incorrect in standardAmerican English usage.[4][5] For the same reason, the correct American English plural form is "attorneys general" rather than "attorney generals".[5]

History

[edit]
See also:United States Department of Justice § History
Seal of the Department of Justice

Congress passed theJudiciary Act of 1789 which, among other things, established the Office of the Attorney General. The original duties of this officer were "to prosecute and conduct all suits in theSupreme Court in which the United States shall be concerned, and to give his advice and opinion uponquestions of law when required by the president of the United States, or when requested by the heads of any of the departments".[6] Some of these duties have since been transferred to theUnited States solicitor general and theWhite House counsel.

TheDepartment of Justice was established in 1870 to support the attorneys general in the discharge of their responsibilities.

Thesecretary of state, thesecretary of the treasury, thesecretary of defense, and the attorney general are regarded as the four most importantCabinet officials in the United States because of the size and importance of their respective departments.[7]

Duties and responsibilities

[edit]

The attorney general's duties and responsibilities as the chief law enforcement officer of the federal government include overseeing theUnited States Department of Justice, enforcingfederal laws, and providing both formal and informal legal advice and opinions to the president of the United States, the cabinet, and the heads of executive departments and agencies. The attorney general represents the federal government in legal matters and supervises the administration and operation of the Department of Justice, which includes theFederal Bureau of Investigation, theDrug Enforcement Administration, theBureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives, theOffice of Justice Programs,U.S. Attorneys, and theUnited States Marshals Service.[8]

Additionally, the attorney general advises the president of the United States on appointments to federal judicial positions and Department of Justice roles, including U.S. Attorneys and U.S. Marshals. While the attorney general may represent the United States in theSupreme Court and other courts, this is typically handled by the solicitor general.[9][10] The attorney general also performs or supervises other duties as required by statute or executive order.

Presidential transition

[edit]

It is the practice for the attorney general, along with the other Cabinet secretaries and high-levelpolitical appointees of the president, to tender a resignation with effect at noon on theInauguration Day (January 20) of a new president. Thedeputy attorney general is also expected to tender a resignation, but is commonly requested to stay on and act as the attorney general, pursuant to28 U.S.C. § 508, pending theconfirmation by the Senate of the new attorney general.

For example, upon the inauguration of PresidentDonald Trump at noon on January 20, 2017, then-Attorney GeneralLoretta Lynch left her position, so then-Deputy Attorney GeneralSally Yates, who had also tendered her resignation, was asked to stay on to serve as the acting attorney general, pursuant to28 U.S.C. § 508, until the confirmation of the new attorney generalJeff Sessions, who had been nominated for the office in November 2016 by then-President-elect Donald Trump.[11][a]

List of attorneys general

[edit]
Flag of the United States attorney general

Parties

[edit]

  Federalist (4)  Democratic-Republican (5)  Democratic (33)  Whig (4)  Republican (40)  Independent / Unknown (1)

Status

[edit]
  Denotes acting capacity.
No.PortraitNameState of residenceTook officeLeft officePresident(s)
1Edmund RandolphVirginiaSeptember 26, 1789January 26, 1794George Washington
(1789–1797)
2William BradfordPennsylvaniaJanuary 27, 1794August 23, 1795
3Charles LeeVirginiaDecember 10, 1795February 19, 1801
John Adams
(1797–1801)
4Levi Lincoln Sr.MassachusettsMarch 5, 1801March 3, 1805Thomas Jefferson
(1801–1809)
5John BreckinridgeKentuckyAugust 7, 1805December 14, 1806
6Caesar Augustus RodneyDelawareJanuary 20, 1807December 10, 1811
James Madison
(1809–1817)
7William PinkneyMarylandDecember 11, 1811February 9, 1814
8Richard RushPennsylvaniaFebruary 10, 1814November 12, 1817
9William WirtVirginiaNovember 13, 1817March 4, 1829James Monroe
(1817–1825)
John Quincy Adams
(1825–1829)
10John Macpherson BerrienGeorgiaMarch 9, 1829July 19, 1831Andrew Jackson
(1829–1837)
11Roger B. TaneyMarylandJuly 20, 1831November 14, 1833
12Benjamin Franklin ButlerNew YorkNovember 15, 1833July 4, 1838
Martin Van Buren
(1837–1841)
13Felix GrundyTennesseeJuly 5, 1838January 10, 1840
14Henry D. GilpinPennsylvaniaJanuary 11, 1840March 4, 1841
15John J. Crittenden
1st term		KentuckyMarch 5, 1841September 12, 1841William Henry Harrison
(1841)
John Tyler
(1841–1845)
16Hugh S. LegaréSouth CarolinaSeptember 13, 1841June 20, 1843
17John NelsonMarylandJuly 1, 1843March 4, 1845
18John Y. MasonVirginiaMarch 5, 1845October 16, 1846James K. Polk
(1845–1849)
19Nathan CliffordMaineOctober 17, 1846March 17, 1848
20Isaac TouceyConnecticutJune 21, 1848March 4, 1849
21Reverdy JohnsonMarylandMarch 8, 1849July 21, 1850Zachary Taylor
(1849–1850)
22John J. Crittenden
2nd term		KentuckyJuly 22, 1850March 4, 1853Millard Fillmore
(1850–1853)
23Caleb CushingMassachusettsMarch 7, 1853March 4, 1857Franklin Pierce
(1853–1857)
24Jeremiah S. BlackPennsylvaniaMarch 6, 1857December 16, 1860James Buchanan
(1857–1861)
25Edwin StantonPennsylvaniaDecember 20, 1860March 4, 1861
26Edward BatesMissouriMarch 5, 1861November 24, 1864Abraham Lincoln
(1861–1865)
27James SpeedKentuckyDecember 2, 1864July 22, 1866
Andrew Johnson
(1865–1869)
28Henry StanberyOhioJuly 23, 1866July 16, 1868
29William M. EvartsNew YorkJuly 17, 1868March 4, 1869
30Ebenezer R. HoarMassachusettsMarch 5, 1869November 22, 1870Ulysses S. Grant
(1869–1877)
31Amos T. AkermanGeorgiaNovember 23, 1870December 13, 1871
32George Henry WilliamsOregonDecember 14, 1871April 25, 1875
33Edwards PierrepontNew YorkApril 26, 1875May 21, 1876
34Alphonso TaftOhioMay 22, 1876March 4, 1877
35Charles DevensMassachusettsMarch 12, 1877March 4, 1881Rutherford B. Hayes
(1877–1881)
36Wayne MacVeaghPennsylvaniaMarch 5, 1881December 15, 1881James A. Garfield
(1881)
Chester A. Arthur
(1881–1885)
37Benjamin H. BrewsterPennsylvaniaDecember 16, 1881March 4, 1885
38Augustus GarlandArkansasMarch 6, 1885March 4, 1889Grover Cleveland
(1885–1889)
39William H. H. MillerIndianaMarch 7, 1889March 4, 1893Benjamin Harrison
(1889–1893)
40Richard OlneyMassachusettsMarch 6, 1893April 7, 1895Grover Cleveland
(1893–1897)
41Judson HarmonOhioApril 8, 1895March 4, 1897
42Joseph McKennaCaliforniaMarch 5, 1897January 25, 1898William McKinley
(1897–1901)
43John W. GriggsNew JerseyJanuary 25, 1898March 29, 1901
44Philander C. KnoxPennsylvaniaApril 5, 1901June 30, 1904
Theodore Roosevelt
(1901–1909)
45William Henry MoodyMassachusettsJuly 1, 1904December 17, 1906
46Charles BonaparteMarylandDecember 17, 1906March 4, 1909
47George W. WickershamNew YorkMarch 4, 1909March 4, 1913William Howard Taft
(1909–1913)
48James McReynoldsTennesseeMarch 5, 1913August 29, 1914Woodrow Wilson
(1913–1921)
49Thomas Watt GregoryTexasAugust 29, 1914March 4, 1919
50A. Mitchell PalmerPennsylvaniaMarch 5, 1919March 4, 1921
51Harry M. DaughertyOhioMarch 4, 1921April 6, 1924Warren G. Harding
(1921–1923)
Calvin Coolidge
(1923–1929)
52Harlan F. StoneNew YorkApril 7, 1924March 1, 1925
53John G. SargentVermontMarch 7, 1925March 4, 1929
54William D. MitchellMinnesotaMarch 4, 1929March 4, 1933Herbert Hoover
(1929–1933)
55Homer Stille CummingsConnecticutMarch 4, 1933January 1, 1939Franklin D. Roosevelt
(1933–1945)
56Frank MurphyMichiganJanuary 2, 1939January 18, 1940
57Robert H. JacksonNew YorkJanuary 18, 1940August 25, 1941
58Francis BiddlePennsylvaniaAugust 26, 1941June 26, 1945Harry S. Truman
(1945–1953)
59Tom C. ClarkTexasJune 27, 1945July 26, 1949
60J. Howard McGrathRhode IslandJuly 27, 1949April 3, 1952
61James P. McGraneryPennsylvaniaApril 4, 1952January 20, 1953
62Herbert Brownell Jr.New YorkJanuary 21, 1953October 23, 1957Dwight D. Eisenhower
(1953–1961)
63William P. RogersNew YorkOctober 23, 1957January 20, 1961
64Robert F. KennedyMassachusettsJanuary 20, 1961September 3, 1964John F. Kennedy
(1961–1963)
Lyndon B. Johnson
(1963–1969)
65Nicholas KatzenbachNew JerseySeptember 4, 1964[b]January 28, 1965
January 28, 1965November 28, 1966
66Ramsey ClarkTexasNovember 28, 1966[b]March 10, 1967
March 10, 1967January 20, 1969
67John N. MitchellNew YorkJanuary 20, 1969February 15, 1972Richard Nixon
(1969–1974)
68Richard KleindienstArizonaFebruary 15, 1972April 30, 1973[13]
69Elliot RichardsonMassachusettsMay 25, 1973[13]October 20, 1973
–William Ruckelshaus[c]
Acting		IndianaOctober 20, 1973
–Robert Bork[d]
Acting		Washington, D.C.October 20, 1973January 4, 1974
70William B. SaxbeOhioJanuary 4, 1974February 2, 1975
Gerald Ford
(1974–1977)
71Edward H. LeviIllinoisFebruary 2, 1975January 20, 1977
–Harold R. Tyler Jr.[e]
Acting		New YorkJanuary 20, 1977Jimmy Carter
(1977–1981)
–Dick Thornburgh[f]
Acting		PennsylvaniaJanuary 20, 1977January 26, 1977
72Griffin BellGeorgiaJanuary 26, 1977August 16, 1979
73Benjamin CivilettiMarylandAugust 16, 1979January 19, 1981
–Charles Byron Renfrew[g]
Acting		CaliforniaJanuary 20, 1981January 23, 1981Ronald Reagan
(1981–1989)
74William French SmithCaliforniaJanuary 23, 1981February 25, 1985
75Edwin MeeseCaliforniaFebruary 25, 1985August 12, 1988
76Dick ThornburghPennsylvaniaAugust 12, 1988August 15, 1991
George H. W. Bush
(1989–1993)
77William Barr
1st term		VirginiaAugust 16, 1991[b]November 26, 1991
November 26, 1991January 20, 1993
–George J. Terwilliger III[h]
Acting		VermontJanuary 20, 1993Bill Clinton
(1993–2001)
–Stuart M. Gerson[i]
Acting		MarylandJanuary 20, 1993March 12, 1993
78Janet RenoFloridaMarch 12, 1993January 20, 2001
–Eric Holder[j]
Acting		Washington, D.C.January 20, 2001February 2, 2001George W. Bush
(2001–2009)
79John AshcroftMissouriFebruary 2, 2001February 3, 2005
80Alberto GonzalesTexasFebruary 3, 2005September 17, 2007
–Paul Clement[k]
Acting		VirginiaSeptember 17, 2007September 18, 2007
–Peter Keisler[k]
Acting		MarylandSeptember 18, 2007November 9, 2007
81Michael MukaseyNew YorkNovember 9, 2007January 20, 2009
–Mark Filip[l]
Acting		IllinoisJanuary 20, 2009February 3, 2009Barack Obama
(2009–2017)
82Eric HolderWashington, D.C.February 3, 2009April 27, 2015
83Loretta LynchNew YorkApril 27, 2015January 20, 2017
–Sally Yates[m]
Acting		GeorgiaJanuary 20, 2017January 30, 2017Donald Trump
(2017–2021)
–Channing D. Phillips[n]
Acting		Washington, D.C.January 30, 2017
–Dana Boente
Acting		VirginiaJanuary 30, 2017February 9, 2017
84Jeff SessionsAlabamaFebruary 9, 2017November 7, 2018
–Rod Rosenstein[o]
Acting		MarylandNovember 7, 2018
–Matthew Whitaker[p]
Acting		IowaNovember 7, 2018February 14, 2019
85William Barr
2nd term		VirginiaFebruary 14, 2019December 23, 2020
–Jeffrey A. Rosen[q]
Acting		VirginiaDecember 24, 2020January 20, 2021
–John Demers[r]
Acting		VirginiaJanuary 20, 2021Joe Biden
(2021–2025)
–Monty Wilkinson
Acting		Washington, D.C.January 20, 2021March 11, 2021
86Merrick GarlandMarylandMarch 11, 2021January 20, 2025
–Lisa Monaco[s]
Acting		Washington, D.C.January 20, 2025Donald Trump
(2025–present)
–Gary M. Restaino[t]
Acting		ArizonaJanuary 20, 2025
–James McHenry
Acting		Washington, D.C.January 20, 2025February 5, 2025
87Pam BondiFloridaFebruary 5, 2025Incumbent

Line of succession

[edit]

28 U.S.C. § 508 establishes the first two positions in the line of succession, while allowing the attorney general to designate other high-ranking officers of the Department of Justice as subsequent successors.[34] Furthermore, the most recentExecutive Order pertaining to the line of succession,Executive Order 14136 titled "Providing an Order of Succession Within the Department of Justice" that was signed by PresidentJoe Biden on January 3, 2025, and published in theFederal Register on January 13, 2025[31], but was revoked by PresidentDonald Trump on January 20, 2025[35] and has yet to be replaced with another executive order pertaining to the line of succession, defines subsequent positions. The most recent line of succession was:

  1. United States Deputy Attorney General
  2. United States Associate Attorney General
  3. Other officers potentially designated by the attorney general (in no particular order):
  4. United States Attorney for the Southern District of New York
  5. United States Attorney for theDistrict of Arizona
  6. United States Attorney for theNorthern District of Illinois
  7. United States Attorney for the District of Hawaii

Notable figures

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^Unusually for a transitional acting appointment, Yates was dismissed and replaced with another Acting Attorney General before Sessions was confirmed because she refused to defend anexecutive order of the incoming administration.[12]
  2. ^abcServed as acting attorney general in his capacity asdeputy attorney general, pursuant to28 U.S.C. § 508, until his own appointment and confirmation as attorney general.
  3. ^Ruckelshaus served as acting attorney general in his capacity asdeputy attorney general for a few hours following the resignation ofElliot Richardson as attorney general on October 20, 1973, pursuant to28 U.S.C. § 508, until his own resignation after serving as acting attorney general for a few hours. Richardson’s and Ruckelshaus’ resignations both occurred during the "Saturday Night Massacre".
  4. ^On October 20, 1973,Solicitor GeneralRobert Bork became acting attorney general following the "Saturday Night Massacre", in which Attorney GeneralElliot Richardson andDeputy Attorney GeneralWilliam Ruckelshaus, who succeeded Richardson as acting attorney general for a few hours, both resigned.
  5. ^Tyler served as acting attorney general in his capacity asdeputy attorney general for a few hours following the resignation ofEdward H. Levi as attorney general at noon on January 20, 1977, pursuant to28 U.S.C. § 508, until PresidentJimmy Carter namedUnited States Assistant Attorney General for theDOJ Criminal DivisionDick Thornburgh as acting attorney general later that day.
  6. ^Thornburgh served as acting attorney general in his capacity asUnited States Assistant Attorney General for theDOJ Criminal Division, untilGriffin Bell assumed office as attorney general. Thornburgh later served as attorney general from 1988–1991.
  7. ^Renfrew served asdeputy attorney general from February 27, 1980 until the end of the day on January 19, 1981 and as acting attorney general in his capacity asdeputy attorney general, pursuant to28 U.S.C. § 508, from the beginning of the day on January 20, 1981, following the resignation ofBenjamin Civiletti as attorney general at the end of the day on January 19, 1981, untilWilliam French Smith assumed office as attorney general on January 23, 1981.
  8. ^Terwilliger served as acting attorney general in his capacity asdeputy attorney general for a few hours following the resignation ofWilliam Barr as attorney general at noon on January 20, 1993, pursuant to28 U.S.C. § 508, until PresidentBill Clinton namedAssistant Attorney General for theDOJ Civil DivisionStuart M. Gerson as acting attorney general later that day.
  9. ^Gerson served as acting attorney general in his capacity asAssistant Attorney General for theDOJ Civil Division.[14] Gerson was fourth in the line of succession at the Justice Department, but other senior DOJ officials had already resigned.[15]Janet Reno, President Clinton's nominee for attorney general, was confirmed on March 11,[16] and he resigned when Reno was sworn in the next day.[16]
  10. ^Holder served as acting attorney general in his capacity asdeputy attorney general following the resignation ofJanet Reno as attorney general at noon on January 20, 2001, pursuant to28 U.S.C. § 508, untilJohn Ashcroft assumed office as attorney general on February 2, 2001. Holder later served as attorney general from 2009–2015.
  11. ^abOn August 27, 2007, President Bush named Solicitor GeneralPaul Clement as the future acting attorney general, to take office upon the resignation ofAlberto Gonzales, effective September 17, 2007.[17] On September 17, President Bush announced thatAssistant Attorney General for theDOJ Civil DivisionPeter Keisler would become acting attorney general, pending a permanent appointment of a presidential nominee.[18][19] According to administration officials, Clement became acting attorney general at 12:01 am September 17, 2007, and left office 24 hours later.[20] Keisler served as acting attorney general until the confirmation ofMichael Mukasey on November 9, 2007.
  12. ^Filip served as acting attorney general in his capacity asdeputy attorney general following the resignation ofMichael Mukasey as attorney general at noon on January 20, 2009, pursuant to28 U.S.C. § 508, untilEric Holder assumed office as attorney general on February 3, 2009.
  13. ^Yates served as acting attorney general in her capacity asdeputy attorney general following the resignation ofLoretta Lynch as attorney general at noon on January 20, 2017, pursuant to28 U.S.C. § 508, until she was fired on January 30, 2017, after saying the Department of Justice would not defend anexecutive order in court.[21]
  14. ^Phillips served as acting attorney general in his capacity asUnited States Attorney for the District of Columbia for a few hours following the dismissal ofSally Yates on January 30, 2017 pursuant to Executive Order 13762 titled "Providing an Order of Succession Within the Department of Justice" that was signed by PresidentBarack Obama on January 13, 2017 and published in theFederal Register on January 19, 2017.[22] PresidentDonald Trump signed an executive order namingUnited States Attorney for the Eastern District of VirginiaDana Boente as acting attorney general a few hours after the dismissal ofSally Yates and automatic succession of Phillips to the position of acting attorney general.[23]
  15. ^Following the resignation ofJeff Sessions as attorney general at the request of PresidentDonald Trump, Rosenstein served as acting attorney general in his capacity asdeputy attorney general for a few hours on November 7, 2018, pursuant to28 U.S.C. § 508, until Trump signed an executive order namingMatthew Whitaker as acting attorney general later that day.[24]
  16. ^The legality of Matthew Whitaker's appointment as acting attorney general wascalled into question by several constitutional scholars. Among those includedNeal Katyal andGeorge T. Conway III, who asserted it is unconstitutional, because the Attorney General is a principal officer under theAppointments Clause, and thus requires senate consent, even in an acting capacity.[25] Maryland filed aninjunction against Whitaker's appointment on this basis.[26] John E. Bies atLawfare regarded it as an unresolved question.[27] The DOJOffice of Legal Counsel released a legal opinion, asserting that the appointment was legal and consistent with past precedent.[28]
  17. ^Rosen served as acting attorney general in his capacity asdeputy attorney general beginning at the beginning of the day on December 24, 2020, following the resignation ofWilliam Barr as attorney general at the end of the day on December 23, 2020, pursuant to 28 U.S. Code § 508 - Vacancies[29].
  18. ^Demers served as acting attorney general in his capacity asAssistant Attorney General for theDOJ National Security Division for a few hours following the resignation ofJeffrey Rosen as acting attorney general at noon on January 20, 2021 until PresidentJoe Biden signed an executive order naming Deputy Assistant Attorney General for Human Resources and AdministrationMonty Wilkinson as acting attorney general later that day.[30]
  19. ^Monaco served as acting attorney general in her capacity asdeputy attorney general for a couple of hours following the resignation ofMerrick Garland at noon on January 20, 2025, pursuant to28 U.S.C. § 508, until her own resignation after a couple of hours of serving as acting attorney general withGary M. Restaino then serving as acting attorney general in his capacity asUnited States Attorney for theDistrict of Arizona, pursuant to Executive Order 14136 titled "Providing an Order of Succession Within the Department of Justice" that was signed by PresidentJoe Biden on January 3, 2025 and published in theFederal Register on January 13, 2025[31], for a few hours until PresidentDonald Trump signed an executive order naming DOJ Chief Administrative Hearing OfficerJames McHenry as acting attorney general later in the day on January 20, 2025.[32]
  20. ^Restaino served as acting attorney general in his capacity asUnited States Attorney for theDistrict of Arizona, pursuant to Executive Order 14136 titled "Providing an Order of Succession Within the Department of Justice" that was signed by PresidentJoe Biden on January 3, 2025 and published in theFederal Register on January 13, 2025[31], for a few hours following the resignation ofMerrick Garland as attorney general at noon on January 20, 2025 and the subsequent resignation ofLisa Monaco as acting attorney general a couple of hours after the resignation of Garland as attorney general. PresidentDonald Trump signed an executive order naming DOJ Chief Administrative Hearing OfficerJames McHenry as acting attorney general later in the day on January 20, 2025.[33]

References

[edit]
  1. ^"3 U.S. Code § 19 – Vacancy in offices of both President and Vice President; officers eligible to act".Archived from the original on December 26, 2018. RetrievedNovember 7, 2018.
  2. ^5 U.S.C. § 5312.
  3. ^"Executive Senior Level".U.S. Office of Personnel Management.Archived from the original on May 23, 2025. RetrievedMay 12, 2025.
  4. ^abcHerz, Michael (2002)."Washington, Patton, Schwarzkopf and ... Ashcroft?".Constitutional Commentary.Archived from the original on May 31, 2019. RetrievedMay 31, 2019.
  5. ^abGarner, Bryan A. (May 2013)."LawProse Lesson #116: What's the plural form of attorney general? And what is the plural possessive?".Above the Law. RetrievedMay 31, 2019.[permanent dead link]
  6. ^Judiciary Act of 1789, section 35.
  7. ^Cabinets and Counselors: The President and the Executive Branch (1997).Congressional Quarterly. p. 87.
  8. ^"Department of Justice | Office of the Attorney General | United States Department of Justice".www.justice.gov. December 6, 2022.Archived from the original on February 8, 2025. RetrievedFebruary 7, 2025.
  9. ^"28 U.S. Code § 518 - Conduct and argument of cases".LII / Legal Information Institute.Archived from the original on February 8, 2025. RetrievedFebruary 7, 2025.
  10. ^"28 U.S. Code § 519 - Supervision of litigation".LII / Legal Information Institute.Archived from the original on February 8, 2025. RetrievedFebruary 7, 2025.
  11. ^Gerstein, Josh (January 17, 2017)."Trump will allow U.S. attorneys to stay past Friday".POLITICO.Archived from the original on July 25, 2019. RetrievedJuly 25, 2019.
  12. ^Horwitz, Sari (January 30, 2017)."Who is Sally Yates? Meet the acting attorney general Trump fired for 'betraying' the Justice Department".Washington Post.Archived from the original on November 29, 2020. RetrievedJuly 25, 2019.
  13. ^abStern, Laurence; Johnson, Haynes (May 1, 1973)."3 Top Nixon Aides, Kleindienst Out; President Accepts Full Responsibility; Richardson Will Conduct New Probe".The Washington Post.Archived from the original on March 1, 2019. RetrievedFebruary 28, 2019.
  14. ^Staff reporter (February 21, 1993)."Stuart Gerson's Parting Shot".The New York Times. RetrievedDecember 12, 2008.As supporters of the Brady gun-control bill prepare to introduce it in Congress yet again this week, they find a welcome, if unlikely, ally in Stuart Gerson, the Acting Attorney General. Because President Clinton has had so many problems finding a new Attorney General, Mr. Gerson remains in office ...
  15. ^Labaton, Stephen (January 25, 1993)."Notes on Justice; Who's in Charge? Bush Holdover Says He Is, but Two Clinton Men Differ".The New York Times. RetrievedDecember 12, 2008.
  16. ^abIfill, Gwen (March 12, 1993)."Reno Confirmed in Top Justice Job".The New York Times. RetrievedDecember 12, 2008.She will replace Acting Attorney General Stuart M. Gerson, a holdover appointee from the Bush Administration. Ms. Reno said he resigned today.
  17. ^Meyers, Steven Lee (August 27, 2007)."Embattled Attorney General Resigns".The New York Times.Archived from the original on May 10, 2013. RetrievedAugust 27, 2007.
  18. ^"President Bush Announces Judge Michael Mukasey as Nominee for Attorney General"Archived November 11, 2017, at theWayback Machine, White House press release, September 17, 2007
  19. ^"Bush Text on Attorney General Nomination".NewsOK.com.The Oklahoman.The Associated Press. September 17, 2007.Archived from the original on February 3, 2014. RetrievedSeptember 18, 2007.
  20. ^Eggen, Dan; Elizabeth Williamson (September 19, 2007)."Democrats May Tie Confirmation to Gonzales Papers".The Washington Post. pp. A10.Archived from the original on April 4, 2012. RetrievedSeptember 19, 2007.
  21. ^Perez, Evan; Diamond, Jeremy (January 30, 2017)."Trump fires acting AG after she declines to defend travel ban". CNN.Archived from the original on May 2, 2019. RetrievedMarch 12, 2018.
  22. ^"Executive Order 13762".Federal Register. January 19, 2017.
  23. ^Schleifer, Theodore (January 31, 2017)."New acting attorney general set for brief tenure".CNN.Archived from the original on June 26, 2025. RetrievedJune 26, 2025.
  24. ^Blitzer, Ronn (November 7, 2018)."Attorney General Jeff Sessions is Out. Here's What Could Happen Next".Law & Crime.Archived from the original on September 18, 2024. RetrievedSeptember 18, 2024.
  25. ^Katyal, Neal K. (November 8, 2018)."Opinion | Trump's Appointment of the Acting Attorney General Is Unconstitutional".The New York Times.Archived from the original on June 4, 2023. RetrievedNovember 15, 2018.
  26. ^Totenberg, Nina (November 12, 2018)."Maryland Says Matthew Whitaker Appointment As Acting Attorney General Is Unlawful".NPR.org.Archived from the original on November 16, 2018. RetrievedNovember 15, 2018.
  27. ^"Matthew Whitaker's Appointment as Acting Attorney General: Three Lingering Questions".Lawfare. November 8, 2018.Archived from the original on November 16, 2018. RetrievedNovember 15, 2018.
  28. ^Jarrett, Laura (November 14, 2018)."DOJ says Whitaker's appointment as acting attorney general is constitutional".CNN.Archived from the original on November 14, 2018. RetrievedNovember 15, 2018.
  29. ^"28 U.S. Code § 508 - Vacancies".Cornell Law School. October 19, 1977.Archived from the original on September 15, 2021. RetrievedAugust 6, 2025.
  30. ^"Trump's acting attorney general leaves without creating controversial special counsels".CNN. January 20, 2021.Archived from the original on January 20, 2021. RetrievedJanuary 20, 2021.
  31. ^abc"Executive Order 14136".Federal Register. January 13, 2025.
  32. ^"Trump taps longtime immigration official as acting attorney general".POLITICO. January 20, 2025.
  33. ^"Trump taps longtime immigration official as acting attorney general".POLITICO. January 20, 2025.Archived from the original on January 21, 2025. RetrievedJanuary 20, 2025.
  34. ^"U.S.C. Title 28 – JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE".www.gpo.gov.Archived from the original on June 15, 2018. RetrievedJune 14, 2018.
  35. ^"INITIAL RESCISSIONS OF HARMFUL EXECUTIVE ORDERS AND ACTIONS".White House. January 20, 2025.Archived from the original on January 21, 2025. RetrievedMay 21, 2025.
  36. ^LaGumina, Salvatore J.; Cavaioli, Frank J.; Primeggia, Salvatore; Varacalli, Joseph A. (September 2, 2003).The Italian American Experience: An Encyclopedia. Routledge.ISBN 978-1-135-58333-0.Archived from the original on December 24, 2024. RetrievedJune 6, 2024.
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U.S. order of precedence (ceremonial)
Preceded byasSecretary of DefenseOrder of precedence of the United States
as Attorney General		Succeeded byasSecretary of the Interior
U.S. presidential line of succession
Preceded by 7th in lineSucceeded by
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