34°5′52.19″N118°19′13.49″W / 34.0978306°N 118.3204139°W /34.0978306; -118.3204139
 6000 Sunset Boulevard in 2019, the former site of Western Studio | |
| Industry | Recording studio |
|---|---|
| Predecessor |
|
| Founded | 1961 (1961) in Los Angeles,California |
| Founder | Bill Putnam |
| Defunct | 1984 (1984) |
| Fate | Sold |
| Successor |
|
| Headquarters | Los Angeles, California ,U.S. |
Number of locations | 2 |
United Western Recorders was a two-building recording studio complex inHollywood that was one of the most successful independent recording studios of the 1960s. The complex merged neighboring studiosUnited Recording Corp. on 6050Sunset Boulevard andWestern Studio on 6000 Sunset Boulevard.
In 1984, United Western Recorders was renamed and succeeded byOcean Way Recording. Starting in 1999, the complex was divided into two establishments: Ocean Way Recording (now United Recording Studios) at 6050 Sunset and Cello Studios (nowEastWest Studios) at 6000 Sunset.
Some of the biggest hits of the 1960s were recorded at United Western. According to the bookTemples of Sound, "No other studio has won more technical excellence awards, and no studio has garnered as many Best Engineered Grammys".[1] Western's Studio 3 is considered iconic for its use byBrian Wilson forthe Beach Boys' albumsPet Sounds (1966) andSmile (unreleased).[2]
The complex's two buildings, United Recording and Western Studio, operated more or less independently despite being located only one block apart. United consisted of two large rooms; the larger United 'A' was approximately 45 × 65 × 22 feet, with United 'B' being slightly smaller. Western copied the layout of United, with the very large Western 1 and the somewhat smaller Western 2. Both buildings also had a third, smaller recording room, as well as several dubbing and mastering suites. The small rooms provided a sumptuous sound, with Western Studio 3, measuring just 34' × 15', beingBrian Wilson's preference.[3][4]
Prior to his move to California, Bill Putnam had founded theUniversal Recording Corporation studio in Chicago. A pioneer of modern recording technique, Putnam became known for hisUREI recording equipment and custom-madeUniversal Audio mixing consoles, which were bought by major recording studios. After relocating to Hollywood in 1957, and with the backing ofBing Crosby andFrank Sinatra, Putnam first established the United Recording Corp.[5] studio complex at 6050Sunset Boulevard inHollywood.[6] By 1958, Studio B was completed, including two reverb chambers. The facility grew to three recording studios, three mastering rooms, a mixdown room and a small-scale record manufacturing plant. The new studios were booked around the clock, busy with TV and movie voiceovers and soundtrack recordings as well as with popular artist's recordings.Hanna-Barbera used the studios to record voices forThe Flintstones;Ricky Nelson recordedPoor Little Fool, the first-everBillboardHot 100 #1 song in 1958 along albums such asRick Is 21 (1961), which includes songs like "Hello Mary Lou" and "Travelin' Man".
In 1961, Putnam purchased the neighboring Western Studio at 6000 Sunset, remodeling and incorporating the building into the complex.[7] The buildings were then renamed United Western Recorders,[8][9] and catered to some of the biggest artists of the era,[10] includingFrank Sinatra,[11]the Beach Boys, andElvis Presley.[12]
Putnam assembled a talented staff, some of whom became major names in their own right, such asBones Howe, John Haeny, Lee Hershberg,Chuck Britz, andWally Heider, one of the pioneers of mobile recording and later ofWally Heider Studios. United was initially favored by older artists such as Crosby, Sinatra,Nat King Cole, andRay Charles, as well as the young Fleetwoods, while Western soon became a favored recording venue for the new generation of pop-rock musicians and producers, such asSam Cooke, the Beach Boys,Phil Spector andthe Mamas & the Papas.
In the early sixties, Putnam scored a significant coup when major US record labels began to releasestereophonic recordings in large numbers. According to Allen Sides, when stereo first appeared in the late 1950s, the cost-conscious major labels were initially uninterested, feeling that the market for the new format was limited, and that stereo mixdowns were a waste of time and money. Putnam however foresaw the coming importance of stereo and, at his own expense, he began making simultaneous mono and stereo mixdowns, storing away the stereo versions of these recordings, which at the time were released only in mono. When stereo took off in the early sixties, Putnam had amassed a stockpile of more than two-and-a-half years' worth of stereo recordings by scores of major acts. The value of this stockpile can be estimated from Sides' statement that United Western was at this time bringing in around US$200,000 per month in studio billings—equivalent to perhaps US$1 million per month today. The major labels approached Putnam hoping to buy the stereo tape stockpile, but he struck a far more lucrative deal, in which the labels repaid him for the (far more expensive) studio time he had used in making the stereo mixes.[13]
In 1970, Jack Herschorn purchased the Universal Audio mixing console and other pro audio equipment from that studio, including Universal Audio LA-76A and LA-76B limiting amplifiers, Universal Audio vacuum tube power amplifiers (which were actually Dynakit Stereo 70 and 50-watt mono amplifier kits assembled into rack-mount chassis), Fairchild Conax sibilance controllers, Langevin graphic equalizers and Cinema Engineering filters, all originally installed in United Studio A in 1957. Herschorn had this equipment installed under the supervision of Charlie Richmond at Herschorn's Aragon Studios inVancouver,Canada. The studio would later becomeMushroom Studios.
In 1982,Eddie Van Halen purchased the UA console from Western Studio 2 and installed it in his personal 5150 Studio. TheVan Halen albums1984,5150, andOU812 were recorded using the console.
In 1984, Putnam sold the studio complex to Allen Sides, who renamed the buildingsOcean Way Recording, as they would both be known until 1999.[14]
In 1999, Sides sold the Western half of the complex to computer magnateRick Adams, who renamed itCello Studios. Cello Studios operated at the 6000 Sunset complex from 1999 to 2005.[15] During that period, the studios hosted high-profile rock artists such asBlink-182,Rage Against the Machine,Tool,System of a Down,Weezer,Muse,Red Hot Chili Peppers,Audioslave, andthe Mars Volta. Cello Studios closed in 2005.[15]
When Allen Sides sold Western to Rick Adams, the equipment inventory was also purchased from Ocean Way Recording, including a collection of rare vintage microphones, as well as vintageoutboard gear including valuable studio effects units such as theFairchild 670 limiters, no longer made, which were a crucial element of the sound of many classic pop recordings of the Fifties and Sixties. While the building was modified to accommodate the new facility's needs, the studios themselves have not been altered since Putnam's original design. During this period, the studio played host to artists such asAlanis Morissette,Natalie Merchant,Elton John,R.E.M.,Bette Midler,Barenaked Ladies,Stone Temple Pilots,Matthew Sweet,Mötley Crüe,Green Day,Vonray andBlink-182.
At the beginning of 2006, Cello Studios (originally Western) was purchased byEastWest Sounds producer Doug Rogers and renamedEastWest Studios. Rogers extensively remodeled the non-technical areas of the studio complex with designer Philippe Starck, but the studios themselves, with their untouched acoustics, remain as originally built by Putnam in the 1960s and continue to operate to this day. Since 2012 EastWest Studios has racked up 130 Grammy nominations, more than any other recording studio in the world.[16]
In 2013, Ocean Way Recording was sold toHudson Pacific Properties, and in 2015 it was renamed back to United Recording Studios.[17]
Frank Sinatra made hisReprise recordings—including hits like "It Was a Very Good Year", "That's Life"—in United A, and "Strangers in the Night"—in Western 1, and his Reprise records offices were located upstairs.Ray Charles cut his country-soul crossover hit "I Can't Stop Loving You" and the LPModern Sounds in Country and Western Music at United B. As well as the classicPet Sounds, Western 3 was the venue for the recording of many other chart-topping pop hits, includingthe Mamas & the Papas' "California Dreamin'" and "Monday, Monday",the Grass Roots' "Let's Live for Today" and "Midnight Confessions"[18] and "Hair" bythe Cowsills. As well as those mentioned above, other artists who have recorded there includeBlondie,Elvis Presley,Bobby Vee,the 5th Dimension,the Righteous Brothers,Barbra Streisand,Petula Clark,Ella Fitzgerald,Whitney Houston,Dean Martin,Sammy Davis Jr.,the Rolling Stones,Elton John,Tom Petty,R.E.M.,k.d. lang,Madonna,Rod Stewart,Glen Campbell,Eric Clapton,Bonnie Raitt andWalter Wanderley.[19]
Many film and television theme songs have been recorded in the studios at 6000 Sunset. The theme songs forHawaii Five-O,[20]The Partridge Family,[21]The Beverly Hillbillies, andGreen Acres were all recorded at Western Recorders.[22]
Authority control databases: Geographic |
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