United Kingdom Global Navigation Satellite System

Country/ies of origin	United Kingdom
Operator(s)	UK Space Agency, part ofHM Government
Type	Military, civilian
Status	Reset into new programme
Coverage	Global
Orbital characteristics
Regime	proposed:Medium Earth orbit
Other details
Cost	projected:£5 bn[1][2][3]

TheUnited Kingdom Global Navigation Satellite System (UK GNSS) was aUnited Kingdom Space Agency research programme which, between May 2018 and September 2020, developed outline proposals for a UK-owned and operated conventionalsatellite navigation system, as a British alternative to the European Union'sGalileo system. The main motivation was to provide a national and independent system, to ensure UK security following its withdrawal from the EU as a result ofBrexit. The programme was supported by theMinistry of Defence.

In September 2020, the UK GNSS programme concluded; it was relaunched as a new entity, the United Kingdom Space Based Positioning, Navigation and Timing Programme (UK SBPNTP).

With the now universal reliance on the output provided bysatellite navigation systems in many aspects of everyday life, in both private and commercial sectors, along with critical uses bymilitary,maritime, andemergency services, continued and reliable access to such navigation systems is vital for the United Kingdom. An earlier study by the UK government warned that sustained disruption to a reliable satellite navigation could cost the British economy £1 billion per day.^[4]

The United Kingdom Global Navigation Satellite System was first discussed by the UK government in May 2018,^[4][5] after the European Union told the United Kingdom that it would no longer have full access to theGalileo system,^[3] nor be able to use its encrypted secure component (known as the Public Regulated Service, which is only accessible to the military, emergency services, and government agencies).^[1][2][6] The UK's exclusion from Galileo was due to thewithdrawal of the UK from the EU. Prior to leaving, the UK had contributed more than £1.2 billion towards Galileo, together with providing technology.^[3] One suggested name for the new UK system was "Newton", after the Englishmathematician and scientistSir Isaac Newton.^[2][3][7]

The UK GNSS was run by theUnited Kingdom Space Agency (UKSA).^[3][8]Satellites would be launched intoMedium Earth orbit from the proposedspaceport in Sutherland, Scotland, using a vertical launch platform.^[9][10] The first launches would be in 2025, with the United Kingdom GNSS planned to be fully operational by 2030.^[1] In 2019, it was estimated that the cost of the project would be £5 billion.^[1][2][3]

The United Kingdom government said that it wanted its GNSS to be openly compatible with the United States of America's Global Positioning System (GPS), and theFive Eyes intelligence alliance. The USA, and the other Five Eyes nations, contributed expertise to assist the planning and construction, and in exchange, these nations would gain access to the United Kingdom's GNSS encrypted area after it was launched.^[11][12][13]

In November 2019, the United Kingdom's Space Trade Association released a United Kingdom Space Manifesto, in which they state "the UK's post-Brexit participation in a new global satellite navigation system must be secured".^[14][15]

In July 2020, the United Kingdom government and India'sBharti Enterprises were successful in a joint bid to purchase the bankruptOneWeb satellite communications company, with the UK paying £400 million (US$500 million) for a 45% stake. As a result of further investment in OneWeb from companies includingSoftBank Group,Hughes Network Systems, andHanwha Group, the UK government's stake was reduced to less than 20%.^[16][17] The UK government was considering whether the OneWebLow Earth orbit satellite constellation could in future provide a form of GNSS service in addition to its primary purpose of fastsatellite broadband.^[18] If successful, an ongoing merger between OneWeb and French satellite operatorEutelsat,^[19] which is partly state-owned throughBpifrance, would result in both UK and French government representation on the board of the resulting company.^[20] Analysts speculated that this could mean greater collaboration between the UK and EU with regards to satellite technology.^[21]

On 24 September 2020, the UK government announced that the UK GNSS programme would be replaced with a new project – the Space Based Positioning, Navigation and Timing Programme – which would explore innovative ways to provide satellite navigation services to the UK, building on findings from the concluded UK GNSS programme.^[22] The UK government had allocated £90 million to developing the proposals.^[10][23][24]

• United Kingdom Space Command
• GNSS applications
• GNSS augmentation
• Automotive navigation system
• European Space Agency

• Andreou, Alex (30 June 2020)."UK's rival to Galileo: a Brexit farce".BylineTimes.com. Byline Times. Retrieved4 October 2020.
• Gutierrez, Peter (30 November 2020)."The rocky road to a UK GNSS".InsideGNSS.com.Inside GNSS.

• Satellite navigation systems
• Space programme of the United Kingdom
• 2018 establishments in England
• 2020 disestablishments in England

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