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Unified All-Russian Sports Classification (Russian:Единая всероссийская спортивная классификация) is a system which regulates the Russian physical education system requirements for both athletes and coaches.
In the Soviet period Unified Sports Classification System of the USSR (Russian:Единая Всесоюзная спортивная классификация) existed. SeveralWarsaw Pact states developed their own versions of the system.Russia, otherpost-Soviet republics, and allied states have continued their own versions of the system.
The first Unified Sports Classification System in modern Russia was introduced in 1994, it was designed for the period until 1996.[1] For summer sports, the USCS 2014–2017 is in effect, for winter sports the USCS 2015–2018.
The USCS is the only regulatory document that determines the procedure for assigning official sports titles and ranks and the requirements for athletes applying for these titles. The USCS is formed in accordance with the All-Russian Register of Sports and the list of sports recognized by theMinistry of Sports of the Russian Federation.
The USCS defines the standards that an athlete must meet to receive a title. The EVSK also establishes the conditions under which these standards must be met: the level of competition, the qualifications of judges, the level of opponents. The requirements are set individually for each sport, taking into account both its specifics and the level of development of this sport in the Russian Federation.
The USCS is developed and adopted for a period of four years. Several editions of the USCS may be in effect simultaneously if they define requirements for different sports.A new sports title calledMerited Master of Sport of Russia was created by theRussian government in 2007 to replace the previous one.[2]
The classification was established in 1935 and was based on separate classifications, which existed for several sports disciplines before. Starting in 1949, it was revised every four years, the period, which corresponded to theOlympic cycle, to reflect new standards for the physical training. The document contained test standards, principles and conditions, necessary for the conferment of sports ranks and titles, for all sports, cultivated in theUSSR.As of the 1970s, there were following ranks for athletes of the USSR (listed in descending order of value):
Each of these titles was awarded only for results on the official competitions. Athletes who qualified for the rank were awarded a badge with serial number.[citation needed]
This system was popular among Soviet satellite states and was used in Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Poland, and Romania until the breakup of the USSR in 1991.[3] Russia continued the system, and formerSoviet republicsBelarus,Moldova,Kazakhstan,Kyrgyzstan,Tajikistan,Ukraine andUzbekistan also maintain a similar or identical ranking system. InMongolia,Honored Athletes (Mongolian:гавьяат тамирчин) have been recognized since 1960.[4] InAlbania, theSports titles system was established in 1967.[5]
The title ofMerited Master of Sport of the USSR was awarded to a select number of foreigners.[citation needed]
On 30 January 1952, the titleMerited Master of Sport of the USSR was awarded toAgustín Gómez Pagóla,[6] who was born inSpain and started to playfootball there, but moved to the USSR during theSpanish Civil War in 1937, and played forTorpedo Moscow in 1947–1954,[7] being theteam captain in 1951–1953.[8]
In 1972, to mark the 50th anniversary of the establishment of the Soviet Union, this title was awarded to the following prominent athletes from Soviet-aligned nations:[9]
Maria Gigova (world champion inrhythmic gymnastics)
András Balczó (modern pentathlon,Hungarian Sportsman of the Year in 1966, 1968, 1969)
Karin Janz (1972 Olympic champion inartistic gymnastics)
Ri Ho-jun (1972 Olympic champion inshooting)
Teófilo Stevenson (1972 Olympic champion inboxing) (he later won in 1976 and 1980 also)
Khorloogiin Bayanmönkh (1972 world champion infreestyle wrestling)
Włodzimierz Lubański (1972 Olympic champion infootball)
Nicolae Martinescu (1972 Olympic champion inwrestling)
Ondrej Nepela (1972 Olympic champion infigure skating)
Under the Soviet system, titles were awarded to coaches based on national and international success. Significant International success broughtMerited Coach of the USSR while national success was rewarded withMerited Coach of one of the Soviet republics.
Merited Coach of the USSR (Russian:Заслуженный тренер СССР)
Merited Coach of theUzbek SSR (Russian:Заслуженный тренер Узбекской ССР)
Merited Coach of theGeorgian SSR (Russian:заслуженный тренер Грузинской ССР)The same system is in place today for most of the former Soviet republics as well. For example,
Merited Coach of Russia (Russian:Заслуженный тренер России)
Merited Coach of Ukraine (Ukrainian:Заслужений тренер України)
Merited Coach of Uzbekistan (Uzbek:Ўзбекистон Республикасида хизмат кўрсатган спорт устози)Since 2007, a few foreign coaches have been awarded the title ofMerited Coach of Russia for their roles in the development of sports in Russia:
2007:David Blatt, coach of the Russian men's basketball team, champions, 2007 European Championships
2008:Giovanni Caprara, coach of the Russian women's volleyball team, champions, 2006 European Championships
2008:Dick Advocaat, football, head coach ofZenit St. Petersburg, champions,2007–08 UEFA Cup and2008 UEFA Super Cup 2013:Guus Hiddink, football, coach of Russian national team, bronze medalists,2008 European Championships
2013:Oleg Znarok, hockey, head coach ofDynamo Moscow, champions,2011/2012Gagarin Cup
2013:Harijs Vītoliņš, hockey, assistant coach ofDynamo Moscow, champions,2012/2013Gagarin Cup.jpg)
The title ofHonored Judge of Russia may be given to sport judges and referees who have reached the level of "All-Russian Sports Official" and have distinguished careers of officiating to their credit.[citation needed]