Ugrin Csák | |
|---|---|
| Archbishop-elect of Esztergom | |
| See | Esztergom |
| Appointed | 1204 |
| Term ended | 1204 |
| Predecessor | Job |
| Successor | Kalán Bár-Kalán elected |
| Other posts | Bishop of Zagreb (?) Bishop of Győr |
| Personal details | |
| Died | 1204 (1205) |
| Buried | Esztergom |
| Nationality | Hungarian |
| Parents | comes Ugrin (?) |
Ugrin from the kindred Csák (Hungarian:Csák nembeli Ugrin; died 1204) was a Hungarianprelate at the turn of the 12th and 13th centuries, who served asBishop of Győr from 1188 to 1204, then brieflyArchbishop-elect of Esztergom in 1204.
Ugrin was born into thegens (clan) Csák. According to theGesta Hunnorum et Hungarorum ("Deeds of the Huns and Hungarians"), the ancestor of the kindred was Szabolcs, son of chieftainElőd, the leader of one of the sevenMagyar tribes, who participated in theHungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin in the late 9th century.[1] Accordingly, Szabolcs' grandson was Csák, founder of the namesake clan and contemporary of Grand PrinceGéza, then KingStephen I. HistorianGyula Kristó proposed that Ugrin was presumably the son of thatcomes Ugrin, who owned theVértesszentkereszt Abbey in theVértes Hills in 1146.[2] HistorianPál Engel considered, Ugrin belonged to the Kisfalud branch of thegens Csák.[3] In hislast will and testament in 1231, Nicholas Csák, who served asispán of various counties in the first half of the 13th century, referred to Ugrin as hisfrater, literally "brother", but it most likely means "uncle" in this context.[4]
A non-authentic charter styled himBishop-elect of Zagreb in 1175, whenProdanus held the dignity in that period.[5] Historian Attila Zsoldos analyzed the document in detail and revealed the contradictions between archontological data, which still exist despite that historiographical efforts which tried to correct the charter's date to 1183 or 1185.[6] The forgery, which was written in the name of KingBéla III, incorrectly refers to Prodanus as a deceased person, while other dates are incompatible with each other. Thus Ugrin's role as Bishop of Zagreb can not be proven.[7]
From 1188 (according to authentic charters only from 1192), Ugrin served as Bishop of Győr.[8] In the summer of 1189, Germancrusaders marched through Hungary under the command ofFrederick I, Holy Roman Emperor. Béla III welcomed Frederick inEsztergom, and dispatched a troop of 2,000 soldiers led by Ugrin Csák to escort the crusaders across theBalkan Peninsula. At Frederick's request, Béla released his imprisoned brother,Géza, who joined the crusaders and left Hungary. In November, Béla countermanded Ugrin and his Hungarian crusaders fromNiš, because he did not want to confront with his son-in-law, EmperorIsaac II Angelos, while Géza and his small escort remained in the crusader army. Consequently, Ugrin and sixispáns returned to Hungary.[9][10] As bishop, Ugrin significantly expanded and rebuilt the monastery of Vértesszentkereszt. He hired church architects from Esztergom andKalocsa to renovate and expand its walls and plinth, combining theRomanesque andGothic art elements.[2]
After the death of Béla III, Ugrin was the staunchest supporter of his successorEmeric,[11] whose whole reign was characterized byhis struggles against his rebellious younger brother, DukeAndrew.[9] Ugrin was the leader of the "royalist party" during the conflicts of the two brothers, according to historian James Ross Sweeney.[12]Pope Celestine III urged Ugrin to stay in the king's faithfulness, when Andrew forced Emeric to make him ruler ofCroatia and Dalmatia asappanage. On 30 December 1198,Pope Innocent III ordered ArchbishopSaul Győr of Kalocsa, bishops Ugrin Csák of Győr andDominic of Zagreb to investigate the inauguration of the pro-Andrew archbishops of the Dalmatian dioceses ofSplit (Spalato) andZadar (Zára), who were formerlyexcommunicated by Pope Celestine, but Andrew arbitrarily appointed them to their dignities.[13] At the end of 1199, Emeric called Ugrin as one of his "most loyal prelates" in his letter to Pope Innocent, who sponsored Emeric's efforts and forbade the Hungarian prelates and clergymen toexcommunicate the king's supporters, including Ugrin (as some bishops, includingKalán Bár-Kalán andBoleslaus, were partisans of Duke Andrew). Ugrin was grantedMihályi by Emeric in 1198. The village later became seat of the Kisfalud branch and its descendants, the Nagymihályi and Csáki (or Csáky) de Mihály families. In 1201, the king donated the village of Szántó nearBodajk to Ugrin. His all assets were inherited by his nephew (or brother) Nicholas Csák.[9] When Emeric accused, in 1203, Kalán Bár-Kalán not of murdering his father (Béla III) but of maintaining an illicit relationship with his own niece, the skeptic Pope Innocent secretly entrusted Ugrin to investigate the truth of the allegations. Ugrin and five other bishops conducted a process, which cleared Kalán from the charges in early 1204.[14]
ArchbishopJob of Esztergom died on 1 February 1204. Emeric, who intended to go on a pilgrimage to theHoly Land, did not want to leave his country in uncertainty. Having fallen seriously ill, Emeric wanted to ensure the succession of his four-year-old son,Ladislaus. The archbishops of Esztergom customary claimed thecoronations for themselves. On 24 April 1204, Ugrin was styled as Archbishop-elect of Esztergom by Pope Innocent.[15] He is the first holder of the dignity, whose family relationships and kindred is known. The pope authorized him to crown Ladislaus and to invalidate the ill Emeric's pilgrimage oath.[9] However, Ladislaus III was crowned on 26 August 1204 byJohn, Archbishop of Kalocsa, which fact suggests that Ugrin died suddenly not long before that date.[16][17] His red marble tomb was excavated by archaeologists in the 19th century.[18]
Ugrin Born: ? Died: 1204 | ||
| Catholic Church titles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by | Bishop of Győr 1188–1204 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | Archbishop of Esztergom elected 1204 | Succeeded by Kalán Bár-Kalán elected |
