_August_23_1935.jpg) USSSalt Lake City (CA-25), over head underway, 23 August 1935. | |
| History | |
|---|---|
 United States | |
| Name | Salt Lake City |
| Namesake | City ofSalt Lake City, Utah |
| Ordered | 18 December 1924 |
| Awarded |
|
| Builder | New York Shipbuilding Corporation,Camden, New Jersey |
| Cost | $8,673,833 (limit of cost) |
| Laid down | 9 June 1927 |
| Launched | 23 January 1929 |
| Sponsored by | Miss Helen Budge |
| Commissioned | 11 December 1929 |
| Decommissioned | 29 August 1946 |
| Reclassified | CA-25, 1 July 1931 |
| Stricken | 18 June 1948 |
| Identification |
|
| Nickname(s) | "Swayback Maru" |
| Honors and awards | |
| Fate | Sunk as target on 25 May 1948, 130 miles off the Southern California coast |
| Notes |
|
| General characteristics (as built)[1] | |
| Class and type | Pensacola-classcruiser |
| Displacement | 9,100 long tons (9,246 t) (standard) |
| Length | |
| Beam | 65 ft 3 in (19.89 m) |
| Draft |
|
| Installed power |
|
| Propulsion |
|
| Speed | 32.7 kn (37.6 mph; 60.6 km/h) |
| Range | 10,000 nmi (12,000 mi; 19,000 km) at 15 kn (17 mph; 28 km/h) |
| Capacity | 1,500 short tons (1,400 t)fuel oil |
| Complement | 87 officers 576 enlisted |
| Sensors and processing systems | CXAM radar from 1940[2] |
| Armament |
|
| Armor |
|
| Aircraft carried | 4 ×floatplanes |
| Aviation facilities | 2 ×Amidshipcatapults |
| General characteristics (1942)[3] | |
| Armament |
|
| General characteristics (1945)[3] | |
| Armament |
|
USSSalt Lake City (CL/CA-25) of theUnited States Navy was aPensacola-classcruiser, later reclassified as aheavy cruiser, sometimes known as "Swayback Maru" or "Old Swayback". She had 11 battle stars for the eleven engagements she participated in. She was also the first ship to be named afterSalt Lake City, Utah.
She waslaid down on 9 June 1927, by theAmerican Brown Boveri Electric Corporation, a subsidiary of theNew York Shipbuilding Corporation,[4] atCamden, New Jersey;launched on 23 January 1929, sponsored byHelen Budge,[5][6] a granddaughter of leadingMormon missionaryWilliam Budge; and commissioned on 11 December 1929, at thePhiladelphia Navy Yard, CaptainFrederick Lansing Oliver in command.[7]
Salt Lake City departed Philadelphia on 20 January 1930, for shakedown trials off theMaine coast. She began her first extended cruise on 10 February; visitedGuantánamo Bay, Cuba;Culebra,Virgin Islands;Rio de Janeiro andBahia, Brazil; then returned to Guantanamo Bay, where—on 31 March—she joined Cruiser Division 2 (CruDiv 2) of theScouting Force. With this division, she operated along the New England coast until 12 September, when she was reassigned to CruDiv 5.Salt Lake City then operated offNew York City,Cape Cod, andChesapeake Bay through 1931.[7]
Originally CL-25, effective 1 July 1931,Salt Lake City was redesignated CA-25 in accordance with the provisions of theLondon Naval Treaty of 1930.
Early in 1932,Salt Lake City—withChicago andLouisville—steamed to the West Coast for fleet maneuvers. They arrived atSan Pedro, California, on 7 March, and following the scheduled exercises, were reassigned to thePacific Fleet.Salt Lake City visitedPearl Harbor in January–February 1933; and, in September, she was attached to CruDiv 4. From October 1933-January 1934, she underwent overhaul at thePuget Sound Naval Shipyard; then resumed duty with CruDiv 4. In May, she sailed for New York to participate in theFleet Review and returned to San Pedro on 18 December.[7]
Through 1935,Salt Lake City ranged the West Coast fromSan Diego toSeattle. In the first months of 1936, she conducted extensive gunnery exercises atSan Clemente Island, and on 27 April departed San Pedro to participate in combined surface-subsurface operations atBalboa, Panama Canal Zone.Salt Lake City returned to San Pedro on 15 June and resumed West Coast operations until sailing forHawaii on 25 April 1937. She returned to the West Coast on 20 May.[7]
Her next extended cruise began on 13 January 1939, when she departed for theCaribbean, via thePanama Canal. During the next three months, she visitedPanama,Colombia, the Virgin Islands,Trinidad, Cuba, andHaiti; returning to San Pedro on 7 April. From 12 October 1939 – 25 June 1940, she cruised between Pearl Harbor,Wake, andGuam, utilizing the services ofVestal while at Pearl Harbor. In August 1941, she visitedBrisbane,Queensland,Australia.[7]
On 7 December 1941, when theUnited States was brought intoWorld War II by the Japaneseattack on Pearl Harbor,Salt Lake City—under the command of Capt.Ellis M. Zacharias—was with theEnterprise task group 200 nmi (230 mi; 370 km) west of Pearl Harbor, returning fromWake Island, when they received word of the attack. The group immediately launched scouting planes in hopes of catching possible stragglers from the Japanese force, but the search proved fruitless. The ships entered Pearl Harbor toward sundown on the 8th.[7]
After a tedious night refueling, they sortied before dawn to hunt submarines north of the islands. Submarines were encountered on the 10th-11th. The first—I-70—was sunk by dive bombers fromEnterprise; the second—sighted ahead of the group on the surface—was engaged with gunfire bySalt Lake City as the ships maneuvered to avoid torpedoes. Screening destroyers made numerous depth charge runs, but no kill was confirmed. Operations against a third contact brought similar results. The group returned to Pearl Harbor on 15 December to refuel.[7]
Salt Lake City operated with Task Force 8 (TF 8) until 23 December, covering Oahu and supporting the task force strike that was planned to relieve beleaguered Wake Island. After Wake fell,Salt Lake City's group moved to cover the reinforcement of Midway and then Samoa.[7]
In February,Enterprise's task force carried outair strikes in the eastern Marshalls atWotje,Maloelap, andKwajalein to reduce enemy seaplane bases. While conducting shore bombardment during those strikes,Salt Lake City came under air attack and assisted in downing two Japanese bombers. In March, she supported air strikes atMarcus Island.
In April, she escorted TF 16, which launched theDoolittle Raid onTokyo and other Japanese cities, and returned to Pearl Harbor on 25 April. Orders awaited the ships to sail as soon as possible to join theYorktown andLexington forces in theCoral Sea. Although the task force moved fast, it had only reached a point some 450 mi (390 nmi; 720 km) east ofTulagi by 8 May, the day of theBattle of the Coral Sea. What followed was essentially a retirement, andSalt Lake City operated as cover with her group; on the 11th off theNew Hebrides, and from the 12th-16th eastward fromEfate and Santa Cruz. On 16 May, she was ordered back to Pearl Harbor and arrived there 10 days later.[7]
%2c_USS_Pensacola_(CA-24)_and_USS_New_Orleans_(CA-32)_at_Pearl_Harbor_on_31_October_1943.jpg)
The carrier groups began intensive preparations to meet the expected Japanese thrust atMidway Atoll. During the battle, early in June,Salt Lake City provided rear guard protection for the islands.[7]
From August–October 1942,Salt Lake City was in the south Pacific to support the campaign to seize and holdGuadalcanal. She escortedWasp during the landings of 7–8 August and subsequent operations.
Salt Lake City protectedWasp as she shuttled planes forSaratoga andEnterprise, and providedCombat Air Patrol (CAP) and scouting patrols during the landings.Salt Lake City was withWasp on 15 September when the carrier was torpedoed by Japanese submarines and sunk. She assisted in rescue operations for survivors, and took on board others who had been picked up byLardner.[7]
The campaign in the Solomons had developed into a grim struggle requiring the US Navy to commit heavy and light cruisers to savage night battles. On the night of 11–12 October in theBattle of Cape Esperance.TF 64 was formed aroundSalt Lake City,Boise,Helena, andSan Francisco to attack the "Tokyo Express", a steady flow of Japanese vessels maintaining reinforcement and resupply to Guadalcanal. The force was not considered large enough to get involved with a major Japanese covering force; they were interested primarily in inflicting maximum damage to the transports. They arrived off Espiritu Santo on 7 October, and for two days steamed near Guadalcanal and waited. Land-based search-plane reports came in that an enemy force was steaming downThe Slot; that night, TF 64 moved to the vicinity of Savo Island to intercept it.[7]
Search planes were ordered launched from the cruisers, but in the process of launching,Salt Lake City′s plane caught fire as flares ignited in the cockpit. The plane crashed close to the ship and the pilot managed to get free. He was later found safe on a nearby island. The brilliant fire was seen in the darkness by the Japanese flag officers, who assumed that it was a signal flare from the landing force which they were sent to protect. The Japanese flagship answered with blinker light. Despite receiving no reply, they continued to signal. The American force formed a battle line at right angles to the Japanese T-formation, and thus were able toenfilade the enemy ships. The American cruisers opened fire and continued scoring hits for a full seven minutes before the confused Japanese realized what was taking place. They had believed that their own forces were taking them under fire. When the Japanese warships replied, their fire was too little and too late. The action was over in half an hour. One Japanese cruiser, theFurutaka, sank; the flagship cruiserAoba was severely damaged and required several months of repairs; a third cruiser,Kinugasa, was lightly damaged; and the destroyerFubuki was sunk. Only a single destroyer of the five-ship force escaped damage. Of the American ships,Salt Lake City sustained three major hits during the action;Boise was severely damaged but managed to rejoin the group under her own power; andDuncan was left gutted offSavo Island. The ships formed up and steamed toEspiritu Santo.[7]
Salt Lake City spent the next four months at Pearl Harbor undergoing repairs and replenishing. Late in March 1943, she departed for theAleutian Islands and operated fromAdak Island to prevent the Japanese from supporting their garrisons onAttu andKiska. Operating in TF 8,Salt Lake City was accompanied byRichmond and four destroyers when they made contact on 26 March with some Japanese transports,[7] escorted by the heavy cruisersNachi andMaya, the light cruisersTama andAbukuma, and four destroyers, led by Vice Admiral Boshiro Hosogaya[8] leading to theBattle of the Komandorski Islands.
_in_action_during_the_Battle_of_the_Komandorski_Islands_on_26_March_1943_(80-G-73827).jpg)
Believing that easy pickings were in store, the American warships formed up and closed the range. Two transports fled for safety as the Japanese warships turned to engage. The American group was outgunned and outnumbered, but pressed on and made a course change in hopes of getting a shot at the transports before the escorts could intervene. There was also a possibility that the Japanese would split their force and thatSalt Lake City andRichmond could tackle a portion of them on more equal terms.[7]
The opposing cruisers simultaneously opened fire at a range of 20,000 yd (18,000 m). The ensuing battle was a retiring action on the part of the Americans, for the Japanese foiled their attempt to get to the auxiliaries.Salt Lake City received most of the attention and soon received two hits, one of them amidships, mortally wounding two men, but she responded with very accurate fire. Her rudder stops were carried away, limiting her to 10° course changes. The starboardseaplane caught fire and was jettisoned. Another hit soon flooded forward compartments. Under cover of a thick smoke screen and aggressive torpedo attacks by the destroyers, the American cruisers were able to make an evasive turn, which for a while allowed the range to open.Salt Lake City soon began taking hits again and her boiler fires died one by one. Salt water had entered the fuel oil feed lines. There was now cause for grave concern; she lay dead in the water, and the Japanese ships were closing fast. Luckily, she was hidden in the smoke, and the enemy was not aware of her plight.[7][9]
The destroyers charged the Japanese cruisers and began to draw the fire away from the damagedSalt Lake City.[7]Bailey suffered two 8 in (200 mm) hits while launching a spread of five torpedoes at long range.[citation needed] In the meantime,Salt Lake City′s engineers purged the fuel lines and fired the boilers. With fresh oil supplying the fires, she built up steam and gained headway. Suddenly, the Japanese began to withdraw.[7] This was due to the combination of the Japanese having intercepted demands for air support from the American forces, and the mistaken belief that the high explosive shells being fired in desperation by the American cruisers were air-dropped bombs.[10] The Japanese forces were also fast exhausting their ammunition and fuel. They did not suspect that the Americans were in far worse shape in terms of both ammunition and fuel.[7][11]
Despite being outnumbered two to one, the Americans succeeded in their purpose. The Japanese attempt to reinforce their bases in the Aleutians had failed and they turned tail and headed home.Salt Lake City later covered the American liberation of Attu and Kiska which ended the Aleutian Campaign. She departed Adak on 23 September and sailed, via San Francisco, to Pearl Harbor where she arrived on 14 October.[7]
The Allied offensive strategy in the Pacific now focused on the Marshall Islands. A two-column thrust through Micronesia and theBismarck Archipelago would force the enemy to disperse his forces, deny him the opportunity for a flanking movement, and provide the Allies with the choice of where and when to strike next. To obtain adequate intelligence for planning the Marshalls operation, theGilbert Islands would have to be secured for use as astaging area and launch point for photographic missions.Salt Lake City was assigned toTask Group 50.3 (TG 50.3) of theSouthern Carrier Group for the Gilbert Islands Campaign,Operation Galvanic.[7]
Salt Lake City conducted rigorous gunnery training until 8 November, when she sailed to joinEssex,Bunker Hill, andIndependence which had carried out preliminary strikes on Wake, as a diversion on 5–6 October, and atRabaul on 11 November.Salt Lake City joined on the 13th offFunafuti,Ellice Islands, following the carriers' fueling rendezvous at Espiritu Santo. She then saw action on the 19th as she bombardedBetio atTarawa Atoll, in the Gilberts. That day and the next, she fought off repeated torpedo plane attacks aimed for the flattops. Tarawa was secured by the 28th. This was the first Pacific amphibious operation to be vigorously opposed at the beach, and many lessons were learned here to be applied in the island campaigns to follow.[7]
Salt Lake City was attached to theNeutralization Group—TG 50.15—for the long-awaited Marshalls Campaign. From 29 January-17 February 1944, she conducted shore bombardment at Wotje andTaroa islands which were bypassed and cut off from support as the major forces concentrated onMajuro,Eniwetok, and Kwajalein. This leapfrog technique worked well and eliminated the needless casualties that would result in mopping up every Japanese-held island. On 30 March–1 April,Salt Lake City participated in raids onPalau,Yap,Ulithi, andWoleai in the westernCaroline Islands archipelago. The cruiser anchored at Majuro on 6 April and remained until 25 April, when she sailed—unescorted—for Pearl Harbor.[7]
Salt Lake City arrived at Pearl Harbor on 30 April and sailed the next day forMare Island Naval Shipyard. She arrived on 7 May and operated in the San Francisco Bay area until 1 July. She then proceeded to Adak, Alaska arriving on the 8th. In the Aleutians, her operations, including a scheduled bombardment atParamushiro were curtailed by severe weather, and she returned to Pearl Harbor on 13 August.[7]
Salt Lake City sortied withPensacola andMonterey on 29 August to attack Wake Island. They shelled that island on 3 September, and then proceeded to Eniwetok to remain until the 24th. The cruisers then moved to Saipan for patrol duty after which, on 6 October, they proceeded to Marcus Island to create a diversion in connection with raids on Formosa. They shelled Marcus on 9 September and returned to Saipan.[7]
In October, during the secondBattle of the Philippine Sea,Salt Lake City returned to screen and support duty with the carrier strike groups against Japanese bases and surface craft. Based at Ulithi, she supported the carriers between 15 and 26 October. From 8 November 1944 – 25 January 1945, she operated with CruDiv 5, TF 54, in bombardment against theVolcano Islands to neutralize airfields through which the Japanesestaged bombing raids on theB-29 Superfortresses based at Saipan. These raids were coordinated withB-24 Liberator strikes. In February, she operated in the Gunfire and Covering Force—Task Force 54—during the final phases of securingIwo Jima and the initial operations in the campaign for theinvasion of Okinawa.[7]
Salt Lake City provided call-fire at Iwo Jima until 13 March, and then concentrated her activities at Okinawa until 28 May, when she put intoLeyte for repairs and upkeep. She returned to Okinawa to cover minesweeping operations and general patrol in theEast China Sea as part ofTask Force 95 on 6 July. A month later, on 8 August, she sailed for the Aleutians via Saipan. While en route to Adak, she received word on 31 August to proceed to northernHonshū,Japan, to cover the occupation ofOminato Naval Base.[7]
_being_sunk_as_a_target_on_25_May_1948.jpg)
Like many warships at the close of the war,Salt Lake City was almost immediately slated for deactivation. She was originally ordered to report to Commander,3rd Fleet, upon arrival on the West Coast, in October, for deactivation. On 29 October, however, she was diverted toOperation Magic Carpet duty to return veterans of the Pacific theater to the U.S.[7]
On 14 November, she was added to the list of warships to be used as test vessels forOperation Crossroads, the Atomic Bomb Experiments and Evaluation Tests atBikini Atoll. She was partially stripped and her crew reduced prior to sailing to Pearl Harbor in March 1946.[7]
Salt Lake City was used in evaluating the effects on surface vessels during an initial test with an aerial atomic bomb burst on 1 July and during the second test of a subsurface burst on 25 July. Surviving twoatomic bomb blasts, she wasdecommissioned on 29 August and laid up to await ultimate disposal. She was sunk as a target hull on 25 May 1948, 130 mi (110 nmi; 210 km) off the coast ofSouthern California and stricken from theNaval Vessel Register on 18 June 1948.[7] Records preserved by theNational Archives and Records Administration place the location of the wreckage at approximately 31°57'12.0"N 119°54'24.0"W, at 1800fathoms deep.[12]
Salt Lake City received 11battle stars for her World War II service, and aNavy Unit Commendation for her actions during theAleutian Campaign.[7]
In the 1965 filmIn Harm's Way, a cruiser calledOld Swayback was the cruiser commanded by Captain Rockwell Torrey (John Wayne) at the time of the attack onPearl Harbor.
TheSalt Lake City was present on the test server forWorld of Warships during the test for the US cruiser line overhaul in 2018. It served as a testing analogue for USSPensacola's then-pending relocation, as the latter vessel's gameplay stats had been reduced to reflect her new placement earlier in the game's progression. It was removed after the updated tech tree was published to the live server.[13][14]
In August 2021, theUniversity of Utah football team announced they would use grey uniforms during their 20 November 2021 game againstOregon to pay tribute to theSalt Lake City including "dazzle-camo accents" on the shoulders and sides of the pants and a single battle star on the right shoulder — 11 altogether when the team is on the field — that represents the 11 battle stars the ship earned in its 19-year history.[15] The helmets were hand painted to resemble the ship in battle.[16] The Utes won the nationally televised game 38-7.[17]
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This article incorporates text from thepublic domainDictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. The entry can be foundhere.
