Tyrus Wong | |
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.jpg) Wong in 2014 | |
| Born | Wong Gen Yeo (1910-10-25)October 25, 1910 |
| Died | December 30, 2016(2016-12-30) (aged 106) Sunland-Tujunga,California, U.S. |
| Resting place | Forest Lawn Memorial Park Hollywood Hills,California, U.S. |
| Other names | Tyrus Yu Wong, Look Tai Yow |
| Alma mater | Otis College of Art and Design |
| Occupations | Painter, animator, calligrapher, muralist, ceramicist, lithographer, set designer, artist, storyboard artist, kite maker |
| Years active | 1930s-2016 |
| Employer(s) | Walt Disney Productions (1938–1941) Warner Bros. Cartoons (1941-1964) Walter Lantz Productions (1941-1968) MGM Cartoons (1941-1958) Warner Bros. Pictures (1942–1968) Hanna-Barbera (1957-1968) DePatie-Freleng Enterprises (1963-1968) |
| Works | Bambi (1942) |
| Spouse | Ruth Kim (m. 1937, died 1995) |
| Children | 3 |
| Awards | CAM Historymakers Award, 2001 Disney Legends Award, 2001 Winsor McCay Award, 2005 |
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| Traditional Chinese | 黃齊耀 | ||||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 黄齐耀 | ||||||||||
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Tyrus Wong (October 25, 1910 – December 30, 2016) was a Chinese-born American artist. He was apainter,animator,calligrapher,muralist,ceramicist,lithographer andkite maker, as well as aset designer andstoryboard artist. One of the most-influential and celebrated Asian-American artists of the 20th century,[1] Wong was also a film production illustrator, who worked forDisney andWarner Bros. He was a muralist for theWorks Progress Administration (WPA), as well as a greeting card artist forHallmark Cards. Most notably, he was the lead production illustrator on Disney's 1942 filmBambi, taking inspiration fromSong dynasty art. He also served in the art department of many films, either as a set designer or storyboard artist, such asRebel Without a Cause (1955),Around the World in 80 Days (1956),Rio Bravo (1959),The Music Man (1962),PT 109 (1963),The Great Race (1965),Harper (1966),The Green Berets (1968), andThe Wild Bunch (1969), among others.
Wong retired from the film industry in the late 1960s but continued his work as an artist, spending most of his time designing kites. He also continued to paint, sketch, and design ceramics well into his 90s. He was the subject of a2015 documentary film,Tyrus, by filmmakerPamela Tom (譚宇瓊). Wong died on December 30, 2016,at the age of 106.
On October 25, 1910, Wong was born as Wong Gen Yeo, inToisan, Kwangtung, China. Wong's father was "Ben" Sy Po Wong (1871-1935). Wong's mother was Lee See.[1]
On December 30, 1919, Wong and his father boarded the shipS.S. China and sailed toCalifornia, U.S.[2] In 1920, when he was nine years old, Wong and his father immigrated to theUnited States, and never again came into contact with his mother and sister.[1] Wong was initially held at theAngel Island Immigration Station due to theChinese Exclusion Act. There he was separated from his father while he waited to be questioned about his identity.[3] Because most Chinese immigration was prohibited under the Chinese Exclusion Act, Wong and his father had to immigrate illegally under assumed identities as "paper sons" of Chinese American sponsors. Wong'spaper son name was Look Tai Yow.[1][2] He did not gain American citizenship until 1946, after the repeal of the Exclusion Act.[4] After a month, Wong was released from Angel Island. Wong and his father initially relocated toSacramento. Wong and his father later moved the family toLos Angeles.[5]
Wong's art was encouraged by his father who had him practice calligraphy every night, since they could not afford to give him an art education.[6] While attending Benjamin Franklin Junior High inPasadena, Wong's teachers noticed his artistic ability and he received a summer scholarship at theOtis Art Institute. Wong decided to leave junior high for a full-timescholarship at Otis.[6] Wong's father survived on a more modest income, and Wong worked as a janitor at Otis College. He walked for miles to attend classes. He graduated from Otis in 1930[7] and began working in Hollywood.[8] While the alumnus page gives Wong's graduation year as 1932, the introduction to avideo interview sponsored by the school refers to his attendance as much earlier. As early as 1933, a Los Angeles newspaper reported that a local art gallery was presenting a one-man show by Wong featuring "monotype drawings and etchings."[9]
Wong's career ranged from working as a Hallmark greeting card designer, to being aWarner Bros. film production illustrator (1942–1968), including drawing set designs and storyboards for several movies, and an inspirational sketch artist (1938–1941) for Disney.
It was his lush pastels that served as inspiration forBambi (1942),[11] where he was the lead artist of the project.[12] His background paintings forBambi were inspired by Song dynasty classical Chinese paintings.[11] Although credited as one of several background illustrators, his full contribution to the film was largely unknown for several decades.[11]
Shortly after finishingBambi, Wong was fired from Disney studios as a consequence of theDisney animators' strike.[11] After leaving Disney, Wong worked atWarner Brothers Studios for 26 years as a production illustrator.[11][13]
Later, he designed popular greeting cards forHallmark Cards.[14] After retiring from film work in 1968, Wong turned his skills to making colorful kites (usually animals such aspandas,goldfish, orcentipedes). He spent his Saturdays flying his creations on the beach just north of theSanta Monica Pier.[14][15][16]
Some of his well-known paintings includeSelf Portrait (late 1920s),Fire (1939),Reclining Nude (1940s),East (1984) andWest (1984). He told an interviewer that he attributes his success to luck and hard work.[17]
The first solo exhibition of Wong's artwork, "Mid-Century Mandarin: The Clay Canvasses of Tyrus Wong," curated by Bill Stern, was organized by the Museum of California Design. It focused on his paintings on dinnerware for Winfield China of Pasadena, California, in the 1940s and 50s, and was presented atCraft and Folk Art Museum (CAFAM) in Los Angeles, July 14 through October 31, 2004.[18]
TheTyrus Wong: A Retrospective exhibit at the Chinese American Museum in Los Angeles, California showcased his work in October–December 2004. According to the museum:
This exhibit showcased the works of Tyrus Wong, who at the age of 93, is one of the earliest and most influential Chinese American artists in the United States. In his long, pioneering career as a local artist, Wong is a seasoned painter, muralist, ceramicist, lithographer, designer, and kite maker. The exhibit also featured Wong's imaginative kites, which he has been building and flying for the past 30 years. Drawn from public and private collections, several of the pieces chosen for this exhibition have not been shown publicly since the 1930s.[19]
In 2007, Wong was one of three illustrators featured inThe Art of the Motion Picture Illustrator: William B. Major, Harold Michelson and Tyrus Wong, an exhibit in theAcademy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences's Grand Lobby Gallery inBeverly Hills.[20]
Tyrus Wong is one of the founders of the otherwise all-Black artists collective Eleven Associated Artists (later Art West Association). The short lived Los Angeles artists co-op included Wong and African American contemporariesBeulah Woodard,Alice Taylor Gafford andWilliam Pajaud.[21][22]
Wong's work was featured in "Now Dig This!: Art and Black Los Angeles 1960–1980" an exhibition at theHammer Museum, October 2011 – January 2012. The exhibition explored the work of African American art pioneers and the multicultural friendships and collaborations that helped define Los Angeles art and creative communities of the period.[23]
His work was also included in theRound the Clock: Chinese American Artists Working in Los Angeles exhibit at theEast Los Angeles CollegeVincent Price Art Museum, January–May 2012.[24]
From August 2013 through February 2014, Wong's work was exhibited atThe Walt Disney Family Museum in San Francisco, California in a career retrospective entitled:Water to Paper, Paint to Sky: The Art Of Tyrus Wong.[25] A hardcover book was published by the Walt Disney Family Foundation Press in conjunction with the exhibit.[26]
In 2015, Wong was featured in an eight-decade career retrospective,Water to Paper, Paint to Sky: The Art of Tyrus Wong, at theMuseum of Chinese in America inManhattan,New York City.[15][27]
Wong met Ruth Ng Kim (伍梅珍), a second-generation Chinese American from a farming family inBakersfield, California,[28][29] at Dragon's Den Restaurant in theChinatown section ofLos Angeles, where she was a waitress. They married on June 27, 1937, in Bakersfield.[2] Wong's wife was the secretary toY.C. Hong, the first Chinese American immigration lawyer, and then became a homemaker after the birth of their children. They had three married daughters: Kay (born 1938), Tai-Ling (born 1943), and Kim (born 1949) and two grandsons, Kevin Fong and Jason Fong.[30][31] Wong's wife, Ruth Kim Wong, died on January 12, 1995, at the age of 85. Wong died on December 30, 2016, at the age of 106.[1][12][32] Wong is interred atForest Lawn Memorial Park (Hollywood Hills) inLos Angeles, California.
Throughout his artistic career, Wong garnered a multitude of awards. Notable awards include the awards from the following organizations:
On February 1, 2017, Wong was honored by CongressmanAdam Schiff with a remembrance on the floor of the115th United States Congress — where Schiff's remarks onTyrus were read into the Congressional Record.[33]
On his would-be 108th birthday on October 25, 2018, Tyrus Wong's life and legacy were honored by an animatedGoogle Doodle.[34]
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Production Illustrator and Sketch Artist atWarner Brothers Studios:
Lithographs drawn and published atLynton R. Kistler's Lithography Studio.
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