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Tyrothricin is anantibiotic mixture which was isolated fromBrevibacillus brevis byRene Dubos in the late 1930s. It was later shown by Dubos andRollin Hotchkiss to be a mixture of two different antibiotics:gramicidin andtyrocidine.[1]
Both gramicidin and tyrocidine are shortpolypeptides which disrupt thecell membranes of some, primarilyGram-positive, bacteria. Tyrothricin and its component antibiotics are too toxic to be taken internally but are sometimes used as topical antibiotics.
Tyrothricin, and its component antibiotics, belongs to the pharmacologically related group of polypeptide antibiotic compounds includingcolistin,polymyxin B, andbacitracin. There is no cross-resistance to these three agents.
