 Bebinca approaching China near peak intensity on September 15 | |
| Meteorological history | |
|---|---|
| Formed | September 9, 2024 |
| Dissipated | September 18, 2024 |
| Typhoon | |
| 10-minute sustained (JMA) | |
| Highest winds | 140 km/h (85 mph) |
| Lowest pressure | 965hPa (mbar); 28.50 inHg |
| Category 1-equivalent typhoon | |
| 1-minute sustained (SSHWS/JTWC) | |
| Highest winds | 140 km/h (85 mph) |
| Lowest pressure | 963hPa (mbar); 28.44 inHg |
| Overall effects | |
| Fatalities | 8 |
| Injuries | 12 |
| Missing | 2 |
| Damage | $1.42 billion (2024 USD) |
| Areas affected | Guam,Northern Mariana Islands,Philippines,Ryukyu Islands,Eastern China,Central China (particularlyHenan) |
Part of the2024 Pacific typhoon season | |
Typhoon Bebinca, known in the Philippines asTropical Storm Ferdie, was a strong and moderately long-livedtropical cyclone that affectedEast China,Guam,Philippines and theRyukyu Islands in mid-September 2024. Bebinca madelandfall inShanghai, China, becoming the strongest typhoon to hit the city sinceTyphoon Gloria in1949 and the first typhoon to made landfall in the city sinceTyphoon Muifa in2022. The thirteenthnamed storm and sixth typhoon of theannual typhoon season, Bebinca formed fromatmospheric convection 385 km (239 mi) east-northeast ofKosrae, was upgraded to a tropical storm by theJapan Meteorological Agency (JMA) on September 10, and was namedBebinca, before turning west-northwest due to interaction with an uppervortex; by September 13, as it entered thePhilippine Area of Responsibility, thePhilippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration named itFerdie, and it eventually moved across theRyukyu Islands, where both theJoint Typhoon Warning Center and the JMA upgraded it to a minimal typhoon. Inland, Bebinca quickly weakened to a severe tropical storm due to land interaction as it moved west-northwest under the steering influence of the subtropical high. The JMA tracked the system until it was last noted on September 18.
Although Typhoon Bebinca did not make landfall in the Philippines, its associated trough and thesouthwest monsoon brought heavy rains to many regions, damaging or destroying nearly 97 homes and displacing over 36,626 people. The storm caused at least six fatalities, with two people missing and eleven injuries. In China, Bebinca caused two fatalities and one injury, but the country was soon impacted byTropical Storm Pulasan just days later. Bebinca significantly affected Guam, leading to storm warnings being issued. In Japan, thousands of homes lost power inAmami, and high winds were recorded inOkinawa Prefecture. Overall, Bebinca caused an estimated US$2.49 billion in damage across the Philippines and China.
Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depressionTyphoon Bebincaemerged from an area ofatmospheric convection 385 km (239 mi) east-northeast ofKosrae on September 5.[1] The system, characterized by a disorganized wave in theeasterlies, featured intense deep convection over a large area, supported by favorable conditions for tropical cyclogenesis,[2] such as warmsea surface temperatures of 28–29 °C (82–84 °F), moderatevertical wind shear and good polewardoutflow.[3] At 02:30UTC on September 9, the United StatesJoint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) issued atropical cyclone formation alert, noting that the system had become well-defined with formative banding in the eastern quadrants.[4] A few hours later, both theJapan Meteorological Agency (JMA) and the JTWC followed suit and upgraded the tropical depression, with the latter designating the system as14W.[5][6] On September 10, the depression intensified into a tropical storm and wasnamedBebinca by the JMA,[7] as it consolidated with acentral dense overcast (CDO) feature obscuring its circulation center while tracking nearGuam,[7] and subsequently turned west-northwestward due to interaction with an uppervortex.[8] Guamradar imagery showed a well-defined surface circulation, with curved convective bands extending southward from the circulation center and wrapping around the northern part of the system into its western periphery.[9]
Around 00:00 UTC on September 11, the JMA upgraded it to a severe tropical storm, citingDvorak technique—a method of determining a tropical cyclone's intensity based on satellite appearance.[10] On September 13, the JMA reported that the storm had weakened to a tropical storm due to its near-surface circulation being fully exposed and its banding being fragmented along the northern edge,[11] with a broad tail of deep monsoonal flow and atropical upper tropospheric trough cell to the west continuing to infuse dry air into the storm's mid-level core.[12] By 06:00PHT (10:00 UTC), Bebinca had entered thePhilippine Area of Responsibility (PAR) and was subsequently namedFerdie by thePhilippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA),[13] but just a few hours later, it exited the PAR.[14] Bebinca then shifted northwestward along the northern edge of a deepsubtropical high,[15] and the JMA reported that the storm had regained severe tropical storm status.[16] Satellite imagery revealed a compact, circular system with enhanced radial outflow and flaring convection in the northwest quadrant,[17] leading both the JMA and JTWC to upgrade it to a minimal typhoon the next day as it moved across theRyukyu Islands;[18][19] meanwhile, Bebinca developed aragged eye feature and maintained a symmetrical and impressive CDO over the past six hours.[20] The JMA reported that Bebinca reached its peak intensity at 00:00 UTC on September 15 with 10-minutesustained winds of140 km/h (85 mph) and a centralpressure of 965 hPa (28.50 inHg),[21] before eventually peaking at Category 1-equivalent intensity on theSaffir-Simpson scale with 1-minute sustained winds of140 km/h (85 mph).[20] On September 16, at around 07:30CST,[22] Bebinca madelandfall inLingang New City, Shanghai, China,[23] becoming the strongest typhoon to hit the area sinceTyphoon Gloria in 1949,[24][25] with a microwave eye feature spanning 29 miles (46 km) and convective bands extending south-southwestward as it moved west-northwestward under the steering influence of the subtropical high.[26] Shortly after landfall, the JTWC discontinued warnings on the system.[27] Inland, Bebinca quickly diminished to a severe tropical storm due to land interaction,[28] with the JMA tracking the system until it was last noted on September 18.[29]
ThePhilippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) stated that thesouthwest monsoon, locally called Habagat, will enhance when the storm enters thePhilippine Area of Responsibility (PAR), and continue after the storm exits the PAR. Bebinca was also predicted to bring heavy rains across the northern portion of the Philippines. Thunderstorms were also expected in the rest of Luzon andMetro Manila.[30] PAGASA also predicted that the storm will intensify into a typhoon, bringingflash floods into the country.[31] PAGASA stated that the storm will bring 1.5–3.5 metres (1.6–3.8 yards) high flash floods toPalawan,Western Visayas,Negros Island Region,Central Visayas,Eastern Visayas,Caraga,Northern Mindanao,Zamboanga Peninsula and theDavao Region. Small waterborne vehicles, likeMotor bancas, were advised to take precautionary measures because of the storm.[32] The province ofAntique evacuated 545 families because of the storm, suspending classes in all levels. The province provided food packs for the evacuees.[33]
The heavy rains brought by the storm-associatedtrough and southwest monsoon damaged or destroyed nearly 97 homes in the Philippines, displacing over 36,626 people and causing infrastructure damage estimated at ₱200,000 (US$4,060.91). In total, 203,197 people were affected, with at least six fatalities, two missing persons, and eleven injuries reported. Additionally, power outages occurred in 18 cities and municipalities, while 40 roads were blocked and six bridges were rendered impassable.[34] All fatalities were caused by falling trees, including four children aboard a tricycle inMalabang,Lanao del Sur and two in the Zamboanga Peninsula.[35] According to theNational Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council, 1,381 individuals were preemptively evacuated, while classes were suspended in 244 areas, including nine municipalities that also ceased work operations.[34] Bebinca also caused ₱1.09 billion (US$22.13 million) in agricultural damage and affected 24,247 hectares of farmland.[36]
On September 13,Fujian Provincial Flood Control Office required all fishing boats in a certain area onEast China Sea to evacuate to immediate offshore area, as the route of Bebinca wasn't easy to predict.[37] By September 14, theZhejiang provincial government declared increased alertness, dispatched humanitarian employees,[38] and ordered the relocation of anchored boats, construction netting and tourists.[39] On September 15, theChina Meteorological Administration issued a red alert for a typhoon, forecasting intense gales and heavy rainfall in eastern China.[40] State media reported that 414,000 people were evacuated across Shanghai and that 56,000 rescue workers were deployed.[41][42]Shengsi temporarily closed all of its passenger ship service,[43] and multiple trains and flights were cancelled inZhejiang.[44]Anhui issued a yellow alert for the typhoon.[45] Due to Bebinca,Shanghai Pudong International Airport andShanghai Hongqiao International Airport cancelled all flights, andShanghai Disneyland closed on September 16.[46] All highways inside the city were closed, while driving speeds were limited to 40 kilometres per hour.[42] 570 passenger trains were cancelled in Shanghai.[47]Jiangsu closed highways and bridges over theYangtze River,[48] as well as recalled fishing boats.[49]Suzhou suspended takeaway delivery services,[50] andWuxi suspended bus operation in the afternoon.[51]Nanjing dispatched emergency rescue personnel across the city in advance.[52]
EDC China inSuzhou, scheduled for September 15 and 16 were cancelled when typhoon hitShanghai, south ofSuzhou on a planned EDC China date of September 15 and 16.On September 17,Shandong Provincial Department of Water Resources arranged and deployed preventive and response measures as the typhoon was forecasted to bring significant rainfall to southwester part of the province.[53] InHenan Province, BothXinxiang andKaifeng decided to suspend classes of middle and primary schools for one day andZhengzhou launched IV emergency response against flood.[54]
Bebinca became the second storm to hit China within a few weeks, followingTyphoon Yagi's landfall onHainan Island in the southern part of the country.[55] At least 30,000 households lost power.[42] Four homes were damaged, over 10,000 trees were damaged or uprooted, and 53hectares (132 acres) of farmland were flooded.[56] Two people were killed after they were electrocuted by a fallen power line inKunshan, while a falling tree injured one person inChongming Island.[57] As Bebinca moved inland, it brought extremely heavy rainfall to the border regions ofHenan,Anhui,Shandong andJiangsu,[58] leading to severe waterlogging and flood in several counties. Floodwater didn't recede inDangshan until September 22.[59] On the same day, citizens inYongcheng,Shangqiu posted videos online, saying that the city was still soaked in water and that the water level was rising.[60] Local government have been working day and night to rescue the trapped and drain the floodwater,[61] and farmers are attempting to harvest crops to recover losses.[62]
Economic losses were estimated to be¥10 billion (US$1.42 billion).[63] But in a report from China Meteorological Administration to the 19th Integrated Workshop of ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee in November 2024, total damage from Bebinca in China could reached 550 billion RMB (US$75.8 billion).[64]
When the storm passed the Pacific Ocean,Guam was affected, leading to a storm warning all across the territory. After the storm passed the territory, theGovernment of Guam declared Condition of Readiness Three, a small warning which allows people to go to work, not affecting businesses and the territorial government.[65] In Taiwan, as a way of preparation, weather researchers usedartificial intelligence to predict the storm path. The program was also used forTyphoon Gaemi, successfully working a week before the hit.[66] The storm was predicted to bring heavy rains toTaiwan, with possible thunderstorms occurring.[67] The storm was forecast to pass through Okinawa.[68] Power outages affected 7,240 households inAmami.[69] High winds were recorded atKadena Air Base and parts ofOkinawa Prefecture.[70]
Tropical cyclones of the2024 Pacific typhoon season | ||
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