Red Cloud (foreground), a type V2-ME-A1, alongsideUSNS David C. Shanks, outside theOakland Bay Bridge in San Francisco Bay, California, 1950s. On the bow is a tugboatfender, also call beards or bow pudding, which are rope padding to protect the bow.
TheType V ship is aUnited States Maritime Commission (MARCOM) designation forWorld War IItugboats. Type V was used in World War II,Korean War, and theVietnam War. Type V ships were used to moveships andbarges. Type V tugboats were made of eithersteel orwoodhulls. There were four types of tugboats ordered for World War II. The largest type V design was thesea worthy 186-foot (57 m) long steel hull, V4-M-A1. The V4-M-A1 design was used by a number of manufacturers; a total of 49 were built. A smaller steel hull tugboat was the 94-foot (29 m) V2-ME-A1; 26 were built. The largest wooden hull was the 148-foot (45 m) V3-S-AH2, of which 14 were built. The smaller wooden hull was the 58-foot (18 m) V2-M-AL1, which 35 were built. Most V2-M-AL1 tugboats were sent to the United Kingdom for the war efforts under thelend-lease act. The Type V tugs served across the globe during World War II including:Pacific War,European theatre, and in the United States. SSFarallon, and other Type V tugs, were used to help builtNormandy ports, includingMulberry harbour, on D-Day, 6 June 1944, and made nine round trips to Normandy to deliverPhoenix breakwaters.[1][2]
Tugboats are used to maneuver vessels andbarges by pushing or towing them. Tugs are needed to move vessels that either should not move by themselves, such as large ships in a crowded harbor or a narrow canal, or those that can not move by themselves, like asbarges, disabled ships, orlog rafts.[3] Tugboats are powerful for their small size and are strongly built. Early tugboats usedsteam engines, but most havediesel engines now. Many tugboats have firefightingwater cannons, allowing them to assist in firefighting, especially in harbors. Someminesweepers likeUSS Vireo,USS Lark andUSS Kingfisher were converted to ocean tugs for the war.
YTL-718, a V2-M-AL1, on the quay wall at Navy Yard Mare Island, 8 November 1945
Port Sewall class tug. Named for American ports. All but one tug went forLend-Lease use, some serviced in theMediterranean Sea in WW2. V2-M-AL1 were: Wood hull, 90 tons, beam 19 foot, diesel engine with 240 horsepower, fuel Oil: 1920 gallons. Built by Puget Sound SB, Standard SB, Steinbach IW,Eureka Shipbuilding, Arlington SB, Texas SB, Siletz BW, Blair Company,Marinette Marine and Texas SB.[33][34]
Port SewallTo the United Kingdom as a "TUSA" Tug, USA. (YN 1563)
Port KennedyTo the United Kingdom as a "TUSA" YN 1564
Port ReadingTo the United Kingdom as a "TUSA" YN 1565
Port CostaTo the United Kingdom as a "TUSA" YN 1
Port San LuisTo the United Kingdom as a "TUSA" YN 2
Port ChicagoTo the United Kingdom as a "TUSA" YN 3
Port GambleTo the United Kingdom as a "TUSA" YN 4
Port TobaccoTo the United Kingdom as a "TUSA" YN 5
Port HaywoodTo US Navy renamed YTL 718, sold private 1947 renamedLimpiar. (YTL= District Harbor Tug Small)[35]
ATR-1 class -Auxiliary Tug Rescue was a wooden-hulledrescue tug that was built by Wheeler SB, Northwest Shipbuilding, Frank L. Sample,Jakobson Shipyard, Camden SB,Lynch SB, andFulton Shipyard in 1944 and 1945. The 89ATR-1-class tugs serve during World War II in bothAsiatic-Pacific Theater and theEuropean theatre of World War II. 40 ofATR-1 class had a displacement of 852 tons light and 1,315 tons fully loaded. They had a length of 165 feet 6 inches (50.44 m), a beam of 33 feet 4 inches (10.16 m) and draft of 15 feet 6 inches (4.72 m). Top speed of 12.2knots (22.6 km/h; 14.0 mph). The largest boom had a capacity of 4 tons. They were armed with one3-inch/50-caliber gun and two singleOerlikon 20 mm cannon. The crew complement was five officers and 47enlisted men. They had a fuel capacity of 1,620 bbl (258 m3). The propulsion was one Fulton Iron Works vertical triple-expansion reciprocating steam engine with two Babcock and Wilcox "D"-type boilers with a single propeller creating 1,600 shp (1,200 kW). They had two turbo drive Ships Service Generators, rated at 60 kW 120 V D.C. Example isUSS ATR-31.[36][37][38][39]
TheCherokee class of fleet tugboats, originally known as theNavajo class, were built for the US Navy for World War II with a displacement of 1,235 long tons (1,255 t). They had a length of 205 ft (62 m), a beam of 38 ft 6 in (11.73 m), a draft of 18 ft (5.5 m). Their propulsion was composed of a diesel-electric engine with one shaft creating 3,600 hp (2,700 kW) and a top speed of 16.5 knots (30.6 km/h; 19.0 mph). They were give thehull classification symbol of "AT" for "Auxiliary Tug". The tugs were built byBethlehem Mariners Harbor, Staten Island, Charleston Shipbuilding and Drydock Company, andUnited Engineering Co. Example:USS Navajo.[40]
Abnaki-class tugboat were ocean fleet tugboats that were built for the US Navy for World War II with a displacement of 1,589 tons, a length of 205 ft 0 in (62.48 m), a beam of 38 ft 6 in (11.73 m), and a draft of 15 ft 4 in (4.67 m). They had a propulsion of: 4 × General Motors 12-278A diesel main engines, 4 × General Electric generators, 3 × General Motors 3-268A auxiliary services engines, with a single screw of 3,600 shp (2,700 kW) and a top speed:16.5 knots. ClassATF forAuxiliary Tug Fleet. Built by Charleston Shipbuilding & Drydock. Example:USS Abnaki (ATF-96).[41]
Sotoyomo-class tugboat were tugboats that were built for the US Navy for World War II with a displacement of 534 long tons (543 t) light, 835 long tons (848 t) full, a length of 143 ft (44 m), a beam of 33 ft (10 m) and a draft of 13 ft (4.0 m). They had a propulsion of diesel-electric engine with a single screw and a top speed of 13 knots. Harbor tugs (YT) were named after American Indian tribes: Example tug is theUSS Ontario (AT-13)[42][43]
Hisada class harbor tug is a subclass of Cahto-class district harbor tug. Hisada class harbor had the same design as the 260-ton Cahto-class district harbor tug.Harbor tugs (YT) were named after American Indian tribes. Example tugs:USS Nabigwon (YTB-521) andUSS Wabanquot (YTB-525).[48]
Small wood US ArmyMTL Harbor Tugboats, 14 model 324-A with a length of 47 feet, a beam of 12 feet. MTL is for Motor Towing Launch. The Army had built 1,251 marine tractors (MT) and marine tow launches (MTL) by 41 boatbuilders.MT tugs were either 26 feet or 36 feet (Design 329) in length and the MTL were 46 feet.[51]
US ArmyTP Harbor Tug with displacement 185 tons gross, a length of 96 feet, a beam 25 feet, a draft of 11 feet, Power one Fairbanks–Morse six cylinder diesel engine to a single propeller with 450 shp. The TP is for "Tug/Passenger". The US Army had 43 of this 96-foot tugs built for World War 2,Ackerman Boat Company` built 15 of them.[52][53][54][55]
US Army had built 170 of the 65-foot, diesel-powered, passenger / cargo boats. These could also be used as harbor tugs. These were known as tug-transports, or T-boats.[56]
RT tugs for River Tugs. Many were built by small shipyards builders for the U.S. Army. The RT tugs were built of steel or wood, or both. They were built with differt designs and length ranging from 39 ft (12 m) to 160 ft (49 m). RT-804 to 813; RT-804 to 813 and RT-899 to RT-903.[59]
Bagaduce-class tugboat were World War 1 tug boats used in World War 1 and World War 2. During World War 1 these were called YMT-Yard Motor Tug. Engineered with a displacement of 1,000 long tons (1,016 t) (normal) and a length of 156 ft 8 in (47.75 m), a beam of 30 ft (9.1 m) and a draft of 14 ft 7 in (4.45 m), with a top speed of 12.4 knots. USS ExampleUSSSagamore (AT-20).[60]
Arapaho-class fleet tug were World War 1 tug boats used in World War 1 and World War 2.Engineered with a displacement of 575 tons and a length of 122 ft 6 in (37.34 m), a beam of 24 ft (7.3 m) and a draft of 12 ft 10 in (3.91 m), with a top speed of 11 knots.Ships in class:
AT-14Arapaho later renamed:YT-121 in 1936 then sold in 1937, renamedEvridiki in 1960, sold and renamedFaneromini in 1968. Scrapped in 1986.
Modified Ocean Warrior-class Tugs built by Kingston Ship Builder in Kingston ON. GT of 233 tons, 105 feet long, Beam of 26.2' and Draft of 12.5' with 1000HP, max of 14 knots, Steel hull, built between 1945 and 1946.[62][63]
USS Pokagon (YT-274) sank near Green Cove Springs, Fla. after she capsized on 27 September 1947.[75]
USS Shahaka (YTB-368) sank after colliding with USSABSD-2, afloating drydock, midway between the California coast and the Hawaiian Islands at 27° 21'N 136° 29'W in June 1944.[76]
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