TheTututni tribe is a historicNative American tribe, one ofLower Rogue River Athabascan tribes from southwesternOregon who signed the 1855 Coast Treaty, and were removed to theSiletz Indian Reservation in Oregon. They traditionally lived along theRogue River and its tributaries, near the Pacific Coast between theCoquille River on the north and Chetco River in the south.[1]Lower Rogue River Athabascan (also calledTututni) tribes are a group of Athabascan tribes (the Tututni,Upper Coquille andShasta Costa) who were historically located in southwesternOregon in theUnited States and speak the same Athabascan language, known as Lower Rogue River (or Tututni, or Tututni-Shasta Costa-Coquille).[2]
In its narrower sense, the term "Rogue River" refers to theRogue River Athabascan tribes who speak two closely related languages:Lower Rogue River (also known as Tututni) andUpper Rogue River (also known as Galice-Applegate).
In its broader sense, "Rogue River" as a term refers toRogue River Indians, a conglomeration of many tribal groups in the totalRogue River Valley area. They belong to three language families: Athabaskan, Takelma, and Shastan.
TheTututni (or Lower Rogue River Athabascan) tribes included the following:
"There were as many as seven Tututni groups, who were culturally related and had kinship ties. They did not, however, constitute a typical tribe because the usual sociopolitical organization, involving chiefs and governmental authority, was lacking".[1]
I) Tututni dialect speaking:
II) Euchre Creek (Yukiche-tunne) dialect speaking:
III) Upper Coquille (Coquille, Mishi-kwutine-tunne) dialect speaking:
IV) Chasta Costa (Shasta Costa, Chasta Kosta, Shistakoostee, Illinois River) dialect speaking:
The Tututni (Lower Rogue River Athabascan) tribes spoke dialects of theLower Rogue River (or Tututni or Tututni-Shasta Costa-Coquille) language. In the 21st century, thisPacific Coast Athabaskan language is extinct; it was classified as part of theOregon Athabascan subgroup.[4] Dialects wereCoquille[4] (Upper Coquille, Mishikhwutmetunee), spoken along the upperCoquille River;Tututni[4] (Tututunne, Naltunnetunne, Mikonotunne, Kwatami, Chemetunne, Chetleshin, Khwaishtunnetunnne);Euchre Creek, andChasta Costa (Illinois River,Šista Qʼʷə́sta).
Lower Rogue River (also known as Tututni)
The first contact between Tututni tribe and Europeans came in the late 1700s when British, Spanish and American ships explored Oregon's coastal region.[5] In the spring of 1792, some Tututni met British explorer CaptainGeorge Vancouver.[1] Merchants traded with the Tututni for sea otter pelts. With the arrival of settlers, infectious diseases new to the Native Americans were transmitted, resulting in the deaths of 75% to 90% of the populations of many Oregon native peoples. They did not have any acquired immunity to these diseases, such as smallpox, measles, and others that were endemic among Europeans and Americans.[5]
In the 1840s the first wagon trains carrying immigrants started arriving overland to Oregon (Emigrant Road or Oregon Trail), but the region remained peaceful for some time.[5]
During the 1850s the Tututni game trails and hunting grounds were destroyed by whites clearing land for farms. In 1851 some settlers built Port Orford on Tututni land. The Tututni came under more pressure as settlers and miners were attracted to Port Orford after the discovery of gold in the Rogue River valley.[1] Mining activities heightened the competition for resources and tensions between the Tututni and the European Americans. Armed conflicts finally led to the Rogue River Wars of 1855–1856, in which United States troops, volunteer militia and others fought against the Native Americans.[5] In February 1856 Tututni attacked the Gold Beach Guards, who were encamped opposite the large Tututni village at Port Orford. In the conflict the Tututni burned most of the settlers' homes between Port Orford and Smith River.[1]
After theRogue River Wars in 1856, the Tututni and otherRogue River Indians were removed from this area, forced to settle on theCoast Indian Reservation (the base of theConfederated Tribes of Siletz), considerably north of their traditional territory, or theGrand Ronde Indian Reservation, base of what is known as theConfederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde Community of Oregon.[6][7]
The several tribes at each of these reservations have intermarried and their descendants are counted as enrolled members of the consolidated tribes.
The Tututni Tribe is not a federally acknowledged tribe, but the Confederated Tribes of Siletz is a recognized tribe.
Tututni tribe lived.
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