Tuscarawas County, Ohio | |
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 Flag  Seal | |
 Location within the U.S. state ofOhio | |
 Ohio's location within theU.S. | |
| Coordinates:40°27′N81°28′W / 40.45°N 81.47°W /40.45; -81.47 | |
| Country |  United States |
| State |  Ohio |
| Founded | March 15, 1808[1] |
| Named after | Delaware Indian word variously translated as "old town" or "open mouth".[3] |
| Seat | New Philadelphia |
| Largest city | New Philadelphia |
| Area | |
• Total | 571 sq mi (1,480 km2) |
| • Land | 568 sq mi (1,470 km2) |
| • Water | 3.8 sq mi (9.8 km2) 0.7% |
| Population (2020) | |
• Total | 93,263 |
• Estimate (2024)[2] | 92,048 |
| • Density | 162/sq mi (63/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC−5 (Eastern) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC−4 (EDT) |
| Congressional districts | 6th,12th |
| Website | www |
Tuscarawas County (/ˌtʌskəˈrɑːwəs/TUS-kə-RAH-wəs) is acounty located in the northeastern part of theU.S. state ofOhio. As of the2020 census, the population was 93,263.[4] Itscounty seat isNew Philadelphia.[5] Its name is aDelaware Indian word variously translated as "old town" or "open mouth".[3][6] Tuscarawas County comprises the New Philadelphia–Dover, OHMicropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in theCleveland–Akron–Canton, OH Combined Statistical Area.
For years, European-American colonists on the East Coast did not know much about the territory west of theAppalachian Mountains except for reports from a few explorers andfur traders who ventured into the area. In 1750,Christopher Gist of the Ohio Land Company explored the Tuscarawas Valley. His report of the area hinted at some natural riches and friendlyAmerican Indians.
In 1761Moravianmissionaries set out fromBethlehem, Pennsylvania, to set up a mission in the Tuscarawas Valley.Christian Frederick Post,David Zeisberger, andJohn Heckewelder met with ChiefNetawatwees of the westernDelaware Indians, also known as the "Lenape". He invited them to the tribal village he had founded, Gekelemukpechunk (present-dayNewcomerstown, Ohio). He granted the missionaries permission to build a cabin near the junction of the Sandy Creek andTuscarawas River, in present-dayStark County and beginevangelizing the natives. While they were successful inbaptizing dozens of converts, they were forced to abandon the mission in 1763 during theFrench and Indian War (part of theSeven Years' War).
Again, at the request of ChiefNetawatwees in 1771,David Zeisberger returned to found additional missions in the Tuscarawas Valley. In the spring of 1772, near the present site ofNew Philadelphia, Ohio, Zeisberger, along with five converted Indian families established the mission ofSchoenbrunn (beautiful spring), also known as Welhik Tuppeek (best spring). They built a school house and a chapel. In August of that year, John Heckawelder brought an additional 250 converted Christian Delawares into the village.
In late summer 1772, they established a second settlement, roughly 10 miles (16 km) away from Schoenbrunn, calledGnadenhütten (cabins of grace). On October 17, 1772, Zeisberger conducted the first religious service at Gnadenhutten. In 1776, Chief Netawatwes donated land for another settlement,Lichtenau (meadow of light), near present-dayCoshocton, then the principal Delaware village in the region.[7]
The American Revolutionary War brought the demise of these first settlements. The Delawares, who at the time populated much of eastern Ohio, were divided over their loyalties, with many in the west allied with the British out ofFort Detroit and many in the east allied with the Americans out ofFort Pitt. Delawares were involved in skirmishes against both sides, but by 1781 the American sense was that the Delawares were allying with the British. In response, ColonelDaniel Brodhead of the American forces led an expedition out ofFort Pitt and on April 19, 1781, destroyed the settlement ofCoshocton. Surviving residents fled to the north. Colonel Brodhead's forces left the Delawares at the other Moravian mission villages unmolested, but the actions set the stage for raised tensions in the area.
In September 1781, British forces and Indian allies, primarily Wyandot and Delaware, forced the Christian Indians and missionaries from the remaining Moravian villages. The Indian allies took their prisoners further west toward Lake Erie to a new village, called Captive Town, on the Sandusky River. The British took the missionariesDavid Zeisberger andJohn Heckewelder under guard back toFort Detroit, where the two men were tried (but eventually acquitted) on charges of treason against the British Crown.
The Indians at Captive Town were going hungry because of insufficient rations, and in February 1782, more than 100 returned to their old Moravian villages to harvest the crops and collect the stored food they had been forced to leave behind. In early March 1782, 160 Pennsylvania militia led byLieutenant Colonel David Williamson raided the villages and garrisoned the Indians in the village of Gnadenhütten, accusing them of taking part in raids into Pennsylvania. Although the Delawares rejected the charges as they werepacifist Christians, the militia held a council and voted to kill them. The next morning on March 8, the militia tied up the Indians, stunned them with mallet blows to the head, and killed them with fatal scalping cuts. In all, the militia murdered and scalped 28 men, 29 women, and 39 children. They piled the bodies of the Moravian Christian Lenape and Moravian Christian Mahicans in the mission buildings and burned the village down. They also burned the other abandoned Moravian villages in the area.[9]
This action, which came to be known as theGnadenhutten massacre, caused an outright frontier war to break out between the Delawares and the Americans. After several years of ongoing campaigns by the natives to terrorize and keep out further American settlers, a brutal campaign byUS General "Mad Anthony" Wayne fromFort Washington (nowCincinnati) was carried out in late 1793, eventually resulting in theTreaty of Greenville being signed in 1795 between the US government and the local natives. The Treaty ceded the eastern two-thirds of current-day Ohio to white settlers and once again opened up the territory for white settlement.
In October 1798,David Zeisberger, the same Moravian missionary who had founded many of the original missions in the 1770s, returned to the Tuscarawas Valley to found a new mission,Goshen, from where he continued his work to evangelize the local natives with the Christian gospel. Over the next several years, farmer settlers from Pennsylvania came trickling into the area, and by 1808, the first permanent settlement,New Philadelphia, was founded near the Goshen mission. After the War of 1812, Goshen declined as a mission until it was disbanded in 1824.[10]
Tuscarawas County was formed from Muskingum County on February 15, 1808.[11]
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In the late 1820s, Tuscarawas County was chosen to be on the route of theOhio and Erie Canal, a man-made waterway linkingLake Erie (viaCleveland) to theOhio River (viaPortsmouth, Ohio). Construction fromMassillon, Ohio toCanal Dover, Ohio was completed in 1829. Construction from Canal Dover, Ohio toNewark, Ohio was completed in 1830.[12] A total of 15 locks were built in Tuscarawas County, entering the county line on an aqueduct north ofZoar, Ohio on Lock 7 toNewcomerstown, Ohio, exiting the county below Lock 21.[13] In 1848, the feederSandy and Beaver Canal was completed, linkingBolivar, Ohio to the Ohio River atGlasgow, Pennsylvania.[14] With the rise of railroads, and a massiveflood in 1913, the canal system was abandoned.[15] Three years later, the city of Canal Dover shortened its name Dover to 1916.[16]
According to theU.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 571 square miles (1,480 km2), of which 568 square miles (1,470 km2) is land and 3.8 square miles (9.8 km2) (0.71%) is water.[17]
| Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1810 | 3,045 | — | |
| 1820 | 8,328 | 173.5% | |
| 1830 | 14,298 | 71.7% | |
| 1840 | 25,631 | 79.3% | |
| 1850 | 31,761 | 23.9% | |
| 1860 | 32,463 | 2.2% | |
| 1870 | 33,840 | 4.2% | |
| 1880 | 40,198 | 18.8% | |
| 1890 | 46,618 | 16.0% | |
| 1900 | 53,751 | 15.3% | |
| 1910 | 57,035 | 6.1% | |
| 1920 | 63,578 | 11.5% | |
| 1930 | 68,193 | 7.3% | |
| 1940 | 68,816 | 0.9% | |
| 1950 | 70,320 | 2.2% | |
| 1960 | 76,789 | 9.2% | |
| 1970 | 77,211 | 0.5% | |
| 1980 | 84,614 | 9.6% | |
| 1990 | 84,090 | −0.6% | |
| 2000 | 90,852 | 8.0% | |
| 2010 | 92,582 | 1.9% | |
| 2020 | 93,263 | 0.7% | |
| 2024 (est.) | 92,048 | −1.3% | |
| U.S. Decennial Census[18] 1790-1960[19] 1900-1990[20] 1990-2000[21] 2020[4] 2024[2] | |||
| Race / Ethnicity(NH = Non-Hispanic) | Pop 1980[22] | Pop 1990[23] | Pop 2000[24] | Pop 2010[25] | Pop 2020[26] | % 1980 | % 1990 | % 2000 | % 2010 | % 2020 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| White alone (NH) | 83,413 | 82,911 | 88,576 | 88,614 | 84,979 | 98.58% | 98.60% | 97.43% | 95.71% | 91.12% |
| Black or African American alone (NH) | 647 | 623 | 655 | 696 | 697 | 0.76% | 0.74% | 0.72% | 0.75% | 0.75% |
| Native American orAlaska Native alone (NH) | 83 | 136 | 145 | 133 | 117 | 0.10% | 0.16% | 0.16% | 0.14% | 0.13% |
| Asian alone (NH) | 175 | 184 | 220 | 286 | 306 | 0.21% | 0.22% | 0.24% | 0.31% | 0.33% |
| Native Hawaiian orPacific Islander alone (NH) | x[27] | x[28] | 39 | 72 | 29 | x | x | 0.04% | 0.08% | 0.03% |
| Other race alone (NH) | 44 | 8 | 39 | 40 | 169 | 0.05% | 0.01% | 0.04% | 0.04% | 0.18% |
| Mixed race or Multiracial (NH) | x[29] | x[30] | 528 | 974 | 3,004 | x | x | 0.58% | 1.05% | 3.22% |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 252 | 228 | 650 | 1,767 | 3,962 | 0.30% | 0.27% | 0.71% | 1.91% | 4.25% |
| Total | 84,614 | 84,090 | 90,852 | 92,582 | 93,263 | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% |
As of the2010 United States census, there were 92,582 people, 36,965 households, and 25,318 families residing in the county.[31] The population density was 163.1 inhabitants per square mile (63.0/km2). There were 40,206 housing units at an average density of 70.8 units per square mile (27.3 units/km2).[32] The racial makeup of the county was 96.6% white, 0.8% black or African American, 0.3% Asian, 0.3% American Indian, 0.2% Pacific islander, 0.7% from other races, and 1.2% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 1.9% of the population.[31] In terms of ancestry, 38.0% wereGerman, 16.0% wereIrish, 10.9% wereEnglish, 7.7% wereAmerican, and 7.6% wereItalian.[33] 94.7% spokeEnglish, 1.4%Spanish, 1.1%German, and 2.0% anotherWest Germanic language.[34]
Of the 36,965 households, 30.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.0% were married couples living together, 9.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 31.5% were non-families, and 26.6% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 2.97. The median age was 40.9 years.[31]
The median income for a household in the county was $42,081 and the median income for a family was $51,330. Males had a median income of $40,490 versus $27,193 for females. The per capita income for the county was $20,536. About 9.2% of families and 12.8% of the population were below thepoverty line, including 17.7% of those under age 18 and 10.2% of those age 65 or over.[35]
As of the census[36] of 2000, there were 90,914 people, 35,653 households, and 25,313 families residing in the county. The population density was 160 inhabitants per square mile (62/km2). There were 38,113 housing units at an average density of 67 units per square mile (26/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 97.87%White, 0.73%Black orAfrican American, 0.17%Native American, 0.24%Asian, 0.05%Pacific Islander, 0.21% fromother races, and 0.73% from two or more races.Hispanic orLatino of any race were 0.71% of the population. 95.3% spoke English, 1.3% German and 1.1% Spanish as their first language.
There were 35,653 households, out of which 32.30% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.10% were married couples living together, 9.30% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.00% were non-families. 24.90% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.50% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.52 and the average family size was 3.01.
In the county, the age distribution of the population shows 25.40% under the age of 18, 8.00% from 18 to 24, 28.10% from 25 to 44, 23.60% from 45 to 64, and 15.00% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females there were 95.10 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.40 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $35,489, and the median income for a family was $41,677. Males had a median income of $31,963 versus $20,549 for females. Theper capita income for the county was $17,276. About 7.20% of families and 9.40% of the population were below thepoverty line, including 12.20% of those under age 18 and 7.80% of those age 65 or over.
In 2020, the Amish and Mennonite population was 3,496 or 3.7% of the total population[37]
Prior to 1912, Tuscarawas County was a Democratic Party stronghold in presidential elections. But starting with the 1916 election, the county had become a bellwether county until 2012, only backing losing candidates in 1960 and 1968. Starting with the 2012 election, the county began to swing markedly to the right, and is now solidly Republican.
| Year | Republican | Democratic | Third party(ies) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | |
| 2024 | 30,652 | 70.94% | 12,032 | 27.84% | 527 | 1.22% |
| 2020 | 30,458 | 69.09% | 12,889 | 29.24% | 740 | 1.68% |
| 2016 | 26,918 | 64.70% | 12,188 | 29.29% | 2,500 | 6.01% |
| 2012 | 22,242 | 53.35% | 18,407 | 44.15% | 1,044 | 2.50% |
| 2008 | 20,454 | 47.50% | 21,498 | 49.93% | 1,105 | 2.57% |
| 2004 | 23,829 | 55.54% | 18,853 | 43.94% | 224 | 0.52% |
| 2000 | 19,549 | 52.67% | 15,879 | 42.78% | 1,690 | 4.55% |
| 1996 | 13,388 | 38.52% | 15,244 | 43.86% | 6,123 | 17.62% |
| 1992 | 13,179 | 35.72% | 14,787 | 40.08% | 8,928 | 24.20% |
| 1988 | 17,145 | 54.28% | 14,185 | 44.90% | 259 | 0.82% |
| 1984 | 19,366 | 59.13% | 13,149 | 40.14% | 239 | 0.73% |
| 1980 | 15,708 | 52.21% | 12,117 | 40.27% | 2,261 | 7.52% |
| 1976 | 14,279 | 44.84% | 16,880 | 53.01% | 682 | 2.14% |
| 1972 | 18,413 | 59.07% | 12,255 | 39.32% | 501 | 1.61% |
| 1968 | 14,102 | 43.44% | 15,617 | 48.11% | 2,742 | 8.45% |
| 1964 | 9,962 | 29.66% | 23,623 | 70.34% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1960 | 20,637 | 56.20% | 16,083 | 43.80% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1956 | 19,876 | 60.63% | 12,908 | 39.37% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1952 | 18,620 | 53.27% | 16,332 | 46.73% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1948 | 11,873 | 44.27% | 14,799 | 55.19% | 145 | 0.54% |
| 1944 | 14,357 | 47.01% | 16,184 | 52.99% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1940 | 14,675 | 43.57% | 19,004 | 56.43% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1936 | 10,317 | 31.30% | 21,991 | 66.71% | 657 | 1.99% |
| 1932 | 12,369 | 41.36% | 16,648 | 55.67% | 888 | 2.97% |
| 1928 | 20,494 | 74.34% | 6,805 | 24.68% | 269 | 0.98% |
| 1924 | 13,573 | 56.97% | 5,566 | 23.36% | 4,686 | 19.67% |
| 1920 | 11,908 | 51.96% | 10,167 | 44.36% | 844 | 3.68% |
| 1916 | 5,404 | 38.96% | 7,608 | 54.84% | 860 | 6.20% |
| 1912 | 3,417 | 27.34% | 4,978 | 39.84% | 4,101 | 32.82% |
| 1908 | 6,717 | 47.29% | 6,775 | 47.69% | 713 | 5.02% |
| 1904 | 7,203 | 55.76% | 4,979 | 38.55% | 735 | 5.69% |
| 1900 | 6,355 | 47.19% | 6,867 | 50.99% | 245 | 1.82% |
| 1896 | 6,235 | 47.15% | 6,898 | 52.16% | 92 | 0.70% |
| 1892 | 4,746 | 42.97% | 5,715 | 51.74% | 584 | 5.29% |
| 1888 | 4,730 | 45.23% | 5,484 | 52.44% | 243 | 2.32% |
| 1884 | 4,394 | 44.96% | 5,215 | 53.36% | 165 | 1.69% |
| 1880 | 4,096 | 45.33% | 4,844 | 53.61% | 96 | 1.06% |
| 1876 | 3,574 | 43.95% | 4,545 | 55.89% | 13 | 0.16% |
| 1872 | 3,178 | 46.96% | 3,586 | 52.99% | 3 | 0.04% |
| 1868 | 3,145 | 47.82% | 3,432 | 52.18% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1864 | 3,049 | 49.47% | 3,114 | 50.53% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1860 | 3,136 | 51.72% | 2,846 | 46.93% | 82 | 1.35% |
| 1856 | 3,007 | 52.93% | 2,656 | 46.75% | 18 | 0.32% |
| Year | Republican | Democratic | Third party(ies) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | |
| 2024 | 27,395 | 64.25% | 13,501 | 31.67% | 1,740 | 4.08% |
In the village cemetery, where lie the dead of a century, stands a huge granite monument. This graceful shaft marks the resting place of ninety Christian Indian martyrs whose ruthless butchery furnishes one of the darkest pages in American history.
Places adjacent to Tuscarawas County, Ohio | ||||||||||||||||
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Municipalities and communities ofTuscarawas County, Ohio,United States | ||
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| Villages | ||
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| Unincorporated communities | ||
| Ghost town | ||
| Footnotes | ‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties | |
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