توس | |
 Ferdowsi's tomb in Tus | |
  Location of the site | |
| Location | Razavi Khorasan Province,Iran |
|---|---|
| Coordinates | 36°28′45.0″N59°30′35.0″E / 36.479167°N 59.509722°E /36.479167; 59.509722 |
| Type | Settlement |
| Site notes | |
| Condition | In ruins |
Tus (Persian:توس,romanized: Ṭūs) was an ancient city inKhorasan near the modern city ofMashhad,Razavi Khorasan province,Iran. To the ancient Greeks, it was known asSusia (Ancient Greek:Σούσια). It was also known asTusa.[1] The area now known as Tus was divided into four cities,Tabran, Radakan, Noan and Teroid, which in combination formed largest city in the region in the fifth century.[citation needed]
According to legendTous son of Nowzar founded the city of Tous in the province ofKhorassan next to today's city ofMashhad. It is said that the city of Tous was the capital ofParthia and the residence of KingVishtaspa, who was the first convert toZoroastianism.[2] It was captured byAlexander the Great in 330 BCE, and became a key waypoint on theSilk Road.
Tus was taken by theUmayyad caliphAbd al-Malik and remained under Umayyad control until 747, when a subordinate ofAbu Muslim Khorasani defeated the Umayyad governor during theAbbasid Revolution.[3] In 809, theAbbasid CaliphHarun al-Rashid fell ill and died in Tus, on his way to solve the unrest inKhorasan.[4] His grave is located in the region.[5]
In the 9th and 10th century, thePersian literature flourished in Khorasan and Transoxiana underSamanid Empire and other Iranian dynasties. The most famous person who has emerged from that area is the poetFerdowsi, author of the Persian epicShahnameh, whose mausoleum, built in 1934 in time for the millennium of his birth, dominates the town. Other notable residents of Tus include thetheologian, jurist, philosopher and mystical-Ghazali; earlypolymathJābir ibn Hayyān; the poetAsadi Tusi; the powerfulSeljuk vizierNizam al-Mulk; the medieval polymathNasir al-Din al-Tusi; the prominentUsoolimujtahid (Twelver-Shi'a law interpreter)Shaykh Tusi; and the notedSufi mystic and historianAbu Nasr as-Sarraj.[6] The Samanid poetDaqiqi was also a native of Tus.
In 1220, Tus was sacked by the Mongol general,Subutai, and a year laterTolui would kill most of its populace,[7] and destroying the tomb of CaliphHarun al-Rashid in the process.[8] Tus was rebuilt in 1239 under the governorship of Kuerguez.[8] The city was attacked again in 1256 by the Mongols duringHulegu's campaign against the Nizari Ismailis.[9][10]
Ferdowsi Tomb has beennationally registered in theIranian Cultural Heritage and Tourism Organization and at the suggestion of theCultural Heritage Organization and Ferdowsi Foundation, efforts have been made to pursue the registration of Ferdowsi Tomb in the UNESCOWorld Heritage List.[11]
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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