Turku metropolitan area Turun kaupunkiseutu –Åbo stadsregion | |
|---|---|
Metropolitan area | |
 Turku skyline | |
 | |
| Country | Finland |
| Region | Southwest Finland |
| Sub-region | Turku sub-region |
| Seat | Turku |
| Area | |
| • Land | 1,185.24 km2 (457.62 sq mi) |
| Population (2025-06-30) | |
• Total | 316,535 |
| • Density | 267.1/km2 (692/sq mi) |
| GDP | |
| • Total | €20.0 billion (2021) |
| Website | turunseutu |
Turku metropolitan area orTurku region (Finnish:Turun seutu,Swedish:Åbo region) is the metropolitan area around the city ofTurku inFinland. The joint municipal authority of theTurku city region (Finnish:Turun kaupunkiseutu,Swedish:Åbo stadsregion) consists of six municipalities: Turku,Kaarina,Lieto,Naantali,Raisio andRusko.[2] The Turku metropolitan area forms a compact, urban-like regional growth centre where peoplecommute from a relatively large area of theSouthwest Finland region.
The Turku metropolitan area has a population of about 317,000, making it the third largest region in Finland afterHelsinki andTampere. The terms Turku metropolitan area, Turku region, Turku city region, Greater Turku and the other terms used are not fixed and may vary in different contexts.
Turku metropolitan area differs from theTurku sub-region (Finnish:Turun seutukunta), which also includes the municipalities ofMasku,Mynämäki,Nousiainen,Paimio andSauvo. The Turku sub-region is used forstatistical purposes. It is based on cooperation between municipalities and thecommuting area. The sub-region has a population of about 353,000.
Turku metropolitan area has twouniversities and threeuniversities of applied sciences.[3] Finland's largestbio-industrial cluster of research and companies is located in Turku.[4] There are alsoICT concentrations in the cities of Turku and Salo. The Turku metropolitan area is located on theBaltic Sea coast with its logistical activities. The region's two seaports, thePort of Turku and thePort of Naantali, and theshipbuilding industry are major employers in the area.[5]Turku Airport has logistics industries for sea, air, rail and road freight.[6]
TheTurku region is located in the southwestern corner of Finland around the city of Turku. It is part of the region of Southwest Finland and Western Finland. It is bordered by theSalo sub-region to the east, theLoimaa sub-region to the northeast,Vakka-Suomi to the north andÅboland to the southwest. The Turku region has part of theArchipelago Sea with its various islands to the southwest.[7]
TheTurku city region consists of four major cities. Turku in the centre, Naantali and Raisio in the west and Kaarina in the east. The coastline is occupied by two seaports, one of Naantali and one of Turku. All four cities are connected to theTurku Ring Road and the Kaarinantie road. There are also connections to theE18 andE63 motorways and national roads1,8,9 and10.Turku Airport is located north of the city and the ring road, and its area is partly shared between Rusko and Turku. Northeast of the airport, the city region ends and the Finnish interior with its forests and countryside begins.
As a large part of the region lies in the Archipelago Sea, there are several islands in the area and some of the municipalities, such as Rymättylä, are entirely on islands. The Turku city region has some of the most notable islands in the Archipelago Sea, such asLuonnonmaa in Naantali,Hirvensalo,Kakskerta andRuissalo in Turku, andKuusisto in Kaarina. The islands are not very populated, except for Hirvensalo in Turku, which is very close to the city centre. Most of the islands are covered by forests, but there are also fields close to the mainland.[8]
Most of the water in the Turku region is concentrated in the Archipelago Sea, but there are also several lakes and reservoirs, some of which are located on the islands. The sea is mostly narrow straits between islands. Most of the water is quite shallow, but the main sea routes can be used by the world's largest cruise ships, some of which are built at the Turku shipyard.
The mainland is full of small hills, valleys and river valleys. The hills are often rocky, like the islands of the archipelago, and in fact these hills used to be part of the archipelago just after theIce Age, but theyrose from the sea and were connected to the mainland. Some of the hills were used as watchtowers in the days of the Vikings, who raided villages along the Baltic Sea. When the sentries spotted the Vikings, they would light an alarm fire on the top of the hill so that other sentry hills in the row would see it and light their own fire. One of these hills isVartiovuori in Turku, which actually means "Guardian Hill". The river valleys have always been places of settlement, safe from the open sea and yet close and connected to it. When the valleys aren't inhabited, they are usually occupied by grain fields.
The majority of the population of the Turku metropolitan area lives within the ring roads. The population density is quite high. Outside the city region, the population density drops sharply and urbanisation is more concentrated and surrounded by the countryside. Although the Turku metropolitan area as a whole has a low population density, it is worth noting that there are large unpopulated areas within the city limits, where activity and population are actually more concentrated. These more densely populated areas do not only exist in Turku, but also in four cities from Naantali to Kaarina.
The heart of the region is theMarket Square in the centre of Turku. The city centre is quite small and concentrated, comprising only 4 to 5 km2 blocks. Small and sprawling neighbourhoods surrounding the city centre were built around the 50s and 60s, along with more modern buildings. Further away from the city centre (about 5 to 10 km) are the larger suburbs and neighbourhoods, which may have their own centres. There are also several large shopping centres.
The bus network is the only form of public transport in the Turku city region, although there have been discussions and preliminary decisions about reinstating alight rail system in the 2030s.[9]
| Coat of arms | Municipality | Population | Land area (km2) | Density (/km2) | Finnish speakers | Swedish speakers | Other speakers |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Kaarina | 36,631 | 151 | 243 | 88 % | 5 % | 7 % |
 | Lieto | 20,694 | 301 | 69 | 94 % | 2 % | 5 % |
 | Naantali | 20,312 | 313 | 65 | 94 % | 1 % | 4 % |
 | Raisio | 25,846 | 49 | 530 | 85 % | 1 % | 14 % |
 | Rusko | 6,397 | 127 | 50 | 95 % | 2 % | 3 % |
 | Turku | 206,655 | 246 | 841 | 78 % | 5 % | 17 % |
| Total | 316,535 | 1,185 | 267 | 82 % | 4 % | 13 % |