 Map of the Turkish people around the world | |
| Total population | |
|---|---|
| 6.5 million (2025) | |
| Languages | |
| Turkish language | |
| Religion | |
TheTurkish diaspora (Turkish:Türk diasporası orTürk gurbetçiler) refers to ethnic Turkish people who have migrated from, or are the descendants of migrants from, theRepublic of Turkey,Northern Cyprus or other modern nation-states that were once part of the formerOttoman Empire. Therefore, the Turkish diaspora is not only formed by people with roots from mainlandAnatolia andEastern Thrace (i.e. the modern Turkish borders); rather, it is also formed ofTurkish communities which have also left traditional areas of Turkish settlements in theBalkans (such asBulgaria,Greece,North Macedonia,Romania, etc.), the island ofCyprus, the region ofMeskhetia inGeorgia, and theArab world (such asAlgeria,Iraq,Lebanon).
In particular, most mainland Turkish migration has been toWestern andNorthern Europe. Meanwhile, almost all the Turkish minorities in former Ottoman lands have a large diaspora in Turkey, many having migrated asmuhacirs (refugees); furthermore, theCretan Turks have migrated throughout theLevant;Cypriot Turks have a significant diaspora in the English-speaking countries (especially theUK andAustralia); theMeskhetian Turks have a large diaspora inCentral Asia; andAlgerian Turks andTunisian Turks have mostly settled inFrance. SinceBulgarian Turks andRomanian Turks gainedEU citizenship in2007, their diasporas in Western Europe significantly increased once restrictions on movement came to a halt in 2012.
As early as 1997 Professor Servet Bayram and Professor Barbara Seels said that there was 10 million Turks living in Western Europe and the Balkans (i.e. excluding Cyprus and Turkey).[1] By 2010, Boris Kharkovsky from the Center for Ethnic and Political Science Studies said that there was up to 15 million Turks living in theEuropean Union.[2] According to Dr Araks Pashayan 10 million "Euro-Turks" alone were living in Germany,France, the Netherlands andBelgium in 2012.[3] Furthermore, there are significant Turkish communities living inAustria, theUK,Switzerland,Italy,Liechtenstein and theScandinavian countries. Meanwhile, approximately 400,000Meskhetian Turks live in Europe .[4]
In addition to the modern Turkish diaspora in Europe, there are also traditionalTurkish communities in post-Ottoman nation-states. For example,Turkish Cypriots and Turkish settlers living inNorth Cyprus number around 300,000 to 500,000. In addition, inSoutheastern Europe there is over 1 million Turks living in theBalkan countries (i.e.Bosnia and Herzegovina,Bulgaria,Croatia,Greece,Kosovo,Montenegro,North Macedonia,Romania andSerbia).[5] Since the 20th century, these ethnic Turkish communities have also migrated to Western Europe and have enlarged the Turkish diaspora significantly (e.g.Algerian Turks have mostly settled in France;Bulgarian Turks have migrated mostly to Germany, the Netherlands, and Sweden; Turkish Cypriots have a large population in the UK;Macedonian Turks have migrated mostly to Sweden;Tunisian Turks have migrated mostly to France and Italy; andWestern Thrace Turks have mostly migrated to Germany and the Netherlands). More recently, since the "European migrant crisis" (2014–20),Iraqi Turks,Kosovo Turks andSyrian Turks have also settled in areas where there are large Turkish diasporas.
Consequently, within the diaspora, ethnic Turkish people now form the largest minority group inAustria,Denmark,Germany and theNetherlands.[6]
In March 2017, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan stated to the Turks in Europe, "Make not three, but five children. Because you are the future of Europe. That will be the best response to the injustices against you." This has been interpreted as an imperialist call for demographic warfare.[7]
According toThe Economist, Erdoğan is the first Turkish leader to take the Turkish diaspora seriously, which has created friction within these diaspora communities and between the Turkish government and several of its European counterparts.[8]
TheTurkish-Germans are the largest ethnic minority group inGermany and also the largest Turkish community in the Turkish diaspora.
The German census counts around three million Turks living in Germany. This does not only count those born in Turkey, but also descendants.[9] The majority of ethnic Turks living in Germany have either arrived from or originate fromTurkey; however, there are also significant ethnicTurkish communities which have come from (or descend from) other post-Ottoman nation-states in theBalkans (especially fromBulgaria andGreece), as well as from theisland of Cyprus, andLebanon. More recently, since theEuropean migrant crisis (2014–19), there has also been a significant increase in the number of ethnic Turks fromSyria,Iraq andKosovo who have come to Germany.
The German state does not allow citizens to self-declare their identity; consequently, the statistics published in the official German census does not show data on ethnicity.[10] According to the 2023 estimation, roughly 3 million German residents had a "migration background" from Turkey.[11]
TheTurks living in France form one of the largest Turkish communities in Western Europe. Official data on the total number of French Turks is not available because the French census only records statistics on the country of birth rather than one's ethnic affiliation.
Although the majority of French Turks are descend from people from theRepublic of Turkey, there has also been significant Turkish migration from other post-Ottoman countries including ethnicTurkish communities which have come to France fromNorth Africa (especiallyAlgeria andTunisia), theBalkans (e.g. fromBulgaria,Greece,Kosovo,North Macedonia andRomania), the island ofCyprus, and more recently fromIraq,Lebanon, andSyria.
In 2014 ProfessorPierre Vermeren [fr] reported inL'Express that the Turkish population was around 800,000.[17] However, an earlier academic publication in 2010 by Dr Jean-Gustave Hentz and Dr Michel Hasselmann said that there were already 1 million Turks living in France.[12] Professor İzzet Er,[13] as well as theFrench-Armenian politician Garo Yalic (who is an advisor toValerie Boyer),[14] also said that there were 1,000,000 Turks in France in 2011 and 2012 respectively. More recently, the Turkish-French population has been estimated to be more than one million according to French-published articles inLe Petit Journal (2019)[15] andMarianne (2020).[16]
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TheTurkish-Dutch community form the largest ethnic minority group in theNetherlands. The majority of Dutch Turks descend from theRepublic of Turkey; however there has also been significant Turkish migration waves from other post-Ottoman countries including ethnicTurkish communities which have come to the Netherlands from theBalkans (e.g. especially fromBulgaria,Greece, andNorth Macedonia),[18] the island ofCyprus,[18] and more recently during theEuropean migrant crisis fromSyria,Iraq andKosovo. In addition, there has been migration to the Netherlands from the Turkish diaspora; manyTurkish-Belgians andTurkish-Germans have arrived in the country asBelgian andGerman citizens.[18]
The Dutch official census only collects data on country of birth, rather than ethnically; consequently, the total number of ethnic Turkish migrants (regardless of country of birth) nor the third, fourth or fifth generation of the Turkish-Dutch community have been collectively counted.[18] Assistant Professor Suzanne Aalberse, Professor Ad Backus and ProfessorPieter Muysken have said that "over the years" the Dutch-Turkish community "must have numbered half a million".[19] However, there are significantly higher estimates. As early as 2003, the political scientist and international relations expert DrNathalie Tocci said that there was already "two million Turks in Holland".[20] Rita van Veen also reported inTrouw that there was 2 million Turks in the Netherlands in 2007.[21] More recently, in 2020, a report published inL1mburg Centraal estimated that there are more than 2 million Dutch-Turks.[22]Voetbal International also reported in 2020 that the Dutch football clubFortuna Sittard will be carrying out annual scouting activities to find "Turkish talent" among the approximately 2 million Turkish-Dutch community.[23]
In 2009The Sophia Echo reported thatBulgarian Turks were now the fastest-growing group of immigrants in the Netherlands.[24]
TheCBS gives a total number, 444.300 Turks in 2022, up from 271.500 in 1996. About half were born in the Netherlands (second generation) and the other half outside the Netherlands (first generation)[25] The third generation, those who are born in the Netherlands including their parents but at least one grandparent not, was 36.200 in 2022. This only accounts for people being between the age of 0 and 55. In 2022 there were about 430.000 Turks in the Netherlands. The third generation is counted as autochthonous. Thus, the total number of people in the Netherlands with at least one grandparent born in Turkey in 2022 was at least 466.200.[26]
TheTurkish community, including descendants, form the largest ethnic minority inAustria. In 2011 a report by theInitiative Minderheiten said that there was 360,000 people of Turkish origin living in Austria.[27] This figure has also been echoed by the formerAustrian Foreign Minister andChancellor of AustriaSebastian Kurz.[28] However, the former AustrianMEP,Andreas Mölzer, has claimed that there are 500,000 Turks in the country.[29]
In 2012 ProfessorRaymond Taras said that theBelgian-Turkish community was over 200,000.[30] More recently, in 2019 Dr Altay Manço and Dr Ertugrul Taş said that there was 250,000 Belgian residents of Turkish origin.[31]
In 2011 theHome Affairs Committee stated that there was 500,000British Turks made up of 300,000Turkish Cypriots, 150,000 Turkish nationals (i.e. people from Turkey), and smaller groups ofBulgarian Turks andRomanian Turks.[32] Despite a lack of statistics on the collective number of Turks who have immigrated from their traditional homelands, it is known thatGermany,Austria, theNetherlands andFrance all have larger Turkish diaspora communities than the UK.[33]
In 2009 the Swedish Ministry for Foreign Affairs said that there was almost 100,000 people with a Turkish background living inSweden.[34] More recently, in 2018 the Swedish Consul General, Therese Hyden, said that the population was now around 150,000.[35]
In 2017 there was over 120,000Turks living in Switzerland. They mostly live in German-speaking regions, especially in the cantons of Zurich, Aargau and Basel. Figures on naturalization and migration from Turkey has been declining, however, the Swiss population with a Turkish background continues to grow.[36]
TheTurkish community form the largest ethnic minority inDenmark. In 2008, it was estimated that Danes of Turkish origin numbered 70,000.[37][38]
In 2020 there were 50,000 Turkish citizens living inItaly;[39] however, this figure does not includenaturalized Italian citizens of Turkish origin or their descendants. Between 2008 and 2020 some 5,295 Turkish citizens acquired Italian citizenship.[40]
In addition to the diaspora, some of the population inMoena has identified as Turkish since the 17th century.[41]
In 2013 there were roughly 16,500 Norwegians of Turkish descent living inNorway.[42]
In 2010 Professor Zeki Kütük said that there was approximately 10,000 people of Turkish origin living inFinland.[43]
In 2013 data from theInstitute of Public Affairs showed that there was 5,000 Turks living inPoland.[44]
In 2021 data from theNational Statistical Institute showed that there were 1,363 Turks legally living inPortugal.[45] In addition, between 2002 and 2020, 270 Turks acquiredPortuguese citizenship.[46]
Luxembourg does not formally collect ethnic or racial data of its citizens,[47] however according to the Turkish embassy in Luxembourg, about 1,000 Turkish nationals were living in Luxembourg around the time of the2017 Turkish referendum. Close to 10,000 Turkish people voted from Luxembourg, the others having come from neighbouring countries, who found the Luxembourg voting location closer to their homes.[48]
Liechtenstein does not record data on the ethnicity of its citizens; however, in 2009, the Turkish community was estimated to number approximately 1,000 out of a total population of 35,000.[49] Hence, estimates suggest that the Turks form around 3% of Liechtenstein's total population and that they are the fifth largest ethnic group in the country.[50]
In 1996 Professor John J. Grabowski estimated that there was 500,000 Turks living in theUnited States.[52] By 2009, Erdal Şafak said that the Turkish American community was approximately 850,000 to 900,000.[53] More recently, in 2012 the formerUnited States Secretary of Commerce,John Bryson, confirmed at theCenter for American Progress that theTurkish American community was now over 1,000,000:[51]
Here in the U.S., you can see our person-to-person relationships growing stronger each day. You can see it in the 13,000 Turkish students that are studying here in the U.S. You can see it in corporate leaders likeMuhtar Kent, the CEO ofCoca-Cola, and you can see it in more than one million Turkish-Americans who add to the rich culture and fabric of our country. –John Bryson (2012)[51][54]
There are, however, much higher estimates. Non-governmental Turkish organizations in the USA claim that there are at least 3,000,000 people of Turkish origin living in the United States, including Turkish Americans as well as new Turkish migrant workers, students and illegal migrants. Consequently, since the twenty-first century, the Turkish American population is fast approaching the significant number ofTurks in Germany because most students, expats, etc. decide to live permanently in the United States.[53]
According to the 2016 Canadian census, 63,955 people voluntarily declared their ethnicity as "Turkish".[55] However, in 2018, the Canadian Ambassador Chris Cooter said that there was approximately 100,000 Turkish Canadians living in the country, as well as several thousand Turkish students:
We have a growing Turkish diaspora and they’re doing very well in Canada. We think it’s 100,000, largely inToronto. We have several thousand Turkish students in Canada as well. We are trying to make sure that two-way relationship is growing. – Canadian Ambassador Chris Cooter (2018)[56]
The "Federation of Canadian Turkish Associations"[57] and the "Federation of Chinese Canadians in Markham" have also reported that there was over 100,000 Turkish Canadians living in the country.[58]
According to statistics, there are likely around 27,000 people of Turkish ancestry in Venezuela. This refers to people who are either descendants of immigrants who came from theOttoman Empire before 1923 or who came from theRepublic of Turkey since then. Additionally, Turks who immigrated from countries neighboring Turkey are also counted in this figure. It's likely that most of theTurkish Venezuelans trace their ancestry to immigrants from the Ottoman Empire, who arrived to Venezuela at the same time most of theArab diaspora in South America had emigrated as well.[citation needed]
According to Brazilian statistics, there are 2,902 Turkish-born people living in Brazil as of 2024.[59]
In 1994 a report byThe Age estimated that theTurkish Australian community numbered 150,000.[60] By 2013Louise Asher, who was a member of theVictorian Legislative Assembly, said that the Turkish Australian community inMelbourne alone had numbered 300,000.[61] More recently, the number of Turkish Australians who originate fromTurkey reached 200,000 in 2017;[62] in addition, theTurkish Cypriot-Australian community was estimated to number 120,000 in 2016.[63]
In 2010 the Turkish-New Zealander population was estimated to number between 2,000 and 3,000;[64] in addition, theTurkish Cypriot-New Zealander population was 1,600 in 2016.[63]
Initially, the first wave of migration occurred in 1830 when many Turks were forced to leave the region once the French took control over Algeria; approximately 10,000 were shipped off toTurkey whilst many others migrated to other regions of theOttoman Empire, includingPalestine,Syria,Arabia, andEgypt.[65] Furthermore, some Turkish/Kouloughli families also settled inMorocco (such as inTangier andTétouan).[66]
In regards to modern migration, there are manyAlgerian Turks who have emigrated toEurope and, hence, make up part of Algeria's diaspora. For example, there is a noticeable Algerian community of Turkish descent living inEngland.[citation needed] Many Algerians attend theSuleymaniye Mosque which is owned by theBritish-Turkish community.[67] There are also thousands of Algerian Turks living inFrance.[citation needed]Germany,Switzerland, theNetherlands,Belgium,Canada, andSpain are also top receiving countries of Algerian citizens.[68]
| Country | Population | Further information |
|---|---|---|
 Turkey | 1,160,614 have emigrated between 1879 and 1992[69] | not including descendants |
 Sweden | 30,000[70] | |
 Netherlands | 10,000-30,000[24] | |
 Austria | 1,000[71] |
| Country | ProfAndrew Rippin (1971 estimates) | Further information |
|---|---|---|
| Turkey | 200,000[72] | |
 Egypt | 100,000[72] | |
 Libya | 100,000[72] | |
 Lebanon Palestine Syria | 50,000[72] |
| Country | Council of Europe (1993 estimate)[73] | TRNC Ministry of Foreign Affairs (2001 estimate)[74] | TÜBİTAK (2016 estimate)[63] | Other estimates | Further information |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Turkey | 300,000 (immigrants only) | 500,000 | 500,000 | 300,000 (1968 estimate)[75] Including descendants, exceeding 600,000 (2018 estimate)[76] | seeTurkish Cypriot muhacirs |
 United Kingdom | 100,000 (immigrants only inEngland) | 200,000 | 300,000 | 300,000[32][77]-400,000[78][79] (including descendants) | British Cypriots British Turks |
 Australia | 30,000 (immigrants only) | 40,000 | 120,000 | 120,000[80] (including descendants) | Turkish Australian |
North America United States Canada | N/A 6,000 (immigrants only) 6,000 (immigrants only) | 10,000 N/A N/A | N/A 5,000 1,800 | N/A 5,000[80] 1,800[80] | Cypriot American Turkish American Turkish Canadians |
| Palestine | N/A | N/A | N/A | 4,000 (early twentieth centuryTurkish Cypriot brides only)[81][82] | |
 Germany | N/A | N/A | 2,000 | 2,000[80] | Turks in Germany |
 New Zealand | N/A | N/A | 1,600 | 1,600[80] | Turks in New Zealand |
 South Africa | N/A | N/A | "small community" | N/A[80] | Turks in South Africa |
| Other | N/A | 5,000 | N/A | N/A |
There is a roughly 2000+ strong Turkish community living in India in the cities of Delhi, Mumbai and Hyderabad[1]
Most Iraqi Turkmen migrate toTurkey[83] followed byGermany,[83]Denmark,[83] andSweden.[83] There are also Iraqi Turkmen communities living inCanada,[83] theUnited States,[83]Australia,[83]New Zealand,[citation needed]Greece,[84] theNetherlands,[85] and theUnited Kingdom.[86]
There are many established Iraqi Turkmen diaspora communities, such as the Canadian Iraqi Turkmen Culture Association, based in Canada.[87]
Due to the numerouswars inLebanon since the 1970s onwards, manyLebanese Turks have soughtrefuge inTurkey andEurope, particularly inGermany. Indeed, many Lebanese Turks were aware of the large German-Turkish population and saw this as an opportunity to find work once settling in Europe. In particular, the largest wave of Lebanese-Turkish migration occurred once theIsrael-Lebanon war of 2006 began. During this period more than 20,000 Turks fled Lebanon, particularly fromBeirut, and settled in Germany.[88]
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| Country | Dr Aydıngün (2006 estimate)[89] | Al Jazeera (2014 estimate)[4] | Further information |
|---|---|---|---|
 Kazakhstan | 150,000 | 180,000 | |
 Azerbaijan | 90,000-110,000 | 87,000 | |
 Russia | 70,000-90,000 | 95,000 | |
 Kyrgyzstan | 50,000 | 42,000 | |
| Turkey | 40,000 | 76,000 | |
| United States | 15,000[90] | 16,000 | |
 Uzbekistan | 15,000 | 38,000 | |
 Ukraine | 10,000 | 8,000 | |
 Northern Cyprus | 180 |
Both during and after the1947–1949 Palestine war, some members of Palestine's Turkish minority fled the region (particularly theJezreel Valley region and theGolan Heights) and settled inLebanon,Syria, andJordan.[91][92] In Jordan, there is approximately 55,000 Palestinian-Turkish refugees inIrbid[93] 5,000 nearAmman[93] 5,000 in El-Sahne[93] 3,000 in El-Reyyan[93] 2,500 in El-Bakaa[93] 1,500 in El-Zerkaa[93] and 1,500 inSahab[93]
Since the outbreak of theSyrian Civil War, hundreds of thousands ofSyrian Turkmen have been internally displaced and/or forced to leave the country, and most of them have sought refuge in neighbouring states and Western Europe. In particular, approximately 300,000[citation needed] to 500,000[94] Syrian Turkmen have taken refuge in theRepublic of Turkey. Moreover, there are between 125,000 and 150,000[95][96] Syrian Turkmen refugees inLebanon, which means they outnumber the long-establishedTurkish minority in Lebanon.
In 2020 it was reported that 1 million Syrian Turkmen were living in Turkey and demanding that the Turkish government grant themTurkish citizenship.[97]
In 2012, it was estimated that around 280,000 Jews living inIsrael were from Turkey or of Turkish descent.[98] In Israel, theArkadaş Association was founded by Turkish Jews to maintain their relationship with Turkey.
In 1990, it was estimated that around 300,000 to 400,000Western Thrace Turks had migrated toTurkey since 1923.[99][100] Moreover, from the 1950s onwards,Turks of Western Thrace began to immigrate toWestern Europe alongside otherGreek citizens.[101] Whilst many Western Thrace Turks had intended to return to Greece after working for a number of years, a new Greek law was introduced which effectively forced the minority to remain in their host countries. Article 19 of the 1955Greek Constitution essentially stripped theWestern Thrace Turks living abroad (particularly those inGermany andTurkey) of theirGreek citizenship.[102]According to Article 19 of the Greek Constitution
A person of non-Greek ethnic origin leaving Greece without the intention of returning may be declared as having lost Greek nationality.[102]
This law continued to effect Western Thrace Turks studying in Turkey and Germany in the late 1980s. A report published by theHuman Rights Watch in 1990 confirmed that:
Under Article 19, ethnic Turks can be stripped of their citizenship by an administrative decree, without a hearing. According to the U.S. State Department's 1989 Country Report, under Greek law there can be no judicial review and there is no effective right of appeal.[102]
Despite many being stripped of their Greek citizenship since 1955, Western Thrace Turks continued to migrate to Western Europe the 1960s and 1970s because the Thracian tobacco industry was affected by a severe crisis and many tobacco growers lost their income. Between 1970 and 2010, approximately 40,000 Western Thrace Turks arrived in Western Europe, most of which settled in Germany.[103] In addition, between 2010 and 2018, a further 30,000 Western Thrace Turks left for Western Europe due to theGreek government-debt crisis.[103] Thus, in addition to the thousands who migrated in the 1950s and 1960s, 70,000 Western Thrace Turks have migrated to Western Europe between 1970 and 2018.[103] Around 80% of the Western Thracian Turks in Western Europe are living in Germany.[104] The remainder have emigrated to theNetherlands, theUnited Kingdom,Austria andItaly; furthermore, outside of Europe, they have built communities inAustralia,Canada and theUnited States.[105]
| Country | Yes | Yes (%) | No | No (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Albania | 153 | 41.80% | 213 | 58.20% |
| Algeria | 356 | 43.00% | 472 | 57.00% |
| Australia | 5,960 | 41.82% | 8,290 | 58.18% |
| Austria | 38,215 | 73.23% | 13,972 | 26.77% |
| Azerbaijan | 1,024 | 38.31% | 1,649 | 61.69% |
| Bahrain | 69 | 13.56% | 440 | 86.44% |
| Belgium | 54,083 | 74.98% | 18,044 | 25.02% |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 750 | 61.83% | 463 | 38.17% |
| Bulgaria | 365 | 28.65% | 909 | 71.35% |
| Canada | 3,247 | 27.92% | 8,384 | 72.08% |
| China | 213 | 23.77% | 683 | 76.23% |
| Czech Republic | 73 | 12.54% | 509 | 87.46% |
| Denmark | 6,604 | 60.63% | 4,288 | 39.37% |
| Egypt | 259 | 59.00% | 180 | 41.00% |
| Finland | 558 | 28.45% | 1,403 | 71.55% |
| France | 91,266 | 64.85% | 49,475 | 35.15% |
| Georgia | 285 | 40.66% | 416 | 59.34% |
| Germany | 412,149 | 63.07% | 241,353 | 36.93% |
| Greece | 176 | 22.62% | 602 | 77.38% |
| Hungary | 232 | 25.75% | 669 | 74.25% |
| Iran | 121 | 45.32% | 146 | 54.68% |
| Iraq | 119 | 34.59% | 225 | 65.41% |
| Ireland | 173 | 19.93% | 695 | 80.07% |
| Israel | 284 | 43.43% | 370 | 56.57% |
| Italy | 2,135 | 37.94% | 3,492 | 62.06% |
| Japan | 416 | 36.11% | 736 | 63.89% |
| Jordan | 349 | 75.87% | 111 | 24.13% |
| Kazakhstan | 636 | 41.41% | 900 | 58.59% |
| Kosovo | 404 | 57.14% | 303 | 42.86% |
| Kuwait | 191 | 23.38% | 626 | 76.62% |
| Kyrgyzstan | 499 | 57.36% | 371 | 42.64% |
| Lebanon | 1,058 | 93.88% | 69 | 6.12% |
| Luxembourg | 5,987 | 62.86% | 3,538 | 37.14% |
| Macedonia | 618 | 57.97% | 448 | 42.03% |
| Netherlands | 82,672 | 70.94% | 33,871 | 29.06% |
| New Zealand | 32 | 17.68% | 149 | 82.32% |
| Northern Cyprus | 19,225 | 45.18% | 23,324 | 54.82% |
| Norway | 2,193 | 57.20% | 1,641 | 42.80% |
| Oman | 138 | 24.04% | 436 | 75.96% |
| Poland | 302 | 25.61% | 877 | 74.39% |
| Qatar | 241 | 18.89% | 1,035 | 81.11% |
| Romania | 824 | 44.64% | 1,022 | 55.36% |
| Russia | 833 | 26.02% | 2,368 | 73.98% |
| Saudi Arabia | 4,475 | 55.06% | 3,653 | 44.94% |
| Singapore | 284 | 44.31% | 357 | 55.69% |
| South Africa | 126 | 36.84% | 216 | 63.16% |
| Spain | 172 | 13.32% | 1,119 | 86.68% |
| Sudan | 240 | 65.93% | 124 | 34.07% |
| Sweden | 4,367 | 47.09% | 4,902 | 52.91% |
| Switzerland | 19,181 | 38.08% | 31,193 | 61.92% |
| Thailand | 27 | 12.92% | 182 | 87.02% |
| Turkmenistan | 510 | 43.74% | 656 | 56.26% |
| Ukraine | 341 | 35.74 | 613 | 64.26% |
| United Arab Emirates | 395 | 13.31% | 2,572 | 86.69% |
| United Kingdom | 7,177 | 20.26% | 28,247 | 79.79% |
| United States | 5,296 | 16.20% | 27,397 | 83.80% |
| Uzbekistan | 169 | 53.65% | 146 | 46.35% |
| Border Gates | 52,961 | 54.17% | 44,816 | 45.83% |
| Overseas results | 831,208 | 59.09% | 575,365 | 40.91% |
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This was the second election, after the2014 presidential election, in whichTurkish expats were given the right to vote. Furthermore, votes were also cast 38 customs gates in airports, ports and border gates around the country. In an overseas vote period lasting 23 days between 8 May and 31 May 2015, the turnout was significantly higher than that in the presidential election, reaching 37% as opposed to the 8% recorded in 2014.
Out of the 54 countries where expats were given the vote, theJustice and Development Party (AKP) won the most votes in 23 countries. TheRepublican People's Party (CHP) won the most votes in 18 countries. ThePeoples' Democratic Party (HDP) won the most votes in 11 countries and theNationalist Movement Party (MHP) managed to win the most votes in only one country, namelyAlbania.
The overseas vote, which had been won by AKP candidateRecep Tayyip Erdoğan with over 62.3% in the 2014 presidential election, showed a significantswing of around 10% from the AKP to the HDP, which increased its overseas vote share from 9.8% (that their candidateSelahattin Demirtaş won in 2014) to over 20%. The AKP, on the other hand, won just over 50%, coming first due to strong support from countries with a significant Turkish expat population, such asGermany andAustria.
The following table shows the winners according to countries in which Turkish consulates held voting periods for the election.
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* InGreece, theHDP andCHP each received 174 votes (29.4%) and came joint first.
Results are listed in alphabetical order.[107] Although Ekmeleddin İhsanoğlu won the most pluralities and majorities, the significantly larger Turkish electorate in countries that heavily voted for Erdoğan resulted in Erdoğan breaking many predictions by receiving nearly two thirds of the overseas vote. InCairo, the city in which İhsanoğlu was born, 53.73% voted for İhsanoğlu with 44.03% voting for Erdoğan. Regardless, İhsanoğlu won inEgypt by just one vote, due to large support for Erdoğan inAlexandria.[108] Note that in the maps,Greenland is considered part ofDenmark, despite the fact that no voting took place in Greenland.
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A summary of the numbers of countries won by each candidate is shown below.
| Candidate | Countries with pluralities (<50%) | Countries with majorities (>50%) | Combined | Proportion | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Recep Tayyip Erdoğan | 4 | 19 | 23 | 42.59% | |
| Ekmeleddin Mehmet İhsanoğlu | 8 | 23 | 31 | 57.41% | |
| Selahattin Demirtaş | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.00% | |
Total | 12 | 42 | 54 | 100.00% | |
There are about 10 million Turks living in the Balkan area of southeastern Europe and in western Europe at present.
This is not all of a sudden, says expert at the Center for Ethnic and Political Science Studies, Boris Kharkovsky. "These days, up to 15 million Turks live in the EU countries...
There are around 10 million Euro-Turks living in the European Union countries of Germany, France, the Netherlands and Belgium.
One-fifth of the Turkish population is estimated to have Balkan origins. Additionally, more than one million Turks live in Balkan countries, constituting a bridge between these countries and Turkey.
The German census does not gather data on ethnicity, however according to estimates, somewhere between 4–7 million people with Turkish roots, or 5–9% of the population, live in Germany.
La France d'aujourd'hui est une société multiculturelle et multiethnique riche de 4,9 millions de migrants représentant environ 8 % de la population du pays. L'immigration massive de populations du sud de l'Europe de culture catholique après la deuxième guerre mondiale a été suivie par l'arrivée de trois millions d'Africains du Nord, d'un million de Turcs et de contingents importants d'Afrique Noire et d'Asie qui ont implanté en France un islam majoritairement sunnite (Maghrébins et Africains de l'Ouest) mais aussi chiite (Pakistanais et Africains de l'Est).
İzzet ER Hocamız konuşmasında katılımcıları selamladıktan sonra, Fransa'da resmi verilere göre, 550 bin Türk nüfusunun bulunduğunu, bu sayının gayrı resmi olarak 1 milyon civarında tahmin edildiğini söyledi.
there are also about a million French people of Turkish origin that will show their weight in the electoral balance.
En France, la population franco-turque a dépassé le million.
... et ce grâce à la nombreuse diaspora turque, en particulier en France et en Allemagne. Ils seraient environ un million dans l'Hexagone, si ce n'est plus...es raisons derrière ne sont pas difficiles à deviner : l'immense population turque en Allemagne, estimée par Merkel elle-même aux alentours de sept millions et qui ne manquerait pas de se faire entendre si l'Allemagne prenait des mesures allant à l'encontre de la Turquie.
Depuis dix ans, ce chiffre est régulièrement ben brèche: les estimations hautes décrivent une France qui compterait 4 à 5 millions d'Algériens et descendants, autour de 3 millions de Marocains, 1 million de Tunisiens, 2 millions d'Africains du Sahel, 800 000 Turcs, etc.
Officieel zijn ze met bijna 500.000 mensen aanwezig in Nederland, meer omdat Turken uit Bulgarije..., Griekenland..., Cyprus..., Macedonie... en bijvoorbeeld Turken die geen Turkse ntionaliteit meer habben of Turken uit Belgie en Duitsland die zich nu gevestigd hebben in Nederland. Hiermee zouden er bijna driekwart miljon tot een miljoen Turken in Nederland wonen.
the Dutch Turkish community... out of a population that over the years must have numbered half a million.
The Dutch government was concerned about Turkey's reaction to the European Council's conclusions on Cyprus, keeping in mind the presence of two million Turks in Holland and the strong business links with Turkey.
Erol kan niet voor alle twee miljoen Turken in Nederland spreken, maar hij denkt dat Beatrix wel goed ligt bij veel van zijn landgenoten.
in de regio rondom Limburg, waar dik twee miljoen Turken binnen een...
Was sind die Gründe für dieses massive Unbehagen angesichts von rund 360.000 Menschen türkischer Herkunft?
Austrian Foreign Minister Sebastian Kurz said Erdogan is "not welcome" to hold campaign events, adding that it would "increase friction" in Austria and prevent the integration of a 360,000-strong minority of Turkish origin.
It follows that large Muslim minorities like the Turks – who total over 200,000 in Belgium
The Home Office says that there are about 150,000 Turkish nationals living in Britain at present, with about 500,000 people of Turkish origin living in the country altogether. But Germany, Austria, the Netherlands and France all have larger Turkish communities which are more likely to attract a new wave of legal migration.
Having said that, a few thousand Swedish citizens currently live in Turkey and the number went up 60 percent in 2017. According to Hyden, Turkish hospitality played an important part behind this increase. She said around 150,000 Turkish citizens live in Sweden, which has a total population of 10 million.
Ud af cirka 200.000 muslimer i Danmark har 70.000 tyrkiske rødder, og de udgør dermed langt den største muslimske indvandrergruppe.
Der er omkring 200.000 muslimer i Danmark. Heraf har 70.000 tyrkiske rødder og udgør dermed den største muslimske indvandrergruppe.
İtalya'da yaşayan 50 bin kadar Türk vatandaşının
Toplam sayılarının 10 000 civarında olduğu tahmin edilen Türklerin...
Turków jest w Polsce ok. 5 tys. – wynika z danych opracowanych przez Instytut Spraw Publicznych.
Bu küçücük ülkede yaşayan 1000 Türk'ten...
Bu sayı toplam nüfusun yüzde 3'üne denk geliyor.
Here in the U.S., you can see our person-to-person relationships growing stronger each day. You can see it in the 13,000 Turkish students that are studying here in the U.S. You can see it in corporate leaders like Muhtar Kent, the CEO of Coca-Cola, and you can see it in more than one million Turkish-Americans who add to the rich culture and fabric of our country.
Currently, the Turkish population of northeast Ohio is estimated at about 1,000 (an estimated 500,000 Turks live in the United States).
Biraz bilmece gibi mi oldu; açalım. Resmi kurumlarımıza göre ABD'de "Tahmini" 850 ile 900 bin arası Türk yaşıyor. Bu sayı öğrenci trafiğine göre her yıl ya biriki bin kişi artıyor veya bir o kadar eksiliyor. Buna karşılık ABD'deki Türk sivil toplum örgütlerinin Yeni Dünya'daki varlığımız üstüne yaptıkları araştırmalardan elde ettikleri sonuçlar, resmi kurumların verilerinin çok ama çok üstünde. Onlara göre, ABD'de halen en az 3 milyon Türk var. Okuyan, çalışan veya yaşayan.
Turkish diaspora of some 100,000 Turks largely in Toronto is growing, says Canadian Ambassador Chris Cooter ... We have a growing Turkish diaspora and they're doing very well in Canada. We think it's 100,000, largely in Toronto. We have several thousand Turkish students in Canada as well.
The Federation of Canadian Turkish Associations is an umbrella organization representing 17 member associations from Victoria BC to Quebec, which include approximately 100,000 Canadians of Turkish origin.
With over 100,000 Turkish Canadians in Canada,...
There are now about 150,000 Turkish-Australians.
Asher, Türkiye'ye geniş bir Avusturalyalı heyetle geldiklerini, İstanbul'u 60 Avusturalyalı şirketle ziyaret ettiklerini ve birçok açıdan Türkiye'nin dinamik ekonomisini çok etkileyici bulduklarını anlattı. Melbourne'de yaklaşık 300 bin Türk'ün yaşadığını...
An estimated 200,000 Turks live in Australia with most of them based in Melbourne's northern suburbs.
Recent estimates suggest that there are now 500,000 Turkish Cypriots living in Turkey, 300,000 in the United Kingdom, 120,000 in Australia, 5000 in the United States, 2000 in Germany, 1800 in Canada, and 1600 in New Zealand with a smaller community in South Africa.
The number of Turkish Cypriots now living in Turkey is about 300 000 while the number of those who have settled in England is 100 000. There are also approximately 30 000 Turkish Cypriots living in Australia and about 6 000 in Canada and the U.S.A.
there are currently about 500,000 Turkish Cypriots living in Turkey; 200,000 in Great Britain; 40,000 in Australia and some 10,000 in North America and 5,000 in other countries.
It is often said that if the descendants of those who migrated from Cyprus to Turkey back in 1931 are included, the number of Turkish Cypriots living in the "motherland" might exceed 600,000.
Tarihsel süreç içerisinde yaşanan bazı olaylar nedeniyle Kıbrıs'tan göç etmek zorunda kalan Türklerin, bugün dünyanın farklı bölgelerinde yaşam sürdüklerine dikkat çeken Kasapoğlu, "Kıbrıslı Türklerin 300 bin kadarı İngiltere'de, 500 bini Türkiye'de, 120 bini Avustralya'da, 5 bini ABD'de, bin 800'ü Kanada'da, çok az bir popülasyon Güney Afrika Cumhuriyeti'nde, bin 600'ü Yeni Zellanda'da, 2 bin kadarının da Almanya'da olduğu tahmin ediliyor" ifadelerini kullandı.
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