Deniz Harp Okulu | |
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| Type | Naval Academy |
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| Established |
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| Location | Tuzla in Istanbul ,Turkey |
| Website | Official homepage |
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TheTurkish Naval Academy (Turkish:Deniz Harp Okulu) is a four-year co-educational military academy and part of theNational Defence University, a military university in Turkey. It is located in the district ofTuzla in Istanbul. Its mission is to develop cadets mentally and physically for service as commissioned officers in theTurkish Navy. It must not be confused withNaval War College (Turkey) [tr].
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The roots of the Naval Academy go back to 1773, when a naval school under the name of "Naval Engineering atGolden Horn Naval Shipyard" was founded during the reign of SultanMustafa III on the command ofGrand Vizier and AdmiralCezayirli Gazi Hasan Pasha.François Baron de Tott, aFrench officer and advisor to the Ottoman military, was appointed for the establishment of a course to provide education onplane geometry andnavigation. The course, attended also by civilian captains of the merchant marine, was given on board agalleon anchored atKasımpaşa in Istanbul and lasted three months.[3]
The temporary course turned into a continuous education on land with the establishment of "Naval Mathematical College" in February 1776. With growing number of cadets, the college building at the naval shipyard was extended. On October 22, 1784, the college, renamed the "Imperial Naval Engineering School" (Ottoman Turkish:Mühendishâne-i Bahrî-i Hümâyûn), started its education for three years in the new building. From 1795 on, the training was divided into navigation andcartography forofficers of the deck, andnaval architecture andshipbuilding fornaval engineers.
The school was moved 1822 into a reconstructed sawmill building in Parmakkapı after a fire in Kasımpaşa neighborhood in 1821 destroyed also the naval school. Since this building was insufficient for the matters of education, SultanMahmud II ordered the construction of a new school building. It was decided that until the completion of the new facility, the navigation division of the school be transferred temporarily toHeybeliada, an island in theSea of Marmara. In 1838, the naval school moved into its new building in Kasımpaşa. With the beginning of thereformation efforts, the school was renamed to "Naval School" (Ottoman Turkish:Mekteb-i Bahriye) and continued to serve in Kasımpaşa for 12 years. Then, it was relocated 1850 to Heybeliada for the last time.
The facilities of the naval school on Heybeliada consisted of 34 rooms for 150 cadets, a 30-bed hospital with a pharmacy, a printing house with a bookbinder's shop, and a rich library. The training followed English education system, and some lessons were even taught by English instructors. In that period, in addition to the name "Naval School", it was also called "Imperial Naval School" (Ottoman Turkish:Mekteb-i Bahriye-i Şahane), "School of Naval Sciences" (Mekteb-i Fünun-i Bahriye) or "Imperial School of Naval Sciences" (Mekteb-i Fünun-i Bahriye-i Şahane).
During the reign of SultanAbdulaziz, the number of the cadets increased, and the education program was improved. The training program was extended parallel to technological development of the century, and a division formarine engineering was added to operate and maintainsteam engines. Cadets were educated four years in the Naval High School, and they were trained four more years in the Naval Academy, whereas the last two years were spent on board theschool ship.
During theSecond Constitutional Era, an upgraded education system was adapted in 1909 from theRoyal Naval Academy. In the years of theBalkan Wars, the educational system was modified. Hence, the graduates of the four-year Naval High School received sea training for one year on board the school ship as amidshipman followed by three years training in the navy in the rank ofensign. Upon graduation, they assumed their duties by being promoted toLieutenant-Commander grade. The school, nicknamed the "Island School", had the property of being most significant school of Turkey with respect to both educational system and social life.
The admission to the Naval School resumed in 1924 after the proclamation of theRepublic, and the cadets could study in one of the three fields such as navigation, engineering and secretary work. The training term for deck officers and engineers was four years with the first year in theprep school. Graduates underwent a course for another year and entered the Navy after being promoted to engineer (ensign).
"Heybeliada Naval School" (Heybeliada Bahriye Mektebi) was given the name of "Naval High School" (Deniz Lisesi) by the command ofGeneral Chief of Staff on May 27, 1928, and the curriculum of military schools was adopted in the following education term. This new education and training system was applied for two academic years. Naval High School and Naval Core School were re-united at the facilities of Heybeliada under the name of "Naval Academy and High School" (Deniz Harp Okulu ve Lisesi).
When Germans began to occupythe Balkans in 1941 duringWorld War II, the Naval School was relocated toAnatolia. On May 23, 1941, the Naval Academy and High School were transferred to the Infantry Barracks inMersin. The institution remained there until September 9, 1946, when it returned to Heybeliada.
The transfer of the academy to a more convenient location arose as a necessity, due to increasing demands of the Turkish Navy over personnel and place as well as transportation problems of the island of Heybeliada. A new campus was projected over 3,000-acre (12 km2) land at Tuzburnu peninsula on the northern shore of Marmara Sea in Tuzla district of Istanbul. On July 28, 1977,Fahri Korutürk, President of Turkey and an alumnus of the Naval School, laid the foundation.
The Naval Academy facilities in Tuzla were opened by the Turkish PresidentKenan Evren on July 31, 1985. The academy left Heybeliada to theNaval High School.
First officers from the new campus graduated in 1989. At the beginning of 1990, the status of military academies in regard of theBachelor of Science concept at universities was discussed. With the beginning of the academic term 1991-1992, the education programs at military academies were upgraded in a manner equivalent to the engineering programs atBoğaziçi University,Istanbul Technical University andMiddle East Technical University. The graduates receive a BSc degree upon graduation from the Naval Academy without requiring further studies in post-graduate programs of the technical universities in Turkey. The first officers with a BSc degree in addition to a Naval Academy diploma left the institution in 1997.
Control and electronic engineering branch, a sub-division of electric/electronics division, was separated as control systems and computer engineering in 1993, starting from the second class. To become harmonized with STCW-95 agreements (international midshipman educational program), a new educational program starting from the first class was applied in 1995. Moreover, the number of vocational and foreign language courses was increased, graduation project was extended from one-semester to four-semester course,meteorology andintelligence courses were added.
For the training of officers for themarines andengineering corps branches, graduates of civilian high schools were admitted in 1995 to the first class. However, this type of sourcing process was abandoned the next year. The first officers of marines and engineering corps were commissioned in 1998.
In 2000, the academy's organization was restructured by reconstructing the branches granting engineering degrees and increasing the number of major science branches from four to nine. The same year, the "Naval Sciences and Engineering Institute" was founded forpostgraduate studies in order to meet the needs of theTurkish Armed Forces, starting from 2001–02 academic term.
After2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt Naval academy (along with Military Academy, Air Force Academy and the all other military educational institutions) became part of the newNational Defence University which is formed underMinistry of National Defence.
Until 1953, education term at the Naval Academy was two years, the first year theoretical at the school and the last year practice in the Navy. In 1953, four-year line system education was adopted. In the first two years, the students were cadets and in the following two years officers. With the academic term 1969–70, the education structure was reorganized such as the cadets studied three years and the officers one year. One year later, the organization was modified so that the officers were educated in the "Officer Basic Expert School".
In 1974, the education term was increased to four years and the curriculum was extended in regard of the modern technologies and sciences withelectrical,electronic andmechanical engineering,operations research,management science,systems engineering,communications,computer science, shipbuilding,oceanography andinternational relations. First officers having studied in this program graduated in 1978. With the beginning of the academic term 1986-1987, these modern fields of study are fully implemented in the curriculum as majors.
Admission of female cadets, graduated from civilian high schools, were granted in the academic term 1992–93.
According to military training cooperation agreements signed with friendly and allied countries, guest students, especially fromTurkic Republics as well as fromAlbania andPakistan were admitted in the 1993–94 academic year.
In the first semester at the "Naval Sciences and Engineering Institute", following courses are provided for postgraduate students, who graduate with a master's degree in two semesters.
Business administration (MBA) Master Program
Mechanical engineering Master Program
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40°48′37″N29°15′48″E / 40.81028°N 29.26333°E /40.81028; 29.26333
