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 Turkey |  Yemen |
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Turkey andYemen have very long and deep historical ties, spanned from theOttoman Empire to the modern era. However, their relationship is mostly very complicated with both the Ottoman occupation and Yemeni rebellion against the Turks.[1] Turkey had an embassy inSana'a,[2][3] but it closed down in 2015, after the outbreak ofYemeni Civil War. Yemen has an embassy inAnkara.[4]
TheOttomans began their expansion inArabia at 16th century and had reached its peak of expansion by entering Yemen. After a number of conflicts between the Turks andZaydis, the Ottomans effectively conquered Yemen and put it into control.[5] However, anti-Ottoman unrest soon erupted in Yemen[6] and the Ottomans would be soon expelled from the country a century later.[7] Nonetheless, war continued whenAl-Mu'ayyad Muhammad, who expelled the Turks, led an army to conquerMecca. His expedition was a complete disaster as the Ottomans defeated the Zaydis in the city.[8] However, after the war, the Ottomans didn't return to Yemen for two centuries.
At 19th century however, the Ottomans would manage to return to Yemen, and due to the Zaydis' disunity, the Ottomans would be able to put Yemen into its domain for another century.[9] However, widespread corruption and ongoing rebellion against the Turks by Yemeni tribes had costed economic drains for the Ottoman Empire.[10] Nonetheless, the Ottomans were able to keep Yemen until the end ofWorld War I.
Relationship between newly established Turkish Republic withNorth Yemen andSouth Yemen were little, as Turkey was more concerned over their own neighboring situation instead. Their modern relations withYemen only started at 1990, when two Yemens united as one country. DuringYemeni War of 1994, Turkey portrayed as a neutral and even attempted to settle peace between.[11] After that, the relations between Yemen and Turkey are neglected due to internal conflicts within Yemen and lack of interest from Turkey to Yemen.
In the conflict of Yemen, Turkey initially took a pro-Yemeni government stance, supporting globally-recognized legitimate Yemeni government against theHouthis, but has not made any serious military intervention against the Houthis.[12] In 2018, Turkey expressed concerns and wary over the UAE's intervention inSocotra.[13] In 2019, Yemeni Foreign Minister,Khalid Al-Yamani, praised relations with Turkey as deep and historic.[14]
In October 2019, PresidentRecep Tayyip Erdogan and Foreign MinisterMevlüt Çavuşoğlu criticized the Saudi intervention in Yemen, drawing a rebuke from the Yemeni government, which described their remarks as "provocative".[15]
Yemeni embassy in Turkey donated 17 million Turkish liras (approximately $900,000) for humanitarian aid toearthquake victims in Turkey and Syria as a return to Turkey for being a mediator in theYemeni peace talks with legitimate Yemeni government and Houthi rebels.[16]
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