| Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic Туркестанская Автономная Советская Социалистическая Республика | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ASSR of theRussian SFSR | |||||||||||||||||
| 1918–1924 | |||||||||||||||||
 Flag | |||||||||||||||||
 Map of Soviet Central Asia in 1922, indicating the location and extent of the Turkestan ASSR (brown). | |||||||||||||||||
| Capital | Tashkent | ||||||||||||||||
| Historical era | Interwar era | ||||||||||||||||
• Established | 30 April 1918 | ||||||||||||||||
• Disestablished | 27 October 1924 | ||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||
TheTurkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (TASSR;Russian:Туркестанская Автономная Советская Социалистическая Республика,romanized: Turkestanskaya Avtonomnaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika;Uzbek:Turkiston Avtonom Sovet Sotsialistik Respublikasi), originally called theTurkestan Soviet Federative Republic, was anautonomous republic of theRussian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic located inSoviet Central Asia which existed between 1918 and 1924.Uzbeks were the preeminent nation of the Turkestan ASSR.Tashkent was thecapital andlargest city in the region.
| Date | Name |
|---|---|
| 30 April 1918 | Turkestan Soviet Federative Republic (constitution adopted 15 October 1918) |
| 24 September 1920 | Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (constitution approved 24 September 1920) |
| 30 December 1922 | Turkestan A.S.S.R. (within Russian S.F.S.R., part of Soviet Union) |
During theRussian Empire, the Turkestan ASSR's territory was governed asTurkestan Krai, theEmirate of Bukhara, and theKhanate of Khiva. From 1905,Pan-Turkist ideologues likeIsmail Gasprinski aimed to suppress differences among the peoples who spokeTurkic languages, uniting them into one government.[1]
This idea was supported byVladimir Lenin, and after theRussian Revolution of 1917, theBolsheviks inTashkent created the Turkestan ASSR. But in February 1918, the Islamic Council (Uzbek:Shoʻro-i Islomiyya) and the Council of Intelligentsia (Uzb.Shoʻro-i Ulamo) met inKokand city anddeclared a rival Turkestan Autonomous Republic, battling Bolshevik forces until the 1920s as part of the conservativeBasmachi rebellion.[1]
The Turkestan Soviet Federative Republic was officially proclaimed on 30 April 1918.[2][3] However, his sphere of influence at this time was limited to only a few railway junctions.[4]
In the late 1917, the TSFR was cut off from the RSFSR by the revolt of theOrenburg Cossacks, but held out, despite being surrounded by hostile states, until the arrival of the Red Army in September 1919 after theCounteroffensive of Eastern Front.[5]
Meanwhile, a power struggle among the Communists ensued between those favoring a Pan-Turkist government likeTurar Ryskulov andTursun Khojaev, and those in favor of dividing Soviet Turkestan into smaller ethnic or regional units, such asFayzulla Xoʻjayev andAkmal Ikramov. The latter group won, asnational delimitation in Central Asia began in 1924.[1] Upon dissolution, the Turkestan ASSR was split intoUzbek SSR (nowUzbekistan),Turkmen SSR (nowTurkmenistan) with theTajik ASSR (nowTajikistan),Kara-Kirghiz Autonomous Oblast (nowKyrgyzstan), andKarakalpak Autonomous Oblast (nowAutonomous Republic ofUzbekistan asKarakalpakstan).[1]
![Flag of Turkestan ASSR (1921–1924)[citation needed]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=http%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3aFlag_of_Turkestan_ASSR_(1921-1923).svg)
Chairmen of the Council of People's Commissars ("Turksovnarkom").
| Initial date | Final date | Name |
|---|---|---|
| 15 November 1917 | November 1918 | Fyodor Kolesov |
| November 1918 | 19 January 1919 | Vladislav Figelskiy (ru) |
| 19 January 1919 | 31 March 1919 | Post vacant |
| 31 March 1919 | 12 September 1919 | Karp Sorokin (ru) |
| 12 September 1919 | March 1920 | Turksovnarkom defunct |
| March 1920 | May 1920 | Jānis Rudzutaks |
| May 1920 | September 1920 | Isidor Lubimov |
| 19 September 1920 | October 1922 | Kaikhaziz Atabayev |
| October 1922 | 12 January 1924 | Turar Ryskulov |
| 12 January 1924 | 27 October 1924 | Sharustam Islamov (ru) |
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