| Turi | |
|---|---|
| तुरी | |
| Native to | India |
| Region | Jharkhand |
| Ethnicity | Turi |
Native speakers | 2,000 (2007)[1] |
Austroasiatic
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | trd |
| Glottolog | turi1246 |
| ELP | Turi |
 Turi is classified as Definitely Endangered by theUNESCOAtlas of the World's Languages in Danger[2] | |
Turi is an endangeredAustroasiatic language of India that belongs to theKherwarian Munda group.[3] Grierson (1906) described that Turi is similar to bothMundari andSantali. It is spoken by only half a percent of ethnic Turi, the rest having shifted toSadri in Jharkhand, Mundari in West Bengal, andOdia inOdisha. The Turi are classified as aScheduled Caste in Jharkhand.[4]
Osada (1991) lists the following locations where Turi is spoken.[5]
Similar to Santali and Mundari, but /w/ is replaced by /ʋ/ in Turi.
| Bilabial | Alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | (ɳ)* | ɲ | ŋ | ||
| Stop | voiceless | p (pʰ) | t (tʰ) | ʈ (ɖʈʰ) | tʃ (tʃʱ) | k (kʰ) | ʔ |
| voiced | b (bʱ) | d (dʱ) | ɖ (ɖʱ) | dʒ (dʒʱ) | ɡ (ɡʱ) | ||
| Fricative | s | h | |||||
| Trill/Flap | r | ɽ | |||||
| Lateral | l | ||||||
| Approximant | j | ʋ | |||||
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| High | i | u | |
| Mid-high | (ə) | ||
| Mid-low | ɛ | ɔ | |
| Low | a |
Like all Kherwarian languages, double- and triple markings are possible in Turi.
| singular | dual | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | exclusive | =ɛŋ/=ɲ(iɲ) | =liɲ | =lɛ |
| inclusive | =laŋ | =pu | ||
| 2nd person | =m | =bin | =pɛ | |
| 3rd person | =i (object)/=ɛ (subject) | =kin | =ku | |
| Middle | Active | |
|---|---|---|
| Present | -tan | -ɛtan |
| Future | -ɔʔ/-ɔ/-ʔ/-Ø | -Ø |
| Past | -ɛn/-kɛn/-ɔn/-ɔʔ-ɛn | -ɛkɛn – Past imperfective -tad – Simple past |
| Present perfect | -akan | (-akad) |
| Past perfect | -lɛn | -lɛʔ/-laʔ |
ThisAustroasiatic language-related article is astub. You can help Wikipedia byexpanding it. |
 | This article about the culture of India is astub. You can help Wikipedia byexpanding it. |