| Tuggeranong Australian Capital Territory | |||||||||||||||
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 The view fromMount Wanniassa, looking down into the Tuggeranong Valley in 2018 | |||||||||||||||
 Location of Tuggeranong in the Australian Capital Territory | |||||||||||||||
  Tuggeranong | |||||||||||||||
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| Coordinates | 35°25′28″S149°05′20″E / 35.4244°S 149.0888°E /-35.4244; 149.0888 | ||||||||||||||
| Population | 89,461 (2021 census)[1] | ||||||||||||||
| Gazetted | 12 May 1966[2] | ||||||||||||||
| Location | 22 km (14 mi) SSW ofCanberra | ||||||||||||||
| Territory electorate(s) | Brindabella | ||||||||||||||
| Federal division(s) | Bean | ||||||||||||||
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Tuggeranong (/ˈtʌɡərənɒŋ/) is adistrict in theAustralian Capital Territory inAustralia. The district is subdivided into divisions (suburbs), sections and blocks and is the southernmost district of the Australian Capital Territory. The district comprises nineteensuburbs and occupies 117 square kilometres (45 sq mi) to the east of theMurrumbidgee River.
The nameTuggeranong is derived from aNgunnawal expression meaning "cold place".[3] From the earliest colonial times, the plain extending south into the centre of the present-day territory was referred to as Tuggeranong.
At the2021 census, the population of the district was 89,461.[1]
Following the transfer of land from theGovernment of New South Wales to theCommonwealth Government in 1911, the district was established in 1966 by the Commonwealth via thegazettal of theDistricts Ordinance 1966 (Cth) which, after the enactment of theAustralian Capital Territory (Self-Government) Act 1988,[4] became theDistricts Act 1966.[5] This Act was subsequently repealed by theACT Government and the district is now administered subject to theDistricts Act 2002.[6]
Cave paintings and Aboriginal artifacts discovered in the area confirm that the Tuggeranong region has been occupied by the original inhabitants, the Ngunnawal people, for over 21,000 years.[7] The area lies close to the recognised traditional lands of theNgarigo-speaking people.[8]
The first Europeans arrived in theAustralian Capital Territory region in 1820 and a year later, a third expedition led byCharles Throsby reached theMurrumbidgee River near the present-dayPine Island and the valley[9][10] now occupied by the Tuggeranong district. In 1823Joseph Wild was employed by Brigade Major John Ovens andCaptain Mark Currie to guide them to the Murrumbidgee. They travelled south along the river and named the area now known as TuggeranongIsabella's Plain in honour ofGovernor Brisbane's infant daughter. Unable to cross the river near the current site ofTharwa, they continued on to the Monaro Plains.
The last expedition in the region was undertaken byAllan Cunningham in 1824. Cunningham's reports verified that the region was suitable for grazing, and the settlement of theLimestone Plains followed immediately thereafter.
In 1828, thebushrangerJohn Tennant, known as the 'Terror of Argyle', was captured byJames Ainslie and a party ofothers near the Murrumbidgee River in Tuggeranong. Tennant had been a convict assigned toJoshua John Moore at Canberry, a property in the present dayinner north Canberra.Mount Tennent, behind Tharwa, is named after the bushranger (note the difference in spelling).[9]
The first authorised settler was James Murdoch. In 1824 he was offered a land grant on a small plain known by the local Aboriginal people as 'Togranong' meaning 'cold plains'. He took up the grant in 1827.Lanyon station was established in 1835 and originally owned by James Wright, his brother William and John Lanyon. Wright bought the property from Lanyon, who had only remained in Australia for three years. In 1838, Wright commenced the building of the homestead, which he named after his partner, Lanyon. The homestead was built with the strength of a fort to withstand the attacks of bushrangers.[11] Wright sold to the Cunningham family in 1847.[12] In 1835Thomas Macquoid, then Sheriff of the New South Wales Supreme Court, boughtTuggeranong station then known as Waniassa property (sic). The rural depression of 1840 hit hard and Macquoid committed suicide, fearing bankruptcy when he lost a civil suit brought by one William Henry Barnes.[13][14] His son took over the estate and creditors allowed him to continue to operate it until it was sold by the Macquoid family in 1858 to the Cunningham family, owners of the neighbouring Lanyon property.[15] They renamed Waniassa to Tuggranong. The whole area was part of theTuggeranong parish in the late nineteenth century. Tuggranong homestead was rebuilt by the Cunningham family in 1908. In 1917 it was resumed by the Commonwealth Government for military purposes. The Cunningham family remained at Lanyon until 1926.Charles Bean, together with his staff, wrote the first two volumes of the twelve volumeofficial history of Australia's involvement in World War I at the homestead from 1919 to 1925. The Tuggeranong property was leased as a grazing property by the McCormack family from 1927 to 1976.[16]
In 1973, the third of the new towns planned for theAustralian Capital Territory was inaugurated at Tuggeranong on 21 February. It was originally planned to house between 180,000 to 220,000 people. Planning for the new town had begun in 1969. The first families moved into the suburb ofKambah in 1974. The fifth Canberra fire station opened at Kambah in 1979 to service the new developing satellite city.[17]
The district is a set of contiguous residential suburbs consolidated aroundLake Tuggeranong, in addition to vast pastoral leases that extend south of the suburbs ofBanks,Conder andGordon. The boundaries of the district are constrained by the Murrumbidgee River to the west, the border with thestate ofNew South Wales to the south and east, and pastoral leases that mark the district's boundary to the north, including the remnants of theTuggeranong Homestead, and to the north-west.
Lake Tuggeranong was created in 1987 by the construction of a dam on a tributary of the Murrumbidgee River. On the edge of the lake are a number of community facilities, includingLake Tuggeranong College, a school catering to years11 and12 (16–18 years old); a library, which is part of the ACT Library and Information Services, a community centre, and theTuggeranong Arts Centre.
TheTuggeranong Town Centre is to the west of the lake. It includes a major shopping centre, known asSouth.Point; managed, developed and part owned byVicinity Centres. It is surrounded by offices of theAustralian andACT governments, and a light industrial area.
A further heavy industrial area is located in the suburb ofHume that lies partly in the districts of both Tuggeranong andJerrabomberra.
Tuggeranong has atemperate highland climate (Cfb) with dry, warm to hot summers and cool to cold winters. Frost is very common in the winter and snowfall occasionally occurs.
| Climate data for Tuggeranong | |||||||||||||
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| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 43.3 (109.9) | 41.5 (106.7) | 37.0 (98.6) | 31.6 (88.9) | 24.5 (76.1) | 20.1 (68.2) | 18.7 (65.7) | 22.5 (72.5) | 29.4 (84.9) | 32.7 (90.9) | 38.7 (101.7) | 39.8 (103.6) | 43.3 (109.9) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 29.5 (85.1) | 28.1 (82.6) | 25.3 (77.5) | 21.1 (70.0) | 16.6 (61.9) | 13.1 (55.6) | 12.3 (54.1) | 14.1 (57.4) | 17.6 (63.7) | 20.9 (69.6) | 24.3 (75.7) | 27.1 (80.8) | 20.8 (69.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 14.3 (57.7) | 14.2 (57.6) | 11.4 (52.5) | 6.9 (44.4) | 2.5 (36.5) | 1.3 (34.3) | 0.0 (32.0) | 0.9 (33.6) | 3.8 (38.8) | 6.4 (43.5) | 9.8 (49.6) | 12.3 (54.1) | 7.0 (44.6) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 3.8 (38.8) | 3.4 (38.1) | 0.5 (32.9) | −4.1 (24.6) | −6.1 (21.0) | −8.1 (17.4) | −8.2 (17.2) | −8.4 (16.9) | −5.5 (22.1) | −2.3 (27.9) | −0.8 (30.6) | 1.2 (34.2) | −8.4 (16.9) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 53.5 (2.11) | 71.7 (2.82) | 51.5 (2.03) | 33.5 (1.32) | 23.4 (0.92) | 54.3 (2.14) | 40.9 (1.61) | 48.2 (1.90) | 60.8 (2.39) | 51.5 (2.03) | 77.6 (3.06) | 68.4 (2.69) | 631.3 (24.85) |
| Average precipitation days | 7.4 | 7.1 | 6.8 | 6.0 | 5.9 | 10.3 | 11.1 | 9.1 | 8.6 | 8.4 | 9.6 | 8.3 | 98.6 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 34 | 39 | 38 | 42 | 50 | 57 | 56 | 50 | 46 | 41 | 39 | 34 | 44 |
| Source:[18] | |||||||||||||
Tuggeranong is represented by:
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1996 census | 86,666 | — |
| 2001 census | 89,386 | +3.1% |
| 2006 census | 87,119 | −2.5% |
| 2011 census | 86,900 | −0.3% |
| 2016 census | 85,154 | −2.0% |
| 2021 census | 89,461 | +5.1% |
| [21][22][23][24][1] | ||
At the2021 census, there were 89,461 people in the Tuggeranong district, of these 49.2 per cent were male and 50.8 per cent were female.Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people made up 3.0 per cent of the population, which was lower than the national average, but higher than the territory average. Themedian age of people in the Tuggeranong district was 38 years, similar to the national median. Children aged 0–14 years made up 19.2 per cent of the population and people aged 65 years and over made up 15.6 per cent of the population. Of people in the area aged 15 years and over, 49.1 per cent were married and 12.3 per cent were either divorced or separated.[1]
Population growth in the Tuggeranong district between the 2001 census and the 2006 census was 0.85 per cent; in the five years to the 2011 census, the population decreased by 0.25 per cent; in the five years to the 2016 census, the population decreased by 2.0 per cent and in the five years to the 2021 census, the population increased by 5.1 per cent. When compared with total population growth of Australia for the same periods, being 5.79, 8.32, 8.81 and 8.64 per cent respectively, population growth in Tuggeranong district was significantly lower than the national average.[21][22][23][1] The medianweekly income for residents within the Tuggeranong district was significantly higher than the national average, and slightly lower than the territory average.[1]
At the 2021 census, the proportion of residents in the Tuggeranong district who stated theirancestry as Australian orAnglo-Saxon exceeded 70 per cent of all residents (national average was 62.9 per cent). Meanwhile, at the census date, compared to the national average, households in the Tuggeranong district had a lower than average proportion (18.5 per cent) where a language other than English was spoken (national average was 24.8 per cent); and a higher proportion (81.0 per cent) whereEnglish only was spoken at home (national average was 72.0 per cent).[1]
| Selected historical census data for the Tuggeranong district | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Census year | 2001[21] | 2006[22] | 2011[23] | 2016[24] | 2021[1] | ||
| Population | Estimated residents on census night | 86,386 | 87,119 | 86,900 | 85,154 | 89,461 | |
| District rank in terms of size within the Australian Capital Territory | 1st |  1st |  2nd | 2nd | 3rd | ||
| Percentage of the Australian Capital Territory population | 27.9% | 26.9% | 24.3% | 21.4% | 19.7% | ||
| Percentage of the Australian population | 0.46% | 0.44% | 0.40% | 0.36% | 0.35% | ||
| Cultural and language diversity | |||||||
| Ancestry, top responses | Australian | 29.6% | 26.4% | 37.1% | |||
| English | 25.6% | 26.2% | 36.3% | ||||
| Irish | 8.9% | 9.5% | 12.3% | ||||
| Scottish | 7.2% | 7.7% | 10.8% | ||||
| German | 3.3% | 3.1% | 4.6% | ||||
| Language, top responses (other thanEnglish) | Arabic | 0.7% |  0.9% | 1.0% | 1.2% | ||
| Malayalam | 1.0% | ||||||
| Vietnamese | 0.8% | 0.8% | 0.9% | 0.8% | 0.8% | ||
| Spanish | 0.8% | 0.7% | 0.7% | 0.8% | 0.8% | ||
| Mandarin | 0.7% | 0.7% | |||||
| Italian | 0.8% | 0.7% | 0.7% | 0.6% | |||
| Religious affiliation | |||||||
| Religious affiliation, top responses | No Religion | 16.8% | 20.3% | 25.3% | 32.6% | 41.9% | |
| Catholic | 32.3% | 31.1% | 30.3% | 26.7% | 23.7% | ||
| Anglican | 19.8% | 18.5% | 17.1% | 13.4% | 10.4% | ||
| Uniting Church | 4.2% | 3.7% | 3.1% | 2.4% | |||
| Presbyterian and Reformed | 3.2% | 2.9% | 2.7% | ||||
| Medianweekly incomes | |||||||
| Personal income | Median weekly personal income | A$703 | A$900 | A$955 | A$1,140 | ||
| Percentage of Australian median income | 150.9% | 156.0% | 144.0% | 141.6% | |||
| Family income | Median weekly family income | A$1,716 | A$2,203 | A$2,340 | A$2,709 | ||
| Percentage of Australian median income | 146.5% | 148.8% | 134.9% | 127.8% | |||
| Household income | Median weekly household income | A$1,547 | A$1,962 | A$2,051 | A$2,305 | ||
| Percentage of Australian median income | 150.6% | 159.0% | 142.6% | 132.0% | |||
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A 1975 map of the proposed suburb names in Tuggeranong shows that many more suburbs were planned, and that the eventual layout of Tuggeranong is very different from what the planners were thinking. It was proposed that residential development would occur west of the Murrumbidgee River, a corridor that is subsequently free of urban development. Suburbs planned (but not built, or had their names changed) were:[25]
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