| Tsudaqar | |
|---|---|
| Tsudakhar, Cudaxar | |
| цӀудхърила мецc’udqrila mec цӀудхъуран мецc’udquran mec | |
 Books in Tsudaqar | |
| Pronunciation | [ts’udqrilamets] [ts’udqranmets] |
| Native to | Russia |
| Region | Dagestan |
| Ethnicity | Tsudaqar people [ru] |
Native speakers | 33,000 in traditional areas (2010) |
Northeast Caucasian
| |
| Dialects |
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| Cyrillic | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
dar-cud | |
| Glottolog | cuda1238 Cudaxar |
| IETF | dar-x-HIS09130 |
_2021.png) Tsudaqar | |
Tsudaqar (alsoTsudakhar,Cudaxar[1]) is aDargin language, quite different from the literary variety,[2] spoken by over 33,000 people[3] in theLevashinsky andAkushinsky Districts,Novy Kostek inKhasavyurtovsky District, andNovokare inBabayurtovsky District,Dagestan. The village ofTsudakhar was the traditional center. It is considered to bethreatened with extinction, being transmitted to children, but not by all families.[2][4] In modern times, work is underway torevitalize Tsudaqar and create an alphabet for the language.[2]
In response to the declining health and use of the language, speakers have revived the usage of the language, as well as studying and preserving it. An orthography for the language was also devised. Lessons for learning Tsudaqar are available online, and there is a YouTube channelЦудахарское общество which promotes Tsudaqar culture, history and life.[2][5]
Tsudaqar has lost the affricates[d͡ʒ] and[d͡z]. The system of phonemicfortis and lenis has been retained, similar to the system used inAvar–Andic andLak.[6]
| А а /ɑ/ | Б б /b/ | В в /w/ | Г г /g/ | Гъ гъ /ʁ/ | Гь гь /h/ | Гӏ гӏ /ʡ/ | Гӏӏ гӏӏ /ʡʼ/ | Д д /d/ | Е е /e/;/je/ |
| Ё ё /eˤ/ | Ж ж /ʒ/ | З з /z/ | И и /i/ | Й й /j/ | К к /k/ | Кк кк /kː/ | Къ къ /qː/ | Кь кь /qʼ/ | Кӏ кӏ /kʼ/ |
| Л л /l/ | М м /m/ | Н н /n/ | О о /о/ | П п /p/ | Пп пп /pː/ | Пӏ пӏ /pʼ/ | Р р /r/ | С с /s/ | Сс сс /sː/ |
| Т т /t/ | Тт тт /tː/ | Тӏ тӏ /tʼ/ | У у /u/ | Ф ф /f/ | Х х /χ/ | Хх хх /χː/ | Хъ хъ /q/ | Хь хь /x/ | Хьхь хьхь /xː/ |
| Хӏ хӏ /ħ/ | Ц ц /t͡s/ | Цц цц /t͡sː/ | Цӏ цӏ /t͡sʼ/ | Ч ч /t͡ʃ/ | Чч чч /t͡ʃː/ | Чӏ чӏ /t͡ʃʼ/ | Ш ш /ʃ/ | Ъ ъ /ʔ/ | Э э /e/;/ʔe/ |
| Ю ю /ju/ | Ӱ ӱ /uˤ/ | Я я /ja/ | Щ щ /ʃː/ |
The letters о, ф, ы, ё, ь are only found in loanwords.
ӱ never occurs word-initially and is only found after a consonant.
The proposedNorth Caucasian language family comprises theNortheast andNorthwest Caucasian language families. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Northwest (Pontic) |
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| Northeast (Caspian) |
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Italics indicateextinct languages | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Caucasian (areal) |
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| Indo- European |
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| Turkic |
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| Others | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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