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Tsafiki language

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Barbacoan language spoken in Ecuador
Tsafiki
Colorado
Tsa'fiki
Native toEcuador
EthnicityTsáchila
Native speakers
(2,300 cited 2000)[1]
Barbacoan
  • Southern?
    • Tsafiki
Language codes
ISO 639-3cof
Glottologcolo1256
ELPTsafiki
  8 - Tsafiki

Tsafiki, also known asTsachila orColorado, is aBarbacoan language spoken inEcuador by about 2,000 ethnicTsáchila people.

Phonology

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Consonants

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BilabialDentalAlveolarPalatalVelarGlottal
Stopvoicelessptkʔ
voicedbd
Affricatet͡s
Fricativeɸsh
Nasalmn
Laterall
Flapɹ ~ɾ
Semivoweljw
  • /b, d/ are preglottalized [ˀb, ˀd] when occurring intervocalically.
  • /k/ can become voiced[ɡ] when intervocally after nasal sounds.
  • /ɹ/ is heard as[ɾ] when occurring word-initially, and when following a nasalized vowel, an allophone [n] occurs.
  • /s/ is heard as[ʃ] when preceding high vowels /i, u/ and after unaccented high vowels.
  • /t͡s/ is heard as[t͡ʃ] when preceding high vowels, but many speakers pronounce it as [t͡ʃ] in all environments.

Vowels

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Tsafiki has five vowels Four vowels have nasalized forms.

FrontCentralBack
Highiu
Mideo
Lowa
FrontCentralBack
Highĩũ
Mid
Lowã
  • Unaccented vowels before voiceless stops are often devoiced [ḁ].[2]

Morphology

[edit]

Evidentiality

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Tsafiki has a four-wayevidentiality system. Unmarked verbs indicate "direct" witness.[3]

Manuel

Manuel

ano

food

fi-e

eat-VIS+DECL

Manuel anofi-e

Manuel food eat-VIS+DECL

Manuel ate (speaker saw him)

-nu- is used when it is inferred from physical evidence.

Manuel

Manuel

ano

food

fi-n-ki-e

eat-INFR-DECL

Manuel ano fi-n-ki-e

Manuel food eat-INFR-DECL

Manuel ate (speaker sees dishes)

References

[edit]
  1. ^Tsafiki atEthnologue (18th ed., 2015)(subscription required)
  2. ^Dickinson, Connie (2002).Complex Predicates in Tsafiki. Ann Arbor: UMI.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: publisher location (link)
  3. ^Miyaoka, Osahito; Sakiyama, Osamu; Krauss, Michael E., eds. (2007).The vanishing languages of the Pacific rim. Oxford linguistics. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 196–197.ISBN 978-0-19-926662-3.OCLC 71004259.

External links

[edit]
Northern
Coconucan
Other
Southern
Cañari–Puruhá ?
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