 | |
| Geographical range | central and easternPoland, westernUkraine, westernBelarus |
|---|---|
| Period | Bronze Age Europe |
| Dates | ca. 2400–1300 BC |
| Preceded by | Mierzanowice culture,Únětice culture,Iwno culture,Comb Ceramic culture,Multi-cordoned ware culture |
| Followed by | Lusatian culture,Urnfield culture |
TheTrzciniec culture is an Early and MiddleBronze Age (2400-1300 BC) archaeological culture in Central-Eastern Europe, mainly Poland and parts of Lithuania. The material culture similarity and overall chronological contemporaneity withKomarov (Ukraine) and Sośnica (Belarus) cultures resulted in the definition of the Trzciniec-Komaróv-Sośnica complex[1] or, more recently, the Trzciniec Cultural Circle.[2]In Poland, the archaeological sites of the Trzciniec culture are found in Central, Southern, and Eastern Poland (Kuyavia,Lesser Poland,Mazovia,Podlachia, andLublin Upland).
Trzciniec culture was first identified byWłodzimierz Antoniewicz, who named it "band pottery culture".The term "Trzciniec culture" from the eponymous site Trzciniec nearOpole Lubelskie was introduced byJózef Kostrzewski in 1930.[3][4]The first complete monograph of the Trzciniec culture was written byAleksander Gardawski.[5]From a cultural-historical perspective, the origins of the Trzciniec culture are associated with threeCorded Ware-related cultures:Mierzanowice,Strzyżów andIwno.In general, the Trzciniec culture was succeeded by theLusatian culture.
The best known settlements of the Trzciniec culture were in Złota Pińczowska, WięcławiceŚwiętokrzyskie, Goszyce, and west Bondyrz, close to the kurgans of Guciów. Some of these sites include important treasures containing materials such as ornamental gold and silver like in Stawiszyce andRawa Mazowiecka.
Burial rite of the Trzciniec culture is characterized by regional preferences in usinginhumation andcremation. Cases of inhumation were discovered in Wolica Nowa, in the form ofkurgans. Evidence of kurgan inhumation have been found at Łubna-Jakusy, whereas kurgan cremation has been found at Guciów.
There is evidence for the use of chariots by the Trzciniec culture.[6][7]
A decorated bronzediadem with a central solar cross motif fromDratów in Poland, belonging to the Trzciniec culture, is a unique find from central Europe in this period.[8][9]
Mittnik et al. (2018) examined the remains of seven possible Trzciniec individuals buried inTurlojiškė,Lithuania between 2,100 BC and 600 BC. The three samples ofY-DNA extracted belonged tohaplogroup R1a1a1b (two samples) andCT, while the seven samples ofmtDNA extracted belonged to haplogroupU5a2a1,T2b (three samples),H5,H4a1a1a3, andH.[10]
Juras et al. (2020) examined the mtDNA of eighty individuals ascribed to the Trzciniec culture.[11][12] The individuals were determined to be closely related to peoples of theCorded Ware culture,Bell Beaker culture,Únětice culture, and theMierzanowice culture. They were notably genetically different from peoples of the neighboringStrzyżów culture, which displayed closer genetic relations to cultures further east.[13]
![Bronze spearhead, clothing pin and bracelets[14]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=http%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3aZbiornik_Niewiadoma_-_zabytki_odkryte_w_kurhanie_datowanym_na_XVIII_p.n.e.jpg)
![Horse bridle items made from antler[15]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=http%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3aHorse_bridle_items%2c_made_from_antler.jpg)
![Double-horse burials 2000–1300 BC, associated with the spread of chariots[16][17]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=http%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3aDispersion_of_double-horse_burials_(complete_skeletons_only)_2000-1300_BC.jpg)
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