| True Detective | |
|---|---|
| Season 1 | |
 Blu-ray cover | |
| Showrunner | Nic Pizzolatto |
| Starring | |
| No. of episodes | 8 |
| Release | |
| Original network | HBO |
| Original release | January 12 (2014-01-12) – March 9, 2014 (2014-03-09) |
| Season chronology | |
Next → Season 2 | |
| List of episodes | |
The first season ofTrue Detective, an Americananthologycrime drama television series created byNic Pizzolatto, aired in eight episodes betweenJanuary 12 andMarch 9, 2014 on the premium cable networkHBO.Matthew McConaughey andWoody Harrelson lead a five-actor principal cast asLouisiana State Police homicide detectivesRustin "Rust" Cohle and Martin "Marty" Hart. EachTrue Detective season follows a self-contained story, characterized by distinct sets of characters, settings, and events with shared continuity.
Framed as anonlinear narrative,True Detective season one explores Cohle and Hart's recollection of their investigation of the murder of Dora Lange from 1995 to 2002. They must revisit the investigation ten years later, as new evidence implicates the perpetrator in a slew of other unsolved murders and disappearances. Subplots in the season center on the men's personal lives.
Pizzolatto initially conceivedTrue Detective as a novel, but pursued a television concept because of the story's shifts in time and perspective.Cary Joji Fukunaga directed the episodes, each funded with a $4–4.5 million budget and tax subsidies from the Louisiana state government. Filming for the season began in January 2013 and finished that June.True Detective season one has been read as work that examinesphilosophical pessimism, Christianity, and masculinity. Further discourse addresses the story'scomic andhorror fiction influences, the show's artistic merits under the framework ofauteur theory, and its depiction of women.
True Detective season one received highly positive reviews in the media. Critics praised the show as one of the strongest dramas of the year, but occasionally criticized some aspects of the writing such as characterization. It was a candidate fornumerous awards, including aPrimetime Emmy Award nomination forOutstanding Drama Series and aGolden Globe Award forBest Miniseries or Television Film, and won several other honors for writing, cinematography, direction, and acting.
| No. overall | No. in season | Title | Directed by | Written by | Original release date | U.S. viewers (millions) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 | "The Long Bright Dark" | Cary Joji Fukunaga | Nic Pizzolatto | January 12, 2014 (2014-01-12) | 2.33[1] | |
Vermilion Parish, Louisiana, January 3, 1995. State homicide detectives Martin "Marty" Hart andRustin "Rust" Cohle investigate the murder of 28-year-old Dora Lange, whose body was found in a sugar cane field outsideErath. Her corpse has been staged against a tree as if in prayer, with her head crowned with deer antlers and her body surrounded by twig latticeworks resemblingCajun bird traps. At the insistence of his wife Maggie, Marty invites Rust to dinner. Rust arrives drunk but opens up to Maggie about the death of his daughter. Their investigation leads them to Lange's ex-husband Charlie, who tells them that during his last phone call with her, she talked about meeting a king. While interviewing neighbors in Erath, Marty and Rust come across the five-year-old missing-persons case of a child named Marie Fontenot. They also hear of a report of a child being chased through the woods by a "green-eared spaghetti monster". While following up on Fontenot's disappearance, they discover another twig latticework, ostensibly placed in recent times, inside her dilapidated playhouse. In May 2012, Marty and Rust are separately interviewed about the Lange investigation by detectives Thomas Papania and Maynard Gilbough. Marty and Rust have not spoken since an altercation in 2002. The crime scene of a recently slain woman closely resembles the Lange murder scene, suggesting that despite Rust and Marty's apparent solving of the case in 1995, the real killer may remain at large. | |||||||
| 2 | 2 | "Seeing Things" | Cary Joji Fukunaga | Nic Pizzolatto | January 19, 2014 (2014-01-19) | 1.67[2] | |
In 1995, Marty is having an affair with a younger colleague. Animosity between Rust and Marty flares after Rust implies knowledge of this affair. Reverend Billy Lee Tuttle, a celebrated evangelist and cousin of the Louisiana governor, pushes the creation of a police task force focusing on "anti-Christian crimes". The task force wants to take over Lange's case. Marty and Rust's superior agree to give them a little bit more time before handing it over. Marty and Rust's investigation leads them to The Ranch – a remote rural brothel employing runaway girls. One of Dora's friends at The Ranch hands them Lange's diary, which contains repeated references to "Carcosa" and a "Yellow King". Based on forensic evidence, Rust speculates that Dora's killerhooked her on increasing amounts ofmeth andLSD to elicit hallucinations. In the wreckage of a burnt-out church Lange attended, they find a wall painting depicting a human figure wearing deer antlers. In 2012, Rust reflects on his daughter's death in a car accident, which led to the collapse of his marriage and his spending four years as an undercover narcotics investigator. His undercover career ended with a lethal gunfight, after which he was admitted to a psychiatric institution. On release, Rust requested a job in homicide and was sent to Louisiana, partnered with Marty. Rust reveals that he experiences brief, intermittent episodes of visual hallucinations caused by years of drug use while working as an undercover officer. Shots from 1995 show that Rust occasionally hallucinates when he is with Marty, but he does not discuss them. Marty is now divorced from Maggie for reasons unrevealed. | |||||||
| 3 | 3 | "The Locked Room" | Cary Joji Fukunaga | Nic Pizzolatto | January 26, 2014 (2014-01-26) | 1.93[3] | |
1995. Marty and Rust speak with pastor Joel Theriot and learn that Lange was sometimes seen at church with a tall man with distinctive facial scarring. Their investigation continues in the face of pressure to turn the case over to Tuttle's new task force. Marty enters a jealous rage when he discovers his mistress Lisa with another man. While researching old investigations, Rust identifies symbols similar to the Lange case in the death of Rianne Olivier, which had been classed accidental. Marty and Rust visit Light of the Way Academy, a religious school run by Tuttle that Olivier attended, but find it abandoned save for a groundsman mowing the lawn, whom Rust questions. They learn that Olivier's boyfriend Reggie Ledoux is an ex-con who was a cellmate of Dora Lange's ex-husband, Charlie. The detectives put out anAPB on Ledoux. 2012. The interviews continue, revealing Marty's self-serving moral views and Rust's nihilistic views of humanity. | |||||||
| 4 | 4 | "Who Goes There" | Cary Joji Fukunaga | Nic Pizzolatto | February 9, 2014 (2014-02-09) | 1.99[4] | |
In 1995, Charlie Lange admits he showed pictures of Dora to Ledoux. Marty tracks down an associate of Ledoux and learns that Ledoux only sells the meth he makes to one client: the Iron Crusaders, abiker gang of East Texas. Rust has connections in the Crusaders from his days undercover. He decides to take leave days to infiltrate the Crusaders, telling his superiors that he needs to visit his dying father. Lisa reveals Marty's affair to Maggie, who asks Marty to leave the house, devastating him. Rust convinces Marty to help him as he infiltrates the Iron Crusaders. Rust's contact Ginger promises access to the gang's meth supply in exchange for Rust's (who is known to the gang as "Crash") help robbing a rival gang. The robbery goes badly. Rust kidnaps Ginger and barely escapes with Marty. In 2012, Marty and Rust do not tell Papania and Gilbough about their escapade with the Iron Crusaders. They each maintain the story of Rust taking leave to visit his father in Alaska. | |||||||
| 5 | 5 | "The Secret Fate of All Life" | Cary Joji Fukunaga | Nic Pizzolatto | February 16, 2014 (2014-02-16) | 2.25[5] | |
In 1995, Ginger brings Rust to Dewall Ledoux, Reggie's cousin and meth-cooking partner. Dewall refuses to do business with Rust but unwittingly leads him and Marty to their meth lab hidden in thebayou. Marty apprehends Reggie Ledoux, who makes cryptic statements about "Carcosa". Before Rust was able to question Reggie, Marty kills him in a rage after discovering two kidnapped and abused children in the compound. Dewall tries to flee but sets off a booby trap. Marty and Rust plant evidence to make it look as though a shootout has taken place, a scenario they report to a police investigation. They are hailed as heroes at the police station and in the press and they receive commendations and promotions. By 2002, Marty and Maggie have reconciled and Rust is dating again. While Rust is consulting on a police interrogation, the prisoner asks for aplea bargain in exchange for information about Dora Lange's killer, who he claims is still at large and killing. He mentions the "Yellow King", which gets Rust's attention. The prisoner kills himself in his cell before Rust can investigate his claims. Rust returns to the Dora Lange murder site and discovers that the same tree is now adorned with twig sculptures and a large wreath of vines and roots, all of them surreptitiously placed recently just like the twig sculpture in Marie Fontenot's playhouse found years earlier. Rust also returns to Light of the Way Academy, where he finds more twig sculptures and dark imagery on the walls. In 2012, both Marty and Rust do not tell Papania and Gilbough about what really happened the night they rescued the children and killed Ledoux and Dewall; they repeat the same report from 1995. Papania and Gilbough tell Marty they suspect that Rust, who they allege conveniently led Marty to every clue or lead in the case, has been orchestrating the killings. Rust is also a person of interest in Rev. Billy Lee Tuttle's suspicious death two years earlier, which was around the time Rust returned to Louisiana. Rust walks out of his interview after the detectives accuse him. | |||||||
| 6 | 6 | "Haunted Houses" | Cary Joji Fukunaga | Nic Pizzolatto | February 23, 2014 (2014-02-23) | 2.64[6] | |
In 2002, Rust links missing persons to Tuttle-funded schools. A former pastor in Tuttle's ministries claims Tuttle covered up child molestation. Ledoux's surviving victim, now in residential care withregressive catatonia, tells Rust about a third attacker—a giant man with scars—and begins screaming when Rust asks her about the man's face. Tuttle complains to the police department following a tense meeting with Rust, who has been warned to stop investigating and is suspended. While shopping at a localT-Mobile branch, Marty is recognized by store employee Beth, who happens to be the former underage prostitute who had kept Dora Lange's diary in The Ranch back in 1995. They start an affair soon after. After Maggie discovers the new affair, she tempts a drunk Rust and has sex with him. After she tells Marty about it, he and Rust fight in the police station parking lot. Rust quits the police force immediately after the fight. In 2012, Papania and Gilbough interview Maggie who, now married to a wealthier man, deflects their questions. Marty walks out of his interview in response to Papania and Gilbough's accusations against Rust. Separated by rage and jealousy in 2002, Rust seeks out Marty and they agree to reunite and talk. | |||||||
| 7 | 7 | "After You've Gone" | Cary Joji Fukunaga | Nic Pizzolatto | March 2, 2014 (2014-03-02) | 2.34[7] | |
In 2012, Rust presents Marty with evidence of a cult (bearing similarities toCourir de Mardi Gras) he believes is responsible for the disappearance of dozens of women and children along the coast in Louisiana. Among the evidence is a videotape, which Rust stole from a safe in Rev. Tuttle's home, of men in costumes and masks ritualistically raping and murdering Marie Fontenot (the missing-child case briefly investigated in 1995). Rust denies killing Tuttle, speculating that others did it to prevent Tuttle from being blackmailed over the tape. Marty, shaken from watching the videotape, agrees to join the investigation. They learn that Tuttle had an illegitimate half-brother with the surname Childress, whose son had scars on his face. They also learn that their former colleague Steve Geraci was ordered by his boss Ted Childress—then sheriff of Vermilion Parish—to cut short his investigation of Fontenot's disappearance. Marty and Rust accost Geraci to coerce the details from him, threatening him if he should try to go to the authorities or have them arrested. Gilbough and Papania ask the same groundsman Rust encountered at Light of the Way Academy in 1995 for directions to the burnt-out church. They drive off without noticing the lower part of his face is heavily scarred. | |||||||
| 8 | 8 | "Form and Void" | Cary Joji Fukunaga | Nic Pizzolatto | March 9, 2014 (2014-03-09) | 3.52[8] | |
In 2012, the "man with the scars" is shown living in a large house in squalor with a female relative with whom he has an incestuous relationship. Later, he goes to work painting a school and watches children on the playground. Marty and Rust extract details from Geraci by showing him the Fontenot tape. Marty thinks the "green-eared spaghetti monster" may have been the scarred man covered in green paint after painting a house in Dora Lange's neighborhood in 1995. They trace the paint job to a small business owned by William Childress that employed a man with facial scars. They visit William Childress's home and Rust pursues the scarred man, Errol Childress, through a labyrinth of trees and tunnels that Errol identifies as Carcosa. Rust briefly sees a hallucination of a spiraling vortex before he is attacked by Errol. Marty runs to Rust's aid and they both fight Errol. They are all severely wounded but Rust manages to kill Errol via a gunshot to the head. While Marty and Rust recover in the hospital, Papania and Gilbough connect Errol to dozens of missing-person cases and murders, including Dora Lange's, finding several bodies buried in the yard. The Tuttles escape prosecution, but are publicly disgraced. Marty breaks down in tears when Maggie and their daughters visit him. The two detectives reflect on the universal battle between light and dark. Following his near-death experience, Rust expresses a new optimism about the fate of the universe in the final line of the season. | |||||||
Before creatingTrue Detective,Nic Pizzolatto taught at theUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,DePauw University, and theUniversity of Chicago.[9] His first commercial writing venture was a short story collection he published asBetween Here and the Yellow Sea in 2006, inspired byHBO's seriesThe Wire,The Sopranos, andDeadwood.[9][10] After following up with a novel,Galveston, in 2010, he began concentrating on television writing. His earlier attempts at scriptwriting were unsuccessful because of a lack of money.[10] Pizzolatto obtained his first major TV gig as a screenwriter forAMC's seriesThe Killing in 2011. He credits the show with giving him a glimpse of the inner workings of the television industry. Pizzolatto grew increasingly dissatisfied with the series' creative direction, and left two weeks into staff writing sessions forits second season.[9]
True Detective was intended to be a novel, but once the project took definite form, Pizzolatto thought the narrative's shifts in time and perspective made it more suitable for television.[9][11] He pitched an adaptation ofGalveston, and from May to July 2010 he developed six screenplays, including an early, 90-page draft of theTrue Detectivepilot script.[9][10] Pizzolatto secured a development deal with HBO for a potential pilot series shortly thereafter.[9] He wrote a secondTrue Detective script soon after his departure fromThe Killing thanks to the support of production company and managerAnonymous Content, which ultimately produced and developed the project in-house.[9][12] By April 2012, following a heated bidding period, HBO commissioned eight episodes ofTrue Detective, with a budget of $4–4.5 million per episode.[12][13] Pizzolatto did not hire a writing staff because he believed a collaborative approach would not work with his isolated, novelistic process, and that a group would not achieve his desired result.[14] After working alone for about three months, the final copy of the project script was 500 pages long.[14][15]
As an anthology, eachTrue Detective season follows a self-contained narrative, characterized by distinct sets of characters, settings, and events with shared continuity.[9][16][17] Pizzolatto began contemplating the lead roles while he was pitching the series to networks in early 2012.[9]True Detective's anthology format required actors to commit to only a single season, so Pizzolatto was able to attract film stars who normally avoid television series because of their busy schedules.[14] Woody Harrelson and Matthew McConaughey were among the actors Pizzolatto considered for star billing. McConaughey, who had recently finished filmingKiller Joe (2011), was contracted well before HBO commissioned the season.[11] Impressed with his performance inThe Lincoln Lawyer (2011), Pizzolatto at first assigned him to play Hart, but McConaughey convinced him to give him the part of Cohle.[18] When asked in aVariety interview about his decision to switch parts, the actor replied, "I wanted to get in that dude's head. The obsession, the island of a man—I'm always looking for a guy who monologues. It's something really important as I feel I'm going into my better work."[19] To prepare for the role, McConaughey created a 450-page analysis—the "Four Stages of Rustin Cohle"—to study his character's evolution during the season.[20]
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Harrelson was the season's next significant casting choice, brought on to play Hart at McConaughey's request.[21][22] Harrelson stated that he joinedTrue Detective partly because he wanted to work with certain people involved in the project, with whom he had previously collaborated in the 2012 HBO filmGame Change.[23] Michelle Monaghan agreed to play the season's female lead, Maggie, because she felt compelled by the direction of the plot and her character's story arc.[24]Michael Potts andTory Kittles completed the principal cast, playing detectives Maynard Gilbough and Thomas Papania, respectively.[25][26] Major supporting roles inTrue Detective's first season includeKevin Dunn as Major Ken Quesada, Alexandra Daddario as Lisa Tragnetti, and Brad Carter as Charlie Lange.[25]
Pizzolatto narrowed his search for a suitable director toCary Joji Fukunaga, whom he knew from Anonymous Content, andAlejandro González Iñárritu. Fukunaga was formally appointed as director after Iñárritu pulled out of the project due to film commitments.[27][28] In preparation for his work on the series, Fukunaga spent time with a homicide detective of theLouisiana State Police's Criminal Investigations Division to develop an accurate depiction of a 1990s homicide detective's work.[29] Fukunaga recruitedAdam Arkapaw, director of photography ofTop of the Lake, as project cinematographer. Arkapaw came to the director's attention for his work inAnimal Kingdom (2010) andSnowtown (2011), and was hired after the two negotiated a deal at a meeting inSan Francisco.[30] Alex DiGerlando, whom Fukunaga had worked with onBenh Zeitlin'sGlory at Sea in 2008, was appointed as the production designer. Fukunaga said in an interview, "I knew what Alex accomplished in the swamps of Louisiana and given some money, how much more amazing he could be in building sets that would just be used for one or two days and be abandoned again."[31]
HBO chose to film inLouisiana over Pizzolatto's original preference forArkansas, as the state offeredtransferrable tax credits to subsidize the cost of production for all eligible shoots.[32] Pizzolatto was also compelled by the industrial setting as a storytelling device: "There's a contradictory nature to the place and a sort of sinister quality underneath it all ... everything lives under layers of concealment. The woods are thick and dark and impenetrable. On the other hand you have the beauty of it all from a distance."[14][32]
Principal photography took three months (between 100 and 110 days), from January to June 2013, with approximately five minutes of film shot per day.[30][31] Production staff constructed various set pieces, among them a scorched chapel, Joel Theriot'stent revival, and the Louisiana State Criminal Investigations Division offices, the last of which they built inside an abandoned light bulb warehouse nearElmwood.[33] For the Dora Lange crime scene, the crew filmed exterior shots at a remote sugarcane field which, because it was partially burned, inspired what DiGerlando called a "moody and atmospheric" backdrop for the corresponding interior scenes.[33]
The scene in which Cohle, taking Ginger hostage, escapes a housing complex amidst gunfire, was captured inBridge City as a single six-minutetracking shot, a technique Fukunaga had employed inSin Nombre (2009) andJane Eyre (2011).[34][35] Shot in seven takes, preparation for the scene was extensive and demanding: McConaughey trained with Mark Norby to master a fighting style for his character,[34] and the nature of the shoot required a team of stunt coordinators, make-up artists, and special effects crew on hand during its entire course.[35] Elsewhere, shooting took place at an unoccupied high school campus inKenner and nineteenth-centuryFort Macomb, located outsideNew Orleans.[33][36] FormerLouisiana State Police Detective Tim Hanks served as technical advisor for the season.[37]
True Detective season one was shot on35 mm film,[38] which the production staff chose to achieve an authentic "nostalgic" quality.[30] The season was filmed using aPanavision Millennium XL2 camera, and the choice of lens corresponded to the period when a scene took place. Scenes set in 1995 and 2002 were captured with Panavision PVintage lenses, which produced a softer image because they were made of recycled, low-contrast glass. As these scenes were written as a reflection of Cohle and Hart's memory, production sought to make them as cinematic as possible, to reflect what Arkapaw called "the fragmentation of their lucid imaginations back through their past."[30] To achieve this, they relied on wider lenses to exaggerate composition.[30] The 2012 scenes were shot with Panavision Primo lenses: the visual palette in comparison was sharper and had much more contrast, lending a "modern, crisp feeling" to the images, and, according to Arkapaw, pulling "characters out from their environments to hopefully help audiences get inside their heads".[30]
Joshua Walsh was responsible for creatingTrue Detective's artwork. His work for the show consists of over 100 individual "devil's nests"—twig figurines created by the killer—along with wall paintings and miniature sculptures of men made of beer cans, among others.[33] According to DiGerlando, Walsh's interests in hunting and taxidermy made him "the perfect dude for the job".[33] A blueprint for the devil's nests was not well established in the script, other than specifications that the structures be able to stand on their own and feature a spiral motif. DiGerlando and Walsh went with a tripod design that showed a spiral when viewed from the base, and contained ladder-like crossing elements that symbolized the killer's desire to ascend to a darkspiritual plane. Each design had subtle differences from one another.[33] DiGerlando citedvoodoo art and the work ofHenry Darger andJames Charles Castle as strong stylistic influences and sought a primitive look for the figurines, one that revealed the workings of a man with "some deep inner urge to express himself".[33] To reflect this, Walsh built devil's nests using mud, secondhand children's clothing, reeds, roots, and other materials he felt the killer would use.[33]
The season's title sequence was a collaboration between director Patrick Clair, hisSanta Monica-based studio Elastic, hisSydney-based studio Antibody, andBrisbane-based company Breeder.[39][40] The design team emphasized southern Louisiana's industrial landscape because it reflected the characters' traits and moral struggles. Clair stated that from the start he had an "unusually clear" vision ofTrue Detective's finished opening sequence.[39] UsingRichard Misrach's photography bookPetrochemical America (2012) as a template, the production team initially photographed the local scenery, and the resulting images were woven together to form the core of the title sequence.[40] By the time production began animating, they faced several problems: the photographic stills were too grainy and the footage was too jagged. As a result, many shots were digitally altered and slowed to about a tenth of their original speed, which, according to Clair, "evoked a surreal and floaty mood that perfectly captured what we were after."[39]
Creation of a3D effect required the design team to use an assortment oflow-poly meshes, or 3D geometric models.[39] Using a variety of animation and special effects techniques, these images were latersuperimposed "with painstaking care" to avoid a sterile, digitized look.[40] Clair said, "The most crucial thing to me was that this didn't feel digital, so we went to great lengths to incorporate as much organic imagery as possible."[40] For some stills, the design team createddigital doubles to develop more texture. The sequence's final cut was polished using optical glitching andmotion distortion techniques.[39]The Sydney Morning Herald included the opening sequence in a list of ten of the best title sequences on television.[41]
Season one's opening theme is "Far from Any Road", analternative country song originally composed byThe Handsome Family for their 2003 albumSinging Bones.[40] TheTrue Detective soundtrack features a compilation ofgospel andblues music, which were selected by Pizzolatto andT Bone Burnett. The pair opposed the use ofCajun music andswamp blues for the season's musical score because they felt it was overdone.[42] Burnett said the score was intended to be character-driven, rather than inspired by other crime fiction drama.[42] Songs byBo Diddley,Melvins,Primus,The Staple Singers,Grinderman,Wu-Tang Clan,Vashti Bunyan,Townes Van Zandt,Juice Newton, andCaptain Beefheart appear in season one.[43][44] Burnett also composed original pieces withRhiannon Giddens, who used aSwarmatron synthesizer, andCassandra Wilson.[42] HBO released an abridged soundtrack album, featuring 14 tracks fromTrue Detective's first two seasons, on August 14, 2015, through physical media andiTunes.[45]
Critics have offered many readings of the influence ofweird andhorror fiction onTrue Detective's narrative, often examining the influence ofRobert W. Chambers' short story collectionThe King in Yellow (1895) andThomas Ligotti.[46] Allusions toThe King in Yellow can be observed in the show's dark philosophy,[47] its recurring use of "Carcosa" and "The Yellow King" asmotifs throughout the series, and its symbolic use of yellow as a thematic signature that signifies insanity and decadence.[48] Pizzolatto was accused of plagiarizing Ligotti because of close similarities between lines inTrue Detective and text from Ligotti's nonfiction bookThe Conspiracy Against the Human Race (2010)—accusations Pizzolatto denied, while acknowledging Ligotti's influence.[49]
Other philosophers and writers identified as influences includeArthur Schopenhauer,[47]Friedrich Nietzsche,[49]Gilles Deleuze,[50]Ray Brassier,Emil Cioran, andEugene Thacker.[51] Mathijs Peters, in a piece forFilm International, argued thatTrue Detective probes Schopenhauerian philosophy through its approach to individuality, self-denial, and the battle between dark and light.[52] Ben Woodard noted the show's evolving philosophy, which examines a setting where culture, religion and society are the consequences of biological weakness. Woodward wrote, "Biological programming gets recuperated and socially redistributed visions, faiths, and acerbic personalities take the reins of uncertain ends creating a world where 'people go away'."[53] Even the setting, Fintan Neylan argued, emphasizes a world "where the decrepitude of human ordering cannot be hidden".[54] "This is not a place where hope fled; it is a place where hope could never take root. It is with these people and environs that the real horror is sourced".[54] Neylan observed that Cohle's actions are not motivated bymisanthropy, rather a drive to challenge "those who try to either disguise or manipulate this frailty of humans for their own benefit".[55] Cohle ultimately confronts "an entire philosophical history which has taken its task as that of sweeping frailty away".[55]Christopher Orr atThe Atlantic saidTrue Detective was "Fincherian in the best sense", a fusion ofSe7en (1995) andZodiac (2007), because of its subject matter, sleek cinematography and "vivid, unsettling" aura.[56]
Some commentators noted further influences from comic book literature. Adams likened Cohle to the protagonist ofAlan Moore's The Courtyard and drew parallels withGrant Morrison'sThe Invisibles for the show's brief exploration ofM-theory with one of Cohle's monologues.[57]ComicsAlliance andNew York columnist Abraham Riesman citedTop 10 as the inspiration for the season finale based on dialogue from the episode's closing scene.[58][59]
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Another major topic of discussion concernsTrue Detective's artistic merits under the framework ofauteur theory. Auteurism (from the Frenchauteur, "author") is a critical framework in which films (or other works of art) are assessed as reflections of the personal vision of individual authors, typically the director or writer.[60] Authorship of a television series is most commonly ascribed to theshowrunner, usually a creator of a series who fills a dual role ashead writer andexecutive producer. For example, the crime dramaTwin Peaks (1990–91) is often interpreted as a product of the contrasting visions of its co-creators,David Lynch andMark Frost, each of whom exercised varying degrees of control over the course of its first two seasons and later sequels.[61] Colin Robertson atThe List sawTwin Peaks as the most notable artistic antecedent toTrue Detective's first season, seeing that both shows challengegeneric crime drama cliches and "use the genre conventions of awhodunnit-style mystery as a sublimely subversive diving board, and leap off from there to tell a broader story."[62]
From the perspective of auteur theory, the first season ofTrue Detective is noteworthy for its reliance on only a single screenwriter and a single director: not only did Pizzolatto serve as showrunner, but he and Fukunaga were at the helm of each episode as sole writer and director, respectively.[61] The partnership of a sole writer and sole director was virtually unique in the traditionally collaborative medium of television production, as most series involve a writing staff and a set of several directors working in tandem over the course of a season.[60][62]Scott Timberg atSalon noted that Pizzolatto's previous writing experience was not in film or television butliterary fiction, a "more purely auteurist form" for which total creative control by an individual author is the norm.[63]
Fukunaga did not return for the second season, which instead featured six directors across eight episodes, and Pizzolatto retained control of the writing. Met with mixed reviews, season two prompted critics to reevaluate the "auteurist" perspective on the previous season. A critical consensus held that, in hindsight, the response to season one had overestimated the extent of Pizzolatto's individual creative responsibility.[61][60] Ryan Lattanzio atIndieWire posited that Fukunaga's direction of the first season in its entirety had resulted in a consistent vision that counterbalanced "Pizzolatto's tendency to overwrite, and undercook".[64] Conversely, Brian Tallerico ofRogerEbert.com recognized the common view that Fukunaga had provided "balance" to "Pizzolatto's overwriting" but argued "the balance came equally" from Harrelson and McConaugheyplaying against type in serious roles, as both actors were "widely-known as 'laid-backdudes,' often in comedies as much as drama".[65]
True Detective explores Christianity and the dichotomy between religion and rationality. Born into a devoutCatholic household, Pizzolatto said that as a child he saw religion as storytelling that acts "as an escape from the truth".[66] According to Andrew Romano atThe Daily Beast, the season alludes to Pizzolatto's childhood and creates a parallel between Christianity and the supernatural theology of "Carcosa": "Both ... are stories. Stories people tell themselves to escape reality. Stories that 'violate every law of the universe.'"[66] Romano believed this message is not critical of religionper se; rather it shows how the "power of storytelling" and religious zeal "can wind [you] up in some pretty sick places."[66] Jeff Jensen fromEntertainment Weekly has opined that the show becomes more self-aware through Cohle's harsh critiques of religion, which he viewed as a vehicle for commentary about pop culture escapism.[67] Stapleton observed that the crimes onTrue Detective—through its victims and the implications of sacrifice and sexual violence—"respond to the conservative Christianity from which they originate, and seek to exploit the opportunities for the pleasure of transgression such a structure offers."[68]
Theorist Edia Connole saw connections toPhilip Marlowe andLe Morte d'Arthur'sLancelot inTrue Detective's presentation of Cohle, all "knights whose duty to their liege lord is tempered with devotion to God."[69] Other aspects ofTrue Detective evoke Christian imagery, including the opening scene, which Connole felt mirrored thecrucifixion of Jesus.[70] The author and philosopher Finn Janning argued that Cohle's evolution illustrates an affinity betweenBuddhism andphilosophical pessimism.[50] A self-proclaimed pessimist, Cohle is, however, changed by anear-death experience in the season finale, in which he has an epiphany, seeing death as "pure love": this echoes the Buddhist concept ofrigpa.[50]
Commentators have notedmasculinity as a theme inTrue Detective. Christopher Lirette ofSouthern Spaces said the show was about "men living in a brutally masculine world" and women are depicted as "things-to-be-saved and erotic obstacles" à laDouble Indemnity (1944) andChinatown (1974).[71]Slate's Willa Paskin saidTrue Detective's depiction of its female characters—as sex workers, the deceased and "a nagging wife"—seemed to reveal an intent to reflect the protagonists' "blinkered worldview and the very masculine, Southern cop culture they inhabited".[72] Some commentators saw Hart's characterization as a manifestation of this idea, evident through his conventional view ofwomen as virgins and whores, as well as his treatment of Maggie and Audrey.[71][73][74] When Hart confronts the two men who had sex with Audrey, he is in essence "charging other men a price for infringing on the daughter he sees, in a muddled way, as both deserving of protection and badly in need of being controlled".[73]
In her piece forSalon, Janet Turley said that the women "become reflections of the men", given that theTrue Detective universe is seen through the eyes of the show's male leads.[75] Sam Adams ofIndiewire contended that the story was about "the horrible things men do to women", many of which are never reported to or investigated by authorities. Adams wrote, "No one missed Dora Lange. Marie Fontenot disappeared, and the police let a rumor stop them from following up".[76] He said the role of women was more profound because Cohle suffers through his ex-wife and deceased daughter and Hart is unable to "deal appropriately with the women who are there".[76] According to Scott Wilson, a cultural studies lecturer atKingston University, women are categorized as "thesuperegoic, theobscene and thesacred".[77] Maggie, in Wilson's interpretation, is portrayed as the superegoic wife who "constantly makes demands on her guilty husband or partner tying him or her down and deflecting him or her from his symbolic role as police".[77]
The philosopher Erin K. Stapleton subscribes to the theory that Dora Lange's corpse serves to "provide the initial territory or orientation through which the communities ofTrue Detective are formed."[78] It is through Dora's corpse that Cohle and Hart's partnership is first clearly articulated and in addition to their own bond, "the intimate knowledge" of her body is the basis of all of the other relationships in their respective lives.[78][79] Her narrative thus, by proxy, influences both men's character development as they delve into the case.[80]
True Detective debuted to 2.3 million U.S. viewers, becoming HBO's highest rated series premiere since thepilot episode ofBoardwalk Empire.[81] Ratings remained steady and peaked at the finale, which drew 3.5 million viewers.[82] Overall, season one averaged 2.33 million viewers,[83] and its average gross audience (which includesDVR recordings, reruns, andHBO Go streaming) totaled 11.9 million viewers per episode, thus becoming HBO's highest rated freshman show since the first season ofSix Feet Under 13 years earlier.[84][85]
True Detective, coming as it does after what was arguably the best year for dramas in at least five years ... just puts an exclamation point on the topic of excessive quality.
The American press consideredTrue Detective to be among the best television shows of 2014.[87] OnRotten Tomatoes, the first season has an approval rating of 92% based on 100 reviews, with a critics consensus stating: "InTrue Detective, performances by Woody Harrelson and Matthew McConaughey reel the viewer in, while the style, vision and direction make it hard to turn away."[88] Many critics complimented the work of both lead actors,[89][90][91] often singling out McConaughey for further praise,[92][93][94] with his work described as "jaw-droppingly great"[95] and "simply magnetic".[96] Some reviewers singled out simple conversational scenes, often in claustrophobic interiors, as some of the best acting in the series.[91][97][98] The characterization received mixed reviews: Cohle's speeches, described byHuffPost as "mesmerizing monologues",[98] and byVanity Fair as dense and interesting material,[93] were criticized by theNew York Post as "'70s-era psycho-babble" which slowed down the story.[99] Several critics viewed the portrayals of women as stereotypical: "either angry or aroused",[100][101] though Michelle Monaghan was praised for her performance in a "thankless role".[100]
Pizzolatto and Fukunaga, as sole writer and director of the entire series, were able to exercise much stronger control over the show than is usual for a TV series, which let the show take risks: the pacing, dialogue, and cinematography all departed at times from the expectations for a television drama.[95][102] Pizzolatto's scripts drew occasional criticism as "self-consciously literary" and overwritten,[103][99] and several journalists attributed mistakes in the script to Pizzolatto's inexperience in writing TV drama.[91][94] Despite the criticism, theDaily Telegraph andUproxx described the season as "ambitious"[104] and "dense with event and meaning".[95] The flashback structure also divided critics: it was described as "impressively seamless",[94] and "a major asset",[105] but the fragmented approach to storytelling was considered a flaw by others.[95][93] Uproxx praised Fukunaga's atmospheric and "hauntingly beautiful" cinematography,[95] andThe Boston Globe complimented the "spare, hollow, percussive" soundtrack,[106] with Uproxx crediting the creative control the two men wielded for the quality of the result.[95]
The story of two mismatched detectives working on a case was described by several critics as a cliché,[107][101] though many reviewers felt this was made into a strength:The Daily Beast, for example, described the narrative as having "the potential to be revolutionary",[107] and theGrantland reviewer felt that "the form is truly radical and forward-thinking", though he added that "the content is anything but".[100] Emily Nussbaum, writing forThe New Yorker, was also critical, considering the real story to be "a simpler tale: one about heroic male outlines and closeups of female asses"; she described the philosophical monologues as "dorm-room deep talk" and argued that the show had "fallen for its own sales pitch".[101] Other reviewers were more positive: comments ranged from "as frighteningly nervy and furious in its delivery and intent as prime David Lynch",[108] to "one of the most riveting and provocative series I've ever seen".[107]
As the nominations for the66th Primetime Emmy Awards approached, early media reports namedTrue Detective among several potential miniseries candidates, due to a revision made by theAcademy of Television Arts & Sciences that recognized film and miniseries content as distinct categories.[109] By March 2014, HBO had submittedTrue Detective as a drama series contender,[110][111][112] an unconventional move given the show's anthology format and fierce competition from the likes ofBreaking Bad andHouse of Cards.[113] HBO's decision was censured byFX presidentJohn Landgraf, who remarked to reporters at a press event: "My own personal point of view is that a miniseries is a story that ends, a series is a story that continues. To tell you the truth, I think it's actually unfair for HBO to putTrue Detective in the drama series category because essentially you can get certain actors to do a closed-ended series – a laBilly Bob Thornton inFargo or Matthew McConaughey and Woody Harrelson inTrue Detective – who you can't get to sign on for a seven-year [regular drama series] deal."[114] Nevertheless,True Detective emerged as a frontrunner heading into the Primetime Emmy season, and in July 2014, was nominated for twelve awards; its closest rival,Breaking Bad, received sixteen nominations.[115] The series ultimately won five Emmy awards:Outstanding Directing (Fukunaga), Outstanding Casting, Outstanding Main Title Design, Outstanding Make-Up, and Outstanding Cinematography.[116]
True Detective was a candidate for a variety of awards, most of which recognized outstanding achievement in direction, cinematography, writing, and acting. It received fourGolden Globe nominations, among them forBest Miniseries or Television Film, and aTCA Award forProgram of the Year.[117][118] Among the show's wins include aBritish Academy Television Award (BAFTA) forBest International Programme, aWriters Guild of America Award in theDramatic Series category, and aCritics' Choice Television Award forBest Actor in a Drama Series (McConaughey).[119][120][121]
On June 10, 2014, HBO Home Entertainment released the first season ofTrue Detective on DVD andBlu-ray Disc formats. In addition to the eight episodes, both formats contain bonus content including interviews with McConaughey and Harrelson, Pizzolatto, and composer Burnett on the show's development, "Inside the Episode" featurettes, two audio commentaries, and deleted scenes from the season.[126] During its first week of sale in the United States,True Detective was the number two-selling TV series on DVD and Blu-ray Disc, selling 65,208 copies.[127]
Bibliography
Footnotes
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