| Trochilinae | |
|---|---|
_JCB.jpg) | |
| Femaleviolet-headed hummingbird (Klais guimeti) | |
Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Clade: | Strisores |
| Order: | Apodiformes |
| Family: | Trochilidae |
| Subfamily: | Trochilinae Reichenbach, 1854 |
| Tribes | |
3, see text | |
Trochilinae is one of the sixsubfamilies that make up the hummingbirdfamilyTrochilidae.
The subfamily is divided into threetribes:Lampornithini (mountain gems) containing 18 species,Mellisugini (bees) containing 37 species andTrochilini (emeralds) containing 115 species.[1][2]
The hummingbirds were formerly divided into two subfamilies, the hermits (Phaethornithinae) and the nonhermits (Trochilinae). The results from a 2007DNA hybridization study suggested that the hermits were basal to the rest of the family.[3]
Amolecular phylogenetic study of the hummingbirds published in 2007 found that the family consisted of nineclades.[4] WhenEdward Dickinson andJames Van Remsen Jr. updated theHoward and Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World for the 4th edition in 2013, they divided the hummingbird family into sixsubfamilies based on the molecular results and redefined the subfamily Trochilinae to contain three clades, each of which they placed in a separatetribe:Lampornithini (mountain gems),Mellisugini (bees) andTrochilini (emeralds).[5] A comprehensive phylogenetic study that sampled 284 hummingbird species was published in 2014. It confirmed the nine clades found in the earlier study but found that the hermits weresister to the topazes clade (subfamilyFlorisuginae) containing the generaTopaza andFlorisuga. Many of the traditional genera in the emerald clade (Trochilini) were shown to bepolyphyletic.[1] As a result, many of the genera in this part of thetree have been revised.[2][6]
| Trochilidae |
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The abovecladogram of the hummingbird family is based on amolecular phylogenetic study by Jimmy McGuire and collaborators published in 2014.[1] The Latin names are those proposed by Dickinson and Remsen in 2013.[7]