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African softshell turtle

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(Redirected fromTrionyx triunguis)

Species of turtle

African softshell turtle


Conservation status
Vulnerable (IUCN 3.1)^[1]
CITES Appendix II (CITES)^[2]
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Reptilia
Order:	Testudines
Suborder:	Cryptodira
Family:	Trionychidae
Genus:	Trionyx
Species:	T. triunguis
Binomial name
*Trionyx triunguis* (Forskål, 1775)^[3]
Synonyms^[4]
List Testudo triunguisForsskål, 1775 Testudo striataSuckow, 1798 Trionyx egyptiacusGeoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1809 Trionyx aegyptiacusGeoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1809 Amyda triunguisOken, 1816 Aspidonectes aegyptiacusWagler, 1830 Trionyx niloticusGray, 1831 Gymnopodus aegyptiacusDuméril & Bibron, 1835 Trionyx (Pelodiscus)labiatusFitzinger, 1835 Tyrse niloticaGray, 1844 Trionyx mortoniHallowell, 1844 Aspidonectes aspilusCope, 1860 Fordia africanaGray, 1869 Trionyx triunguisPeters, 1876 Gymnopus aspilusRochebrune, 1884 Gymnopus aegyptiacusBoulenger, 1889 Pelodiscus triunguisBaur, 1893 Aspidonectes triunguisHay, 1904 Pelodiscus labiatusHay, 1904 Tyrse triunguisHay, 1904 Trionyx triunguis rudolfianusDeraniyagala, 1948 Amyda triunguis rudolfianusMertens & Wermuth, 1955 Amyda triunguis triunguisMertens & Wermuth, 1955 Trionyx aegypticusMłynarski, 1969 (ex errore) Trionyx triungusGosławski & Hryniewicz, 1993 (ex errore) Trionix triunguisRichard, 1999

TheAfrican softshell turtle, orNile softshell turtle (Trionyx triunguis), is a largespecies ofsoftshell turtle from freshwater andbrackish-water habitats in Africa (larger parts ofEastern,Northeastern,Western andMiddle Africa) and theNear East (Israel,Lebanon,Syria andTurkey).^[3] It is the onlyextant species in thegenusTrionyx; historically, despite other species having been formerly placed in this genus as well, they have all been reclassified to other genera.^[3]

Despite the common name of "African softshell turtle",Trionyx triunguis is not the sole species (or genus) of softshell turtle found in Africa—the generaCyclanorbis andCycloderma are African—nor is it solely found on that continent, alone.^[3]

Description

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T. triunguis is a very large species of softshell turtle, with sizes ranging from 85 to 94 cm, with a weight of 40 kg, and an unconfirmed max size of 120 cm. They areomnivorous in their diet, consuming not only smallfish,frogs,tadpoles andcrustaceans, but also floatingpalm seeds and fallenleaves, and some aquatic vegetation.

Conservation

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T. triunguis was listed onCITES’s Appendix II in 2016; the population inGhana was also included in CITES’s Appendix III from 1976 to 2007. The Mediterranean subpopulation of the Nile soft-shelled turtle was listed in the “Red List of Threatened Species” by theIUCN, as critically endangered. They are under threat because of large use of their habitats with fishing activities, andirrigation, destruction of their nesting places, destruction caused by boats, andwater pollution.

Religion

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InAncient Egyptian religion the African softshell turtle seems to have been viewed as a symbol of evil animal and opponent ofRa.^[5]

Gallery

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African softshell turtle atNahal Alexander, Israel
Head of African softshell turtle atNahal Alexander, Israel
African softshell turtle withred-eared sliders atNahal Alexander, Israel
Head and neck of African softshell turtle atNahal Alexander, Israel
Head and neck (retracted) of African softshell turtle atNahal Alexander, Israel
Juvenile underwater, buried under sand

References

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^van Dijk; P.P.; Diagne, T.; Luiselli, L.; Baker, P.J.; Turkozan, O.; Taskavak, E. (2017)."Trionyx triunguis".IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.2017: e.T62256A96894956.doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T62256A96894956.en. Retrieved20 February 2022.
^"Appendices | CITES".cites.org. Retrieved2022-01-14.
^^a ^b ^c ^dRhodin, Anders G. J.; Peter Paul van Dijk, John B. Inverson & Bradley H. Shaffer (December 14, 2010)."Turtles of the World 2010 Update: Annotated Checklist of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution and Conservation Status"(PDF). p. 000.128. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on July 17, 2011. RetrievedDecember 15, 2010.
^Fritz, Uwe; Peter Havaš (2007)."Checklist of Chelonians of the World".Vertebrate Zoology.57 (2):322–323.doi:10.3897/vz.57.e30895.
^Gautier, Achilles (2005)."Animal Mummies and Remains from the Necropolis of Elkab (Upper Egypt)".archaeofauna.14:139–170. Retrieved25 December 2023.

External links

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Data related toTrionyx triunguis at Wikispecies
Media related toTrionyx triunguis at Wikimedia Commons

Trionychidae family

Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Chordata
Class:Reptilia
Subclass:Anapsida
Order:Testudines
Superfamily:Trionychia

Genera

Species of theTrionychidae family

Amyda

Apalone

†Axestemys

Chitra

Cyclanorbis

Cycloderma

Dogania

Malayan softshell turtle

†Gilmoremys

†Gilmoremys gettyspherensis
†Gilmoremys lancensis

†Hutchemys

†Khunnuchelys

Lissemys

Nilssonia

†Palaeoamyda

†Palaeoamyda messeliana

Palea

Wattle-necked softshell turtle

Pelochelys

Pelodiscus

Rafetus

Trionyx

Phylogenetic arrangement of turtles based onturtles of the world 2017 update: Annotated checklist and atlas of taxonomy, synonymy, distribution, and conservation status. †=extinct.

Testudines

Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Chordata
Class:Reptilia
Clade:Diapsida
Order:Testudines

Genus

Chelonioidea
(Sea turtles)

Cheloniidae	†Allopleuron Caretta †Carolinochelys Chelonia †Eochelone Eretmochelys †Gigantatypus †Glarichelys †Itilochelys Lepidochelys †Mexichelys †Miocaretta Natator †Pacifichelys †Syllomus †Tasbacka
Dermochelyidae	†Arabemys †Corsochelys †Cosmochelys Dermochelys †Eosphargis †Mesodermochelys †Psephophorus
	†Euclastes †Peritresius †Procolpochelys †Protosphargis †Puppigerus

Kinosternoidea

Dermatemydidae	Dermatemys
Kinosternidae	Claudius †Hoplochelys Kinosternon Staurotypus Sternotherus

Testudinoidea

Emydidae	†Acherontemys Chrysemys Clemmys Deirochelys Emys Actinemys Emydoidea Glyptemys Graptemys Malaclemys Pseudemys Terrapene Trachemys †Wilburemys
Geoemydidae	Batagur †Banhxeochelys Cuora Cyclemys Geoclemys Geoemyda Hardella Heosemys Leucocephalon Malayemys Mauremys Melanochelys Morenia Notochelys Orlitia Pangshura Rhinoclemmys Sacalia Siebenrockiella Vijayachelys
Platysternidae	Platysternon
Testudinidae	Aldabrachelys Astrochelys Centrochelys Chelonoidis Chersina Cylindraspis †Cymatholcus †Floridemys Geochelone Gopherus †Hadrianus †Hesperotestudo Homopus Indotestudo Kinixys Malacochersus Manouria †Megalochelys †Oligopherus Psammobates Pyxis †Solitudo Stigmochelys †Stylemys Testudo

Trionychia

Carettochelyidae	†Allaeochelys †Anosteira Carettochelys
Trionychidae	Amyda Apalone †Axestemys Chitra Cyclanorbis Cycloderma †Drazinderetes Dogania †Gilmoremys †Hutchemys †Khunnuchelys Lissemys Nilssonia Palea †Palaeoamyda Pelochelys Pelodiscus Rafetus Trionyx
	†Basilochelys †Sinaspideretes

Chelydridae	Chelydra †Chelydrops †Chelydropsis †Emarginachelys †Macrocephalochelys Macrochelys †Planiplastron †Protochelydra
†Nanhsiungchelyidae	†Anomalochelys †Basilemys †Jiangxichelys
†Protostegidae	†Alienochelys †Archelon †Atlantochelys †Bouliachelys †Calcarichelys †Cratochelone †Desmatochelys †Iserosaurus †Notochelone †Ocepechelon †Pneumatoarthrus †Protostega †Rhinochelys †Santanachelys †Terlinguachelys
	†Adocus †Argillochelys †Bashuchelys †Ctenochelys †Prionochelys †Toxochelys

Pleurodira

†Araripemydidae	†Araripemys
†Bothremydidae	†Araiochelys †Arenila †Azabbaremys †Bothremys †Cearachelys †Chedighaii †Chupacabrachelys †Eotaphrosphys †Foxemys †Galianemys †Ilatardia †Inaechelys †Itapecuruemys †Jainemys †Kinkonychelys †Kurmademys †Labrostochelys †Nigeremys †Phosphatochelys †Polysternon †Puentemys †Rosasia †Rhothonemys †Sankuchemys †Taphrosphys †Ummulisani †Zolhafah
Chelidae	Acanthochelys Chelodina Chelus Elseya Elusor Emydura Hydromedusa †Lomalatachelys Mesoclemmys Myuchelys Phrynops Platemys †Prochelidella Pseudemydura Rheodytes Rhinemys †Yaminuechelys
Pelomedusidae	Pelomedusa Pelusios
Podocnemididae	†Albertwoodemys †Bauruemys †Brontochelys †Caninemys †Carbonemys †Cerrejonemys †Cordichelys Erymnochelys †Lapparentemys †Latentemys Peltocephalus Podocnemis †Stupendemys
†Sahonachelyidae	†Sahonachelys †Sokatra

	†Caribemys †Caririemys †Tacuarembemys

Phylogenetic arrangement of turtles based onTurtles of the World 2017 Update: Annotated Checklist and Atlas of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution, and Conservation Status. † = extinct.

See alsoList of Testudines families

Taxon identifiers
Trionyx triunguis	Wikidata:Q739984 Wikispecies:Trionyx triunguis ADW:Trionyx BOLD:247017 CoL:58WKP EoL:46559486 EUNIS:8635 GBIF:5960976 iNaturalist:39553 IRMNG:10362529 ISC:117656 ITIS:551876 IUCN:62256 NBN:NHMSYS0000375803 NCBI:101491 Observation.org:81484 OBIS:397354 Open Tree of Life:598954 Paleobiology Database:54273 RD:triunguis SeaLifeBase:67571 Species+:8781 WoRMS:397354