TheTrinitarian formula is the phrase "in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit" (Koine Greek:εἰς τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ Πατρὸς καὶ τοῦ Υἱοῦ καὶ τοῦ Ἁγίου Πνεύματος,romanized: eis to ónoma toû Patros kai toû Huioû kai toû Hagíou Pneúmatos;Latin:in nomine Patris et Filii et Spiritus Sancti), or words to that form and effect, referring to the three persons of theChristianTrinity. It is often followed by an "amen".
The Trinitarian formula is used inbaptism as well as in numerousprayers,rites,liturgies, andsacraments. One of its most common uses apart from baptism is when Roman Catholics, Eastern and Oriental Orthodox, Lutherans, Anglicans, Methodists, and others make thesign of the cross while reciting the formula.
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These words are quoted from a command of the risen Jesus in theGreat Commission: "Go, therefore, and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in[1] the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit" (Matthew 28:19).
The formula is mentioned in theDidache (7:1-3), and it is mostly accepted as authentic due to its supporting manuscript evidence.[2] Nevertheless, some scholars have held the view that the passage is an interpolation as it is absent from the first few centuries of early Christian quotations, in which case it would be part of an apostolic or early Christian oral tradition from which both the received texts of Matthew and the Didache emerged.[3] The view of the passage as an interpolation was in recent times maintained by theJesus Seminar, a nontrinitarian movement active in the 1990s. Critics of the Jesus Seminar described this particular line of argument aseisegesis based on a preconceived conclusion.[4]
According to the doctrines ofRoman Catholicism,Oriental Orthodoxy,Eastern Orthodoxy, and most forms ofProtestantism, such asLutheranism,Calvinism andAnglicanism, abaptism is not valid unless the Trinitarian formula is used in the administration of thatsacrament. Consequently, they may not recognize religious communities that baptize without this formula –e.g.,Unitarians,Branhamists,Frankists,Jehovah's Witnesses, andOneness Pentecostals, all of whom deny the Trinity – as Christian denominations. This is also the case with baptisms withinThe Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS church).[5] Although LDS members baptize with the same Trinitarian formula, they reject theNicene Trinitarian conception and regard the three persons of the Trinity as being distinct personages united not in substance, but in dominion and purpose.[6]
Baptism according to the Trinitiarian formula is seen as being a basis forChristian ecumenism, the concept of working towards the eventual unity of Christians belonging to differentChristian denominations.[7][8]
Baptism into Christ unites all Christians, despite their divisions. It is relationship with Christ through baptism, which enables relationship with other Christians. According to Congar, "on the basis of the baptism which incorporates us into Christ and the Word which is our Christian norm, [ecumenism's] aim is to carry out the will and the prayer of Christ, which is that his disciples should be united." The Christological foundation of Spiritual Ecumenism affirms that ecumenism is not our idea or goal, but rather Christ's will and prayer for us. Moreover, Christian unity already exists to some extent among all baptised Christians because of their relationship with Christ. Only through Christ is ecumenism possible. Kasper explains that Spiritual Ecumenism's fundamental Christological basis means that any ecumenical spirituality "will also be a sacramental spirituality." Baptism is "therefore a basic element of ecumenical spirituality."
