Thrissur തൃശൂർ Trichur, Thrissivaperur | |
|---|---|
  .jpg)     Clockwise from top: Thrissur city,Metharapolitha Cathedral, Cape of Kodungallur,Athirappilly Falls, Clock tower,Sakthan Thampuran Palace,Vadakkunnathan Temple | |
  Thrissur Thrissur (India) Show map of India | |
| Coordinates:10°31′39.4″N76°12′51.8″E / 10.527611°N 76.214389°E /10.527611; 76.214389[2] | |
| Country |  India |
| State | Kerala |
| District | Thrissur |
| Government | |
| • Type | Municipal Corporation |
| • Body | Thrissur Municipal Corporation |
| • Mayor | M. K. Varghese (LDF – Independent) |
| • Deputy mayor | Rajasree Gopan (LDF – CPI(M)) |
| • Police commissioner | R Ilango[1]IPS |
| • Member of Parliament | Suresh Gopi (BJP) |
| Area | |
• City | 101.42 km2 (39.16 sq mi) |
| • Rank | 4th |
| Elevation | 39.58 m (129.86 ft) |
| Population (2011)[4] | |
• City | 315,957 |
| • Density | 3,115/km2 (8,070/sq mi) |
| • Metro | 3,720,000[3] |
| Demonym(s) | Thrissurkaran (male) Thrissurkari (female) Thrissurkar (plural) |
| Languages | |
| • Official | Malayalam,English |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 680xxx |
| Telephone codes | Thrissur: +91487xxxxxxx, Irinjalakuda: +91480xxxxxxx, Wadakkancherry: +914884xxxxxx, Kunnamkulam: +914885xxxxxx |
| Vehicle registration | KL-08 |
| Literacy rate | 97.24% |
| GDDP(2024) | $13.6 Billion[5] |
| Importance | Cultural capital of Kerala |
| Climate | Am/Aw(Köppen) |
| Precipitation | 3,100 millimetres (120 in) |
| Avg. summer temperature | 35 °C (95 °F) |
| Avg. winter temperature | 20 °C (68 °F) |
| Website | https://thrissur.nic.in/ |
Thrissur (Malayalam:[തൃശൂർ-t̪riʃ(ː)uːr]ⓘ),formerlyTrichur, also known by its historical nameThrissivaperur, is a city and the headquarters of theThrissur district inKerala,India. It is thethird largest urban agglomeration in Kerala afterKochi andKozhikode, and the21st largest in India.[6][7] Thrissur is classified as aTier-2 city by theGovernment of India. The city is built around a 65-acre (26 ha) hillock calledThekkinkadu Maidanam (തേക്കിൻകാട് മൈതാനം) which seats theVadakkumnathan (വടക്കുംനാഥൻ) temple. It is located 304 kilometres (189 mi) north-west of the state's capital city,Thiruvananthapuram(തിരുവനന്തപുരം). Thrissur was once the capital of theKingdom of Cochin (കൊച്ചി രാജ്യം - kochi rājyam),[8] and was a point of contact for theAssyrians,Greeks,Persians,Arabs,Romans,Portuguese,Dutch andEnglish.
Thrissur is known as City of Celebrations and also called the cultural capital of Kerala because of its cultural, spiritual and religious leanings throughout history[9].[10] The city centre contains theKerala Sangeetha Nadaka Academy,Kerala Lalithakala Akademi andKerala Sahitya Academy.[11] The city hosts theThrissur Pooram festival, the most colourful and spectacular temple festival in Kerala.[12][13] The festival is held at the Thekkinkadu Maidan ofVadakumnathan Temple in April or May, in the Malayalam month 'medam'.[10]
Religion is important and varied in Thrissur. The city has historically been a centre of Hindu scholarship, andChristianity,Islam andJudaism are believed to have entered theIndian subcontinent through Thrissur and its surrounding areas. Thrissur has a large number of well-known temples including theVadakkumnathan temple,Thiruvambadi Sri Krishna Temple, andParamekkavu temple. There are three major Catholic churches, theSt. Antony's Syro-Malabar Catholic Forane,Our Lady of Lourdes Syro-Malabar Catholic Metropolitan Cathedral andOur Lady of Dolours Syro-Malabar Catholic Basilica, the largest Christian church in India.[14][15] Thrissur is home to theAcademy of Sharia and Advanced Studies an Islamic institute that is unusual in that it teachesSanskrit and aspart of the Sanskrit syllabus it includes study of several key Hindu texts.[16][17][18][19][20][21]
The city is the headquarters of four majorscheduled banks,South Indian Bank Ltd,Catholic Syrian Bank,Dhanalakshmi Bank andESAF Small Finance Bank[22] as well as severalchit funds.[23] The city is also a big centre for silks and gold jewellery. Thrissur attracts the largest number of domestictourists in Kerala.[24]
Thrissur is also a major academic hub and is home to several educational institutions, including theKerala Kalamandalam,Kerala Agricultural University,Kerala University of Health Sciences,College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences,Sree Kerala Varma College,St Thomas College,Jawahar Bal Bhavan Thrissur, Kerala Institute of Local Administration,Kerala Forest Research Institute,Kerala Police Academy,Police Dog Training Centre,Kerala Fire and Rescue Services Academy,Excise Academy and Research Centre,Government College Of Music And Performing Arts,Government College of Fine Arts,Government Law College,Government Engineering College,Government Medical College and Vaidyaratnam Ayurveda College.[25][26][27]UNESCO has included Thrissur in its Global Network of Learning Cities (GNLC) in recognition of the city's outstanding efforts to make lifelong learning a reality for all at the local level.[28]
The name Thrissur (Malayalam: തൃശ്ശൂർ) is a shortened form of the Malayalam wordThirusshivaperoor (meaning: Place of Lord Shiva's Name).[29] The name owes itself to the most prominent feature of the city, which is theVadakkumnathan Temple, which hasShiva as its presiding deity.[30] Thrissur was officially known by its anglicized name Trichur until 1990 when the government decided to replace it with its real Malayalam name.[31]Thrissur was also known as "Vrishabhadripuram" (Kailasam of the South) in ancient days.[32]
The presence of numerous prehistoricmegaliths anddolmens indicates that Thrissur has been occupied from at least 1000 BCE to 500 CE.[33][34]
ThePortuguese had naval influence in many parts ofKerala in the 16th century, including Thrissur. At the beginning of the 17th century, the Portuguese naval power was reduced andDutch became the main naval power. With the help of the Dutch, the royal family of theKingdom of Cochin recaptured Thrissur from theZamorin of Calicut in 1710.[35]
Thrissur rose to importance after MaharajaSakthan Thampuran ascended the throne of the Kingdom of Cochin (1769–1805) and made Thrissur his capital. The Maharaja made the city into a major financial and commercial hub ofSouth India, by invitingSyrian Christian families andBrahmins from adjoining areas.[35]
During 1750–60Hyder Ali, the Sultan of the powerfulKingdom of Mysore, conquered Thrissur, making it a tributary of Mysore. In 1786, the son ofTipu Sultan of Mysore led another invasion of Thrissur but retreated after the Srirangapattanam war.[36] In the meantime,Rama Varma X, the successor of Sakthan Thampuran signed a treaty with theEast India Company, transforming the state ofCochin into a British Protectorate.[citation needed]
TheIndian independence movement gained momentum after a Committee was formed at the 1919 meeting of theIndian National Congress. The civil disobedience movement attracted many people in Thrissur in subsequent years, andMahatma Gandhi visited the city in 1927 and 1934 to promote it.[37][38]
R. K. Shanmukham Chetty, the controversialDiwan of Cochin Kingdom from 1935 to 1941, developed the city by constructingThrissur Town Hall andRamanilayam, buildings which remain important in Kerala politics. Other important civic buildings and infrastructure constructed around this time include theMunicipal Corporation Building of Thrissur and theSwaraj Round.[39][40]
In 1947, when India gainedindependence from colonial rule, Thrissur was part of the Kingdom of Cochin.Thrissur district was formed on 1 July 1949, with the headquarters at the city of Thrissur.
Thrissur is the headquarters ofThrissur district, in the center of the Indian state of Kerala. The city is 75 km north-east ofKochi, 133 km south-west ofCoimbatore, 124 km south-east ofKozhikode and 151 km north ofChanganacherry.[41] The city is located in a hillock calledThekkinkadu Maidan which is the second highest point in the city after theVilangan Hills. The city has an average altitude of 2.83 meters above sea level.[41]
From the hillock, the city gradually flattens into theThrissur-Ponnani Kole Wetlands, which act as natural drainage for the city. The water from the wetlands flows via rivers into theLaccadive Sea, keeping Thrissur city safe from the major flooding that affects most other cities in Kerala.[42][43][44][45]
The city is located in the midland region of Kerala, with an extended part of the Palakkad plains.[46] The city geologically is composed of Archaean gneisses and crystalline schists. Major parts of the city are covered byArchaean rocks.[47] The city lies near the center of the Indian tectonic plate (the Indian Plate) and is subject to comparatively littleseismic orvolcanic activity.
Under theKöppen climate classification, the City of Thrissur features atropical monsoon climate (Am). Summer lasts from March to May which is the hottest time of the year. Summer months are uncomfortable due to higher levels of heat and humidity. Daytime temperatures can rise up to 36 to 38 °C (96.8 to 100.4 °F) coupled with excessive humidity. Summer is followed by thesouthwest monsoon from June to September. October and November form the post-monsoon or retreating monsoon season. Winter from December through February is cooler, and windy, due to winds from theWestern Ghats. Winter months are generally dry and less humid compared to other months of the year. Morning temperatures are usually cool and daytime temperatures hover around 30 °C or 86 °F.[48]
The city is drenched in the monsoonal season by heavy showers. The average annual rainfall is approximately 3,100 millimetres or 122 inches. The South-west monsoon generally sets in during the last week of May. After July the rainfall decreases. On average, there are 124 rainy days in a year. The maximum average temperature of the city in the summer season is 36 °C or 96.8 °F while the minimum temperature recorded is 27 °C or 80.6 °F. The winter season records a maximum average of 31 °C or 87.8 °F and a minimum average of 20 °C or 68 °F.[48]
| Climate data for Thrissur (Vellanikkara) 1991–2020 | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 35.9 (96.6) | 39.7 (103.5) | 40.4 (104.7) | 39.9 (103.8) | 38.3 (100.9) | 36.2 (97.2) | 33.0 (91.4) | 33.3 (91.9) | 35.3 (95.5) | 35.4 (95.7) | 34.9 (94.8) | 35.5 (95.9) | 40.4 (104.7) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 33.1 (91.6) | 34.8 (94.6) | 35.7 (96.3) | 34.9 (94.8) | 33.3 (91.9) | 30.2 (86.4) | 29.5 (85.1) | 29.8 (85.6) | 30.6 (87.1) | 31.5 (88.7) | 32.0 (89.6) | 32.0 (89.6) | 32.2 (90.0) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 22.2 (72.0) | 22.7 (72.9) | 24.4 (75.9) | 25.1 (77.2) | 24.7 (76.5) | 23.6 (74.5) | 23.0 (73.4) | 23.1 (73.6) | 23.0 (73.4) | 22.9 (73.2) | 22.9 (73.2) | 22.5 (72.5) | 23.3 (73.9) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 16.5 (61.7) | 16.9 (62.4) | 18.9 (66.0) | 19.9 (67.8) | 20.2 (68.4) | 19.6 (67.3) | 18.5 (65.3) | 19.6 (67.3) | 20.3 (68.5) | 18.0 (64.4) | 16.9 (62.4) | 16.6 (61.9) | 16.5 (61.7) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 0.4 (0.02) | 19.0 (0.75) | 27.8 (1.09) | 60.1 (2.37) | 214.3 (8.44) | 615.8 (24.24) | 596.6 (23.49) | 484.4 (19.07) | 320.6 (12.62) | 289.7 (11.41) | 95.9 (3.78) | 8.4 (0.33) | 2,732.9 (107.59) |
| Average rainy days | 0.1 | 0.7 | 1.7 | 3.8 | 8.3 | 22.0 | 23.6 | 18.3 | 13.8 | 12.0 | 4.8 | 0.8 | 109.9 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%)(at 17:30IST) | 46 | 47 | 59 | 66 | 71 | 82 | 82 | 80 | 78 | 77 | 70 | 57 | 68 |
| Source:India Meteorological Department[49] | |||||||||||||
Thrissur is home to many Malayaliee entrepreneurs[50] and is a major financial and commercial hub of Kerala.[51] Historians say that King Sakthan Thampuran invitedSyrian Christian families andBrahmins to settle in Thrissur city from their business centers in adjoining areas. Soon, Thrissur became a flourishing centre of internal trade in Kerala. Thrissur is one of the major manufacturing centers of plain gold androlled gold jewellery in South India; up to 70% of Kerala's jewellery is manufactured in Thrissur. There are around 3,000 gold ornaments manufacturing units in the city and 40,000-odd artisans and others work in these units.[52][53] The industry provides direct and indirect employment to 200,000 people in Thrissur.[54][55] The artisans based in these units craft nearly 85 percent of one tonne gold which is used per day in Kerala. About 90 tonnes of gold was being used annually in Kerala for manufacturing of ornaments daily.
According to theReserve Bank of India, Thrissur has been regarded as a banking town since the 1930s, when 58 banks were headquartered in the city. In the present, the city remains a significant center for banking and finance, with the headquarters of major banks likeSouth Indian Bank,Catholic Syrian Bank,Dhanalakshmi Bank, and other financial institutions likeManappuram General Finance and Leasing,Kerala State Financial Enterprise andESAF Small Finance Bank.[56][57][58] Manychit funds, a type of Indian savings and credit system, are located in Thrissur. In 2010, an estimated 3,000 chit fund companies were located in Thrissur, employing approximately 35,000 people.[59][60]
The city is a hub for theAyurvedic drug-manufacturing industry. Out of the 850 ayurvedic drug-manufacturing companies in Kerala, about 150, including some of the largest in the state likeOushadhi,Vaidyaratnam Oushadhasala,KP Namboodiris, are located in and around the city.[61]Thrissur Ayurveda Cluster, another initiative by a group of Ayurvedic manufacturers of Thrissur, has developed a cluster in KINFRA Park inKoratty in Thrissur District.[62][63][64][65]
Retail businesses in Thrissur includeKalyan Group,Jos Alukka & Sons,Joyalukkas and Josco Group.[66]InfoPark Thrissur, the fourth technology park in Kerala, is situated in Thrissur District.[67][68][69] Tourism has also contributed heavily to the economy of Thrissur. Domestic tourists generally use the city as a hub to explore the highly promoted tourism industry of the state of Kerala. The city with its temples, old churches and its culture, is ranked first in the number of domestic tourists visiting Kerala.[24]
| Municipal Corporation Officials | ||
|---|---|---|
| Mayor | M K Varghese | |
| Police Commissioner | R Adithya IPS | |
| Deputy mayor | Rajashree Gopan | |
| Members of Legislative Assembly | ||
| Thrissur Assembly Constituency | P. Balachandran | |
| Ollur Assembly Constituency | K. Rajan (politician) | |
| Member of Parliament | ||
| Thrissur Lok Sabha constituency | Suresh Gopi | |
Thrissur has functioned as a municipality since 1921 under the Cochin Municipal Regulations.[70][71] In 1932, the new corporation building was constructed, and in 1972, several village councils orpanchayats were added to the municipality.[70] On 1 October 2000, the municipal town was upgraded to amunicipal corporation and took over the towns and villages ofAyyanthole, Koorkkenchery,Nadathara, Vilvattom (part),Ollur andOllukkara.
The city is administered by theThrissur Municipal Corporation, headed by a mayor and comprising three legislative assemblies Thrissur, Ollur andCherpu.[72] For administrative purposes, the city is divided into 52 wards, from which the members of the corporation council are elected for five years.
It is the second-largest city corporation in the state of Kerala in India. The corporation, headquartered in the city of Thrissur proper, directly controls power, water supply and solid waste management system in the city.[70][73] TheThrissur Urban Development Authority and Town and Country Planning Department (TCPD) are the agencies that prepare development plan for the city.[74][75][76][77]
The city is the headquarters ofThrissur City Police and Thrissur Rural Police. The Thrissur City Police is headed by a Police Commissioner, anIndian Police Service (IPS) officer. The city is divided into four sub divisions, Thrissur,Kunnamkulam,Ollur andGuruvayur. It also operates 24 police stations, including a woman police station and a traffic police station.[78][79][80]
The Thrissur City Police Commissionerate operates out of the erst-while District Armed Police headquarters atRamavarmapuram. The Thrissur Rural Police has its headquarters at the District Collectorate complex at Ayyanthole. The city is also the headquarters of theInspector General of Police, Thrissur Range, which looks after the law and order of Thrissur District,Palakkad District andMalappuram District. All theSuperintendent of Police of these three districts come under his jurisdiction. The city also contains the Kerala Police Academy,[81]Central Prison, Viyyur,[82]Police Dog Training Centre andExcise Academy and Research Centre.Indian Reserve Battalion, the new commando unit ofKerala Police is headquartered in Ramavarmapuram.[83]Border Security Force (148 battalion) have its first center in Kerala in Thrissur only.[84][85]
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1941 | 57,500 | — |
| 1951 | 69,500 | +20.9% |
| 1961 | 73,000 | +5.0% |
| 1971 | 76,200 | +4.4% |
| 1981 | 77,900 | +2.2% |
| 1991 | 74,600 | −4.2% |
| 2001 | 317,526 | +325.6% |
| 2011 | 315,957 | −0.5% |
| Source:[86] | ||
| Religions in Thrissur city (2011)[87] | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Religion | Percent | |||
| Hinduism | 54.20% | |||
| Christianity | 40.04% | |||
| Islam | 5.50% | |||
| Other or not stated | 0.26% | |||
As of 2011[update] India census, Thrissur city had a population of 315,957.[86] Males constitute 48.2% and females constitute 51.8% of the total population numbering 152,296 and 163,661 respectively.[86] The density of population is 3,130/km2. The sex ratio is 1,092/1,000 male. The total number of the households in the city is 66,827. The average family size in the city is 4.27 members. The city has a slum population equivalent to 0.30% of the total city population and 0.37% of the Kerala's slum population. The city has an average literacy rate of 95.96%: male literacy rate is 97.37% whereas female literacy rate is 94.72%.[88]
Hindus constitute the majority with 54.20% of the population. Christians constitute 40.04% of the population and Muslims constitute 5.50% of the population in Thrissur city. In Thrissur district Hindu population is 58.42% and Muslim population is 17.07% and Christian population is 24.27%.[87]
By language, 97.76% of the population speaksMalayalam and 1.35%Tamil as their first language.[89]
Thrissur has played a significant part in the political history of South India. Thrissur City administration is carried out by Municipal Corporation of Thrissur.MK.Varghese (LDF) is the Mayor of Thrissur Municipal Corporation. The city of Thrissur is represented in theKerala State Assembly by two elected members, one fromThrissur Assembly Constituency and another fromOllur Assembly Constituency. As of 2021[update],P. Balachandran is the representative of Thrissur Assembly Constituency andK. Rajan from Ollur Assembly Constituency.
Thrissur city is also a part of theThrissur Lok Sabha constituency and elects a member to the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Parliament of India, once every five years. The currentMP isSuresh Gopi of theBharatiya Janata Party.[90] TheLok Sabha seat has primarily been held by the Indian National Congress (seven terms since 1951) and theCommunist Party of India (ten terms since 1957).
Thrissur is known as the Cultural Capital of Kerala, the city enjoys a thriving cultural tradition dating back to centuries.Thrissur Pooram, the largestpooram in Kerala, is sometimes referred to as 'the pooram of all poorams'. It is celebrated every year in the month ofMedam (mid-April to mid-may) as per theMalayalam calendar. For thirty-six hours, the city plays host to a large gathering of people and elephants.[91][92][93][94]
Puli Kali, also known asKavakali, is another festival, which attracts thousands of people to the city. It is performed by trained artists to entertain people on the occasion ofOnam, an annual harvest festival, celebrated mainly in Kerala.[95][96]Buon Natale is the cultural festival conducting atSwaraj Round withChristmas celebration.Buon Natale procession entered theGuinness World Records in 2014 for having the maximum number of people dressed up asSanta Claus. Other important festivals celebrated in the city includeChristmas,Onam,Diwali,Easter,Eid andVishu.
Elephants play a major part in many of the city's festivals.[97][98]Aanayoottu (feeding of elephants), held inVadakkunnathan Temple in the City annually, is the world's largest elephant feeding ceremony. The ceremony is conducted on the first day of the Malayalam month of Karkidakam.[99][100][101]
Literary lineage of city dates back to early history of Kerala but it came to prominence after Kerala Government set upKerala Lalita Kala Akademi,Kerala Sahitya Academy,Kerala Sangeetha Nadaka Academy andCollege of Fine Arts, Thrissur for promoting literature, music and arts in Kerala. After theIndian Independence, Thrissur became theliterary capital of Kerala as turned to the playground of novelist, poets and orators. In 1952 when Current Books set its first shop in Thrissur by former education Minister ProfessorJoseph Mundassery, it become the abode of writer's likeO. V. Vijayan,Kovilan,V. K. N.,Uroob,Edasseri Govindan Nair,M. T. Vasudevan Nair,K. G. Sankara Pillai andSarah Joseph. The area was later known asCurrent Moola ("Current Corner").[102] The building that housed the Current Books bookshop was demolished in 2011.[103]
Thrissur is home to prominentMalayalam literary figures likeKovilan,Kunhunni Mash,Sukumar Azhikode,K. Satchidanandan,Mullanezhi,Sarah Joseph,Attoor Ravi Varma,Lalitha Lenin,P. Bhaskaran,Joseph Mundassery.[104]
TheVadakkunnathan temple, believed to have been founded by the legendary saintParasurama, is an example of the Kerala style of architecture and houses several sacred shrines and murals delineating graphically, various episodes from theMahabharata.Thiruvambadi Sri Krishna Temple, one of the largestSree Krishna temples in Kerala andParamekkavu Bagavathi Temple which is one of the largestBagavathi temples in Kerala is also situated in the city. Aykunnu Pandavagiri Devi Temple is situated at Venginisseri village, that around 9 km from city center.Sree Guruvayurappan Temple is located inGuruvayur (28 km from Thrissur); it is also referred to asBhuloka Vaikunta which means "Holy Abode of Vishnu on Earth".
Asia's tallest church, theOur Lady of Dolours Syro-Malabar Catholic Basilica (Puthan Pally),Our Lady of Lourdes Syro-Malabar Catholic Metropolitan Cathedral which has an underground shrine,Saint Antony's Syro-Malabar Church, Ollur which has been called asChinna Roma (Small Rome) are masterpieces of architecture and indigenous paintings.Saint Euphrasia's tomb and museum also situated in the city.St. Thomas Syro-Malabar Church, Palayur (28 km from Thrissur) is the first church in India, andThomas the Apostle performed the first baptism in India here.
The Chettiyangadi Hanafi Mosque in Thrissur City is one of the oldest mosque in Thrissur.Cheraman Juma Mosque inKodungallur, (40 km from Thrissur) is the first mosque in India.
The cuisine of Thrissur is linked to its history, geography, demography and culture. Rice is the staple food.Achappam,Kuzhalappam,Vatteppam,Unniyappam andPazham Pori are common snacks.Vellayappam, a kind ofrice hopper is another dish which is special to the city, they have a food street namedvellayappam angadi.
Thrissur, which has been a centre of learning from ancient times, is developing as a modern education hub.[105][106] Schools in city are either run publicly by the Kerala Government or privately, some with financial aid from the Government. Education is generally conducted in English orMalayalam, with the former being the majority. Most schools are affiliated with theKerala State Education Board orIndian Certificate of Secondary Education (ICSE) or theCentral Board for Secondary Education (CBSE) or theNational Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS) or the Montessori system.[107][108] There are 93 lower primary schools; 34 upper primary schools;[109][110] and 78 high schools;[111] and 157[112] higher secondary schools in the city.Church Mission Society School started in 1845 is the oldest school andSt. Thomas College is the first college in Thrissur. On 2nd September 2022, Thrissur joined theUNESCO Global Network of Learning Cities (GNLC).[113]
The city serves as a centre for healthcare in Central Kerala, with people fromThrissur District,Palakkad District,Malappuram District and the northern part ofErnakulam District coming to Thrissur for medical care. There are three medical colleges in the city:Government Medical College, Thrissur,Amala Institute of Medical Sciences, andJubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute. TheVaidyaratnam Ayurveda Medical College also situated in city.
Football is the most popular sport in the city, and there are two football stadiums in the city,Thrissur Municipal Corporation Stadium and Thope Stadium.The largest and highest temporary stadium in the world as perGuinness Book of World Records was built in the Thrissur Corporation Ground in 1990 for the occasion ofFederation Cup football tournament, which was designed by Er. TJ Antony. International ballers and former Indian captainsC. V. Pappachan,I. M. Vijayan andJo Paul Ancheri, and the Under 17 World Cup playerK. P. Rahul belongs to Thrissur. TheN.I. David Memorial Trophy, an annual inter-club football tournament is held in Thrissur every year. The football championship was started in 1996 by the Superintendent of Police, Thrissur.[114][115][116][117][118] The city has a floodlit stadium, known asThrissur Municipal Corporation Stadium.[119] It also has two indoor stadiums,V.K.N. Menon Indoor Stadium and aSAI maintainedThrissur Aquatic Complex with international facilities. Thrissur has contributed many national and international bodybuilding stars toIndia.[119] Chess prodigyNihal Sarin is from Thrissur.
The firstMalayalam newspaper which published from Thrissur wasLokamanyan in 1920. Then cameDeenabandhu edited byV. R. Krishnan Ezhuthachan.Ezhuthachan started publishing as a weekly in 1941 from Thrissur. It was one of the first periodicals that supported the national movement. As soon as theQuit India movement was started, its editor and staff were sent to jail and publications were banned.[120] LaterLokamanyan (1920);Kerala Chintamani (1905);Kerala Kesari (1924);Mahatma (1930);Gomathy (1930) andNavajeevan ofJoseph Mundassery was also published from Thrissur.[121][122][123]The Express started in 1944 from Thrissur with K Krishanan as the editor is known in Central Kerala for its nationalist and socialist views.[120] Major Malayalam newspapers published in Thrissur includeMalayala Manorama,Mathrubhumi,Madhyamam,Deepika,Kerala Kaumudi,Deshabhimani,Mangalam,Veekshanam,Metro Vaartha andJanayugom. A number of evening papers, likeGeneral in Malayalam andCity Journal in English, are also published from the city. Newspapers in other regional languages likeHindi,Kannada,Tamil andTelugu are also available in city.
The first cinema hall in Kerala, with a manually operated film projector, was opened in Thrissur byJose Kattookkaran in 1907. In 1913, the first electrically operated film projector was established in city again byJose Kattookkaran and was called theJose Electrical Bioscope now known asJose Theatre.[124][125][126]
A film festival, known asViBGYOR Film Festival, is held in the city every year. It is an international short and documentary film festival. Telephony services are provided by various players likeAircel,Airtel,Idea cellular,Vodafone,Reliance Infocomm,Tata Docomo,MTS,Uninor,Tata Indicom and the state ownedBSNL. BSNL is also offering 3G services in Thrissur.[127] The city also has Broadband wireless services onWiMAX platform.[128][129]
Private FM radio stations in the Thrissur areClub FM 104.8 MHz,Radio Mango 91.9 MHz,[130]Best FM 95 MHz by (Asianet Communications Limited),Red FM 91.1 MHz.[131]All India Radio has an AM (630 kHz) and an FM (101.1 MHz) station for the city.[132] The transmitter of theAll India Radio (630 kHz) was commissioned on 4 November 1956. The station started independent broadcasting in 1974.[133][134] Thrissur has aDoordarshan studio with a low power transmitter located near the studio.[135][136][137]
The city is connected to theNorth-South CorridorNational Highway (India) via the four-laneNational Highway 544, previously NH 47.[138] The highway traverses through the entire length and breadth of the city from different points and provides access to the nearby cities such ofKochi,Palakkad andCoimbatore.NH 544 provides two main exit points atMannuthy andThalore which is bypass to the Thrissur city.
The city is largely dependent on private buses, taxis andauto rickshaws for public transport. A transit terminal was announced forPuzhakkal in 2013.[139] Land was transferred to the Thissur Mobility Hub Society on a 99-year lease in 2015.[140]
State-ownedKerala State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC) runs inter-state, inter-district and city services. Thrissur has three bus stations, theShaktan Thampuran Private Bus Stand, Thrissur inSakthan Thampuran Nagar, Vadakke Stand (Northern Bus Stand) and theThrissur KSRTC Bus Station near theThrissur railway station.State Highway (SH 69) Thrissur-Kuttippuram Road,SH 22Kodungallur –Shornur Road,SH 75 Thrissur – Kanjani –Vadanappally Road are the three state highways which connect city with its suburbs and municipalities.
TheSouthern Railway zone of theIndian Railways operates the main rail transport system in Thrissur. There are four railway stations in Thrissur city.Thrissur railway station, one of the four A+ railway station in Kerala provides trains to three directions and lies on the busyShoranur–Cochin Harbour section.It has a satellite station,Punkunnam railway station[141] and two minor stations,Ollur railway station andMulankunnathukavu railway station. Thrissur railway station also connects to the temple town ofGuruvayur byGuruvayur–Thrissur spur line. In addition, Southern Railway is running a suburban railway system connecting Thrissur toKochi andPalakkad using Mainline Electrical Multiple Unit services (MEMU).[142][143][144]
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