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Tributaries of the River Thames

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article lists thetributaries of theRiver Thames from the sea tothe source, inEngland. There are also secondary lists ofbackwaters of the river itself and thewaterways branching off.

Note: theRiver Medway shares the saline lowerThames Estuary.

Tributaries

[edit]
NameConfluenceAverage
discharge
(m3/s)[1]
SourceLengthTributariesCatchmentNotes
Ebbsfleet RiverNorthfleet
51°27′01″N0°19′47″E / 51.4503°N 0.3296°E /51.4503; 0.3296 (Northfleet)
Springhead, just S. of theA2 road atSouthfleet2.4 miles (3.9 km)Approx. 10 miles due west ofLondon Stone atgrid referenceTQ860786
MardykePurfleet
51°29′08″N0°13′40″E / 51.4856°N 0.2278°E /51.4856; 0.2278 (Mardyke)
0.48Holden's Wood betweenGreat Warley andLittle Warley[2]11 miles (18 km)35 square miles (91 km2)
DarentRiver DarentDartford
51°28′49″N0°13′03″E / 51.4802°N 0.2176°E /51.4802; 0.2176 (River Darent)
0.72Westerham21 miles (34 km)River Cray154 square miles (400 km2)[3]Tidal reach:Dartford Creek
IngrebourneRiver Ingrebourne or IngrebourneRainham, London
51°30′27″N0°10′24″E / 51.5075°N 0.1733°E /51.5075; 0.1733 (River Ingrebourne)
0.33Brentwood27 miles (43 km)Tidal reach: Rainham Creek
BeamRiver Beam and/orRom and Bourne BrookDagenham
51°30′42″N0°09′31″E / 51.5118°N 0.1587°E /51.5118; 0.1587 (River Beam)
0.34Stapleford Abbotts Golf Club,Watton's Green13 miles (21 km)The RavensbourneRom upstream of inflow of Ravensbourne
BeamWogebourneCrossness,Thamesmead
51°30′45″N0°07′27″E / 51.5125°N 0.12417°E /51.5125; 0.12417 (Wogebourne)
Oxleas Wood,Shooter's Hill5 miles (8.0 km)
RodingRiver RodingCreekmouth
51°30′52″N0°05′55″E / 51.5145°N 0.0987°E /51.5145; 0.0987 (River Roding)
1.85Molehill Green, nearDunmow31 miles (50 km)[4]Cripsey Brook
Cran Brook
Alders Brook
Seven Kings Water
Mayes Brook
132 square miles (340 km2)[5]Tidal reach:Barking Creek
Lea00River LeaLeamouth
51°30′26″N0°00′33″E / 51.5071°N 0.0092°E /51.5071; 0.0092 (River Lea)
5.48Leagrave42 miles (68 km)The Hackney Brook
River Moselle
Pymmes Brook
River Ching
Turkey Brook
River Stort
River Beane
River Mimram
550 square miles (1,400 km2)[5]Tidal reach:Bow Creek
RavensbourneRiver Ravensbourne or RavensbourneDeptford
51°29′01″N0°01′07″W / 51.4835°N 0.0185°W /51.4835; -0.0185 (River Ravensbourne)
0.43Keston11 miles (18 km)Spring Brook
River Pool
River Quaggy
69 square miles (180 km2)Tidal reach: Deptford Creek
NeckingerRiver Neckinger or the Neckinger ChannelShad Thames
51°30′09″N0°04′15″W / 51.5024°N 0.0708°W /51.5024; -0.0708 (River Neckinger)
northSouthwark0.8 miles (1.3 km) (about; longer old catchment drains to other surface and combined water conduits)Mainly diverted to surface and combined sewer drains
WalRiver Walbrook or WalbrookWalbrook Wharf, just west ofCannon Street railway station.
51°30′34″N0°05′34″W / 51.5094°N 0.0928°W /51.5094; -0.0928 (River Walbrook)
north walls ofCity of London (trad.)0 miles (0 km)Diverted to surface and combined sewer drains
FleetRiver Fleet or Fleet streamBazelgette's Mid and Lower Northern Interceptor Sewers (previously a stream/field ditch ending atBlackfriars, London)
51°30′39″N0°06′17″W / 51.5108°N 0.1048°W /51.5108; -0.1048 (River Fleet)
Hampstead Heath1 mile (1.6 km) (as to connecting lengths of ponds)Lamb's Conduit,Fagswell BrookDiverted to surface and combined sewer drains. Was also known as the Holbourne/Holborn
EffraRiver EffraVauxhall
51°29′14″N0°07′33″W / 51.4873°N 0.1258°W /51.4873; -0.1258 (River Effra)
west and east limits ofGypsy Hill, London0 miles (0 km)Diverted to surface and combined sewer drains
TyburnRiver Tyburn, the Tyburn or the Ty Bournenorth and south ofVauxhall Bridge, and small forked mouth around Horseguards Avenue, Westminster (4 mouths)
51°29′17″N0°07′43″W / 51.4880°N 0.1287°W /51.4880; -0.1287 (Tyburn)
South Hampstead0 miles (0 km)Diverted to surface and combined sewer drains
FalconbrookBattersea
51°28′05″N0°10′51″W / 51.4680°N 0.1808°W /51.4680; -0.1808 (Falconbrook)
Tooting Graveney Common, Tooting and east end of Poynder's Road, Clapham[6][7]0 miles (0 km)Diverted to surface and combined sewer drains
WestbourneRiver WestbourneChelsea
51°29′06″N0°09′13″W / 51.4850°N 0.1537°W /51.4850; -0.1537 (River Westbourne)
Grange Gardens, Hampstead,West Hampstead and two sources in eastWillesden (today'sBrondesbury Park)0 miles (0 km)Tyburn BrookDiverted to surface and combined sewer drains
Counter's CreekwestChelsea/east Fulham
51°28′40″N0°10′46″W / 51.4778°N 0.1794°W /51.4778; -0.1794 (Counter's Creek)
Kensal Green0 miles (0 km)Diverted to surface and combined sewer drains
WandleRiver WandleWandsworth
51°27′46″N0°11′43″W / 51.4629°N 0.1952°W /51.4629; -0.1952 (River Wandle)
1.7Waddon9 miles (14 km)River Graveney78 square miles (200 km2)[5]
Beverley BrookPutney
51°28′18″N0°13′22″W / 51.4718°N 0.2229°W /51.4718; -0.2229 (Beverley Brook)
Worcester Park9 miles (14 km)[5]Pyl Brook25 square miles (65 km2)[5]
Stamford BrookHammersmith
51°29′25″N0°14′03″W / 51.4903°N 0.2341°W /51.4903; -0.2341 (Stamford Brook)
Acton0 miles (0 km)Diverted to surface and combined sewer drains – old tidal mouth:Hammersmith Creek
Bollo or Bollar BrookChiswick
51°28′46″N0°15′04″W / 51.4794°N 0.2512°W /51.4794; -0.2512 (Bollo Brook)
Acton0 miles (0 km)Diverted to surface and combined sewer drains
BrentRiver BrentBrentford
51°28′59″N0°18′00″W / 51.4830°N 0.3000°W /51.4830; -0.3000 (River Brent)
1.32Barnet18 miles (29 km)Dollis Brook
Folly Brook
Mutton Brook
58 square miles (150 km2)[5]
Duke of Northumberland's River (west) and (east)Isleworth
51°28′13″N0°19′16″W / 51.4704°N 0.3212°W /51.4704; -0.3212 (Duke of Northumberland's River)
River Crane & River Colne9.3 miles (15.0 km) (includes eastern 2.5 miles)Artificial distributary of the Colne and Crane
CraneRiver CraneIsleworth
51°27′55″N0°19′17″W / 51.4654°N 0.3215°W /51.4654; -0.3215 (River Crane)
0.54Hayes, Hillingdon9 miles (14 km)Yeading Brook42 square miles (110 km2)[5]
SudbrookPetersham
51°26′55″N0°18′21″W / 51.4487°N 0.3058°W /51.4487; -0.3058 (Sudbrook (stream))
Dann's Pond,Richmond Park2 miles (3.2 km)Latchmere StreamCulverted
Hogsmill RiverKingston upon Thames
51°24′33″N0°18′31″W / 51.4093°N 0.3085°W /51.4093; -0.3085 (Hogsmill River)
0.98Ewell6 miles (9.7 km)Bonesgate Stream28 square miles (73 km2)
RytheThe RytheThames Ditton
51°23′28″N0°19′34″W / 51.3911°N 0.3260°W /51.3911; -0.3260 (The Rythe)
northOxshott4.2 miles (6.8 km)
MoleRiver MoleMolesey
51°24′04″N0°20′21″W / 51.4012°N 0.3393°W /51.4012; -0.3393 (River Mole)
5.43Rusper50 miles (80 km)Ifield Brook
Gatwick Stream
Earlswood Brook
Pipp Brook
The Rye
198 square miles (510 km2)
Longford RiverHampton Court Palace
51°24′05″N0°20′18″W / 51.4013°N 0.3383°W /51.4013; -0.3383 (Longford River)
River Colne12 miles (19 km)Artificial distributary of the Colne
AshRiver Ashsouthwest corner ofSunbury-on-Thames
51°23′52″N0°25′02″W / 51.3977°N 0.4173°W /51.3977; -0.4173 (River Ash)
River Colne6.2 miles (10.0 km)[8]Distributary of the Colne
WeyRiver Wey (and Caker Stream)Weybridge
51°22′49″N0°27′25″W / 51.3804°N 0.4570°W /51.3804; -0.4570 (River Wey)
6.95Hartley Mauditt andUpper Farringdon, Hampshire (main, north or west branch);
parishes ofFernhurst/Lurgashall inSouth Downs National Park (south branch)
53 miles (85 km)River Ock, Surrey
Cranleigh Waters
River Tillingbourne
Hoe Stream (fed by the Hodge Brook and Stanford Brook)
Of south branch:
River Slea, Hampshire
Dead Water
Cooper's Stream
350 square miles (910 km2)Source of south branch about 52 miles to/from mouth.
BourneRiver Bourne, ChertseyWeybridge
51°22′43″N0°27′50″W / 51.3785°N 0.4638°W /51.3785; -0.4638 (River Bourne)
Windsor Great Park,Ascot and Swinley Forest13.2 miles (21.2 km)River Bourne, Addlestone
ColneRiver ColneStaines
51°25′58″N0°30′55″W / 51.4329°N 0.5152°W /51.4329; -0.5152 (River Colne)
4.05 (before all distributaries)North Mymms36 miles (58 km)River Pinn
River Misbourne
River Chess
River Gade
River Ver
Colne BrookHythe End, Wraysbury
51°26′16″N0°32′07″W / 51.4379°N 0.5352°W /51.4379; -0.5352 (Colne Brook)
River Colne9.2 miles (14.8 km)Distributary of the Colne
CutThe CutBray
51°29′57″N0°40′53″W / 51.4991°N 0.6815°W /51.4991; -0.6815 (The Cut)
North Ascot14 miles (23 km)Bull Brook, The Bourne
WyeRiver WyeBourne End
51°34′13″N0°42′40″W / 51.5704°N 0.7111°W /51.5704; -0.7111 (River Wye)
1.00West Wycombe
51°38′52″N0°48′45″W / 51.647802°N 0.812522°W /51.647802; -0.812522 (River Wye)
8.7 miles (14.0 km)Hughenden StreamIn wet years this river is additionally sourced by an aquifer further up the same valley, extending the river by another mile in length.
Hamble BrookHambleden Marina
51°33′31″N0°52′10″W / 51.5585°N 00.8695°W /51.5585; -00.8695 (Hamble Brook)
Sourced by an aquifer in the Hambleden Valley, occasionally dry.
LoddonRiver LoddonWargrave
51°30′06″N0°52′48″W / 51.5017°N 0.8800°W /51.5017; -0.8800 (River Loddon)
2.16Basingstoke28 miles (45 km)St Patrick's Stream
River Broadwater
Emm Brook
River Blackwater
400 square miles (1,000 km2)
Berry BrookBerry BrookHallsmead Ait, nearShiplake
51°29′29″N0°53′43″W / 51.4913°N 0.8953°W /51.4913; -0.8953 (Berry Brook)
street (Surface Water) drains of South View Avenue,Caversham4 miles (6.4 km)
KennetRiver KennetReading
51°27′32″N0°56′58″W / 51.4590°N 0.9495°W /51.4590; -0.9495 (River Kennet)
9.75Swallowhead spring and others nearSilbury Hill45 miles (72 km)Foudry Brook
Clayhill Brook
River Enborne
River Lambourn
River Dun
River Og
450 square miles (1,200 km2)[9]
PangRiver PangPangbourne
51°29′09″N1°05′17″W / 51.4858°N 1.0880°W /51.4858; -1.0880 (River Pang)
0.62Compton14 miles (23 km)River Bourne, Berkshire
River Roden
66 square miles (170 km2)[10]
ThameRiver ThameDorchester
51°38′05″N1°09′58″W / 51.6348°N 1.1660°W /51.6348; -1.1660 (River Thame)
3.90Rowsham /Cheddington,Vale of Aylesbury40 miles (64 km)310 square miles (800 km2)[11]
OckRiver OckAbingdon
51°39′59″N1°17′02″W / 51.6665°N 1.2838°W /51.6665; -1.2838 (River Ock)
1.52Cock Well,Little Coxwell21 miles (34 km)Holywell Brook (rising in same parish)
Stutfield Brook
CherwellRiver CherwellOxford
51°44′32″N1°14′54″W / 51.7421°N 1.2483°W /51.7421; -1.2483 (River Cherwell)
7.2Hellidon40 miles (64 km)River Ray
River Swere
364 square miles (940 km2)[12]
EvenlodeRiver EvenlodeAboveKing's Lock
51°47′06″N1°20′16″W / 51.7849°N 1.3378°W /51.7849; -1.3378 (River Evenlode)
3.7Moreton-in-Marsh, Oxfordshire10 miles (16 km)River Glyme
Rollright Brook
WindrushRiver WindrushNewbridge
51°42′36″N1°25′02″W / 51.7100°N 1.4173°W /51.7100; -1.4173 (River Windrush)
3.27Taddington, Gloucestershire40 miles (64 km)River Dikler
River Eye, Gloucestershire
140 square miles (360 km2)[13]
ColeRiver ColeAboveBuscot Lock
51°41′19″N1°40′38″W / 51.6887°N 1.6772°W /51.6887; -1.6772 (River Cole)
1.20Burderop Park,Hodson, Wiltshire17 miles (27 km)Dorcan Stream (has subsumed original Cole sources)
Pennyhooks Brook
LeachRiver LeachLechlade
51°41′21″N1°40′38″W / 51.6891°N 1.6772°W /51.6891; -1.6772 (River Leach)
0.75Hampnett, Gloucestershire18 miles (29 km)
Coln00River ColnLechlade
51°41′17″N1°42′19″W / 51.6881°N 1.7052°W /51.6881; -1.7052 (River Coln)
2.06Brockhampton, Gloucestershire30 miles (48 km)
RayRiver Ray, WiltshireCricklade
51°38′39″N1°49′31″W / 51.6442°N 1.8252°W /51.6442; -1.8252 (River Ray)
1.28Markham Hill,Wroughton,Wiltshire12 miles (19 km)
KeyRiver KeyCricklade
51°38′33″N1°50′46″W / 51.6424°N 1.8461°W /51.6424; -1.8461 (River Key)
West of Battle Lake,Braydon6.5 miles (10.5 km)
ChurnRiver ChurnCricklade
51°38′42″N1°51′12″W / 51.6450°N 1.8533°W /51.6450; -1.8533 (River Churn)
0.86Seven Springs, Gloucestershire16 miles (26 km)

The average discharge is taken from the lowest point at which measurements are taken, which may be upstream of the confluence.

Backwaters and cuts

[edit]

This list comprises the principal instances; longest ex-mill races (leats), with own articles are included; the main weirstream/river stream of each Thames lock is omitted and the smallest such associated instances[clarification needed]; but the Sheepwash Channel is included for its importance in Oxford.

Principal backwaters and cuts (ordered lowest to highest elevation)
NameRe-convergenceLengthEffluence
The Creek, SunburyWheatley's Ait (North),Sunbury-on-Thames51°24′04″N0°24′47″W / 51.401°N 0.413°W /51.401; -0.413 (The Creek)0.654 miles (1.053 km)Tumbling Bay weir, eastShepperton (traditionally) (& storm weir)
Desborough CutSWWalton-on-Thames51°23′02″N0°26′10″W / 51.384°N 0.436°W /51.384; -0.436 (Desborough Cut (end))0.682 miles (1.098 km)NEWeybridge
Abbey RiverChertsey Lock51°23′49″N0°29′17″W / 51.397°N 0.488°W /51.397; -0.488 (Abbey River)2 miles (3.2 km)Penton Hook Island,Thorpe
Jubilee RiverBlack Potts Ait,Datchet51°29′28″N0°35′35″W / 51.491°N 0.593°W /51.491; -0.593 (Jubilee River)7.2 miles (11.6 km)Boulter's Lock,Taplow
Clewer Mill StreamQueen Elizabeth Bridge, Windsor51°29′13″N0°37′26″W / 51.487°N 0.624°W /51.487; -0.624 (Clewer Mill Stream)1.5 miles (2.4 km)Bush Ait, Clewer,Windsor, Berkshire
Hennerton BackwaterOppositeFerry Eyot51°31′19″N0°52′41″W / 51.522°N 0.878°W /51.522; -0.878 (Hennerton Backwater)1.25 miles (2.01 km)Above Camps Puddle, by foot ofWargrave Hill
Swift DitchCulham Bridge51°39′29″N1°16′41″W / 51.658°N 1.278°W /51.658; -1.278 (Swift Ditch)1.5 miles (2.4 km)Abingdon Lock
Seacourt Stream andHinksey StreamKennington Railway Bridge, Oxford51°43′16″N1°14′35″W / 51.721°N 1.243°W /51.721; -1.243 (Hinksey Stream)6 miles (9.7 km)NorthWytham
Castle Mill StreamGasworks Bridge,Oxford51°44′46″N1°15′50″W / 51.746°N 1.264°W /51.746; -1.264 (Castle Mill Stream)0.66 miles (1.06 km)Port Meadow, Oxford
Bulstake StreamOsney Rail Bridge51°44′49″N1°16′01″W / 51.747°N 1.267°W /51.747; -1.267 (Bulstake Stream)1.7 miles (2.7 km)Four Rivers,Oxford
Sheepwash ChannelFour Rivers,Oxford51°45′18″N1°16′19″W / 51.755°N 1.272°W /51.755; -1.272 (Sheepwash Channel)0.1 miles (0.16 km)Castle Mill Stream atIsis Lock
Kingsbridge Brook/ Wolvercote Mill StreamAboveGodstow Lock and weir51°46′44″N1°17′49″W / 51.779°N 1.297°W /51.779; -1.297 (Kingsbridge Brook)1.3 miles (2.1 km)Oxey Mead, southYarnton, Oxfordshire

Linked waterways

[edit]
NameViaConfluenceLengthDestinationNotes
Regent's CanalLimehouse Basin south exit
51°30′43″N0°02′12″W / 51.5120°N 0.0367°W /51.5120; -0.0367 (Regent's Canal)
Little Venice junction withPaddington Arm of Grand Union Canal
(to Paddington Basin, or Hayes for Brentford riverside or main course to the Midlands)
Lee NavigationLowerRiver LeaBromley-by-Bow51°30′26″N0°00′33″E / 51.5071°N 0.0092°E /51.5071; 0.0092 (River Lea)Hertford Castle Weir, Hertford, Hertfordshire
Grand Union CanalLowerRiver BrentBrentford51°28′59″N0°18′00″W / 51.4830°N 0.3000°W /51.4830; -0.3000 (River Brent)Birmingham
Wey and Godalming NavigationsLowerRiver WeyWeybridge51°22′49″N0°27′25″W / 51.3804°N 0.4570°W /51.3804; -0.4570 (River Wey)20 miles (32 km)Godalming, Surrey, viaGuildford
Maidenhead WaterwaysBray51°29′57″N0°40′53″W / 51.4991°N 0.6815°W /51.4991; -0.6815 (Maidenhead Waterways)Unnavigable
Kennet and Avon CanalRiver KennetReading51°27′32″N0°56′58″W / 51.4590°N 0.9495°W /51.4590; -0.9495 (River Kennet)87 miles (140 km)Bristol and via Avonmouth theBristol Channel, Atlantic Ocean
Wilts & Berks CanalAbingdon51°39′04″N1°16′58″W / 51.6510°N 1.2827°W /51.6510; -1.2827 (Wilts & Berks Canal)52 miles (84 km)Kennet and Avon Canal atSemington nearMelksham, west WiltshireAbandoned 1914, under restoration
Oxford CanalSheepwash Channel,OxfordOxford51°44′47″N1°15′49″W / 51.7463°N 1.2636°W /51.7463; -1.2636 (Oxford Canal via Oxford)78 miles (126 km)Coventry, Warwickshire and the Grand Union Canal
Dukes CutKing's Lock51°47′23″N1°18′31″W / 51.7896°N 1.3085°W /51.7896; -1.3085 (Oxford Canal via King's Lock)
Thames and Severn CanalRiver ColnLechlade51°41′17″N1°42′19″W / 51.6881°N 1.7052°W /51.6881; -1.7052 (River Coln)Stroud, Gloucestershire and Gloucester and the Severn valleyClosed 1933, under restoration

Poem by Alexander Pope listing some Thames tributaries

[edit]

Around his Throne the Sea-born Brothers stood,
That swell with TributaryUrns his Flood.
First the fam'd Authors of his ancient Name,
The windingIsis, and the fruitfulTame:
TheKennet swift, for silverEels renown'd;
TheLoddon slow, with verdantAlders crown'd:
Cole, whose clear Streams his flow'ry Islands lave;
AndchalkyWey, that rolls a milky Wave:
The blue, transparentVandalis appears;
ThegulphyLee hissedgy Tresses rears:
And sullenMole, that hides hisdiving Flood;
And silentDarent, stain'd with Danish Blood.

— Alexander Pope,Windsor Forest (lines 335–346)

See also

[edit]
Map all coordinates usingOpenStreetMapDownload coordinates asKML

References

[edit]
  1. ^Marsh, T; Hannaford, J, eds. (2008).UK Hydrometric Register(PDF). Hydrological data UK series. Wallingford, Oxfordshire: Centre for Ecology & Hydrology.ISBN 978-0-9557672-2-7. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 21 May 2013.
  2. ^Thurrock Flood Risk AssessmentArchived 16 August 2011 at theWayback Machine
  3. ^Maltby E."River Darent".SuRCaSE project. University of Liverpool. Retrieved21 December 2010.
  4. ^River Roding fluvial/tidal flood defence project - National Environmental Research Council, 1992
  5. ^abcdefg"HA16 Rivers and Streams"(PDF).Gateway to WildPRO. Wildlife Information Network. 2004. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 22 September 2015. Retrieved20 December 2010.
  6. ^"Explore georeferenced maps - Map images - National Library of Scotland".
  7. ^"London before the houses". Retrieved26 July 2024.
  8. ^"Spelthorne Borough Council: Biodiversity and Conservation: Other Sites".www.spelthorne.gov.uk. Retrieved26 July 2024.
  9. ^Maltby E."River Kennet".SuRCaSE project. University of Liverpool. Archived fromthe original on 6 September 2012. Retrieved20 December 2010.
  10. ^Neal C (2000). "The water quality of a tributary of the Thames, the Pang, southern England".Science of the Total Environment.251–252. Elsevier:459–475.Bibcode:2000ScTEn.251..459N.doi:10.1016/S0048-9697(00)00399-5.PMID 10847178.
  11. ^Neal C (2006). "The water quality of the River Thame in the Thames Basin of south/south-eastern England".Science of the Total Environment.360 (1–3). Elsevier:254–271.Bibcode:2006ScTEn.360..254N.doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.08.039.PMID 16253309.
  12. ^Neal C (2006). "River water quality of the River Cherwell: An agricultural clay-dominated catchment in the upper Thames Basin, southeastern England".Science of the Total Environment.360 (1–3). Elsevier:272–289.Bibcode:2006ScTEn.360..272N.doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.08.040.PMID 16253306.
  13. ^Johnes PJ (1991)."Water Quality Trends in the Windrush Catchment: Nitrogen Speciation and Sediment Interactions"(PDF).Sediment and Stream Water Quality in a Changing Environment: Trends and Explanation.203. International Association of Hydrological Sciences:349–357. Retrieved21 December 2010.
  • Cove-Smith, Chris (2006).The River Thames Book. Imray Laurie Norie and Wilson.ISBN 0-85288-892-9.
  • Fred. S. ThackerThe Thames Highway: Volume II Locks and Weirs, 1920. Republished by David & Charles, 1968.

External links

[edit]
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