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Tribal-class destroyer (1905)

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1905 destroyer class of the Royal Navy

For other uses, seeTribal-class andF-class destroyer.

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Class overview
HMS Crusader
Name	Tribal (or F)
Operators	Royal Navy
Preceded by	River class
Succeeded by	Beagle (or G) class
Built	1905–1908
In commission	1907–1920
Completed	12
General characteristics
Type	Destroyer
Displacement	860 - 940 tons
Length	275 ft (84 m)
Beam	28 ft (8.5 m)
Draught	8 ft 6 in (2.59 m)
Propulsion	2 or 3 shaftsteam turbines, 12,500 shp (9,300 kW) ca.200 tons oil
Speed	33 knots (61 km/h; 38 mph)
Armament	5 ×QF 12 pdr 12 cwt Mark I, mounting P Mark I or 2 ×BL 4 in L/40 Mark VIII, mounting P Mark V 2 × single tubes for18-inch (450-mm) torpedoes

TheTribal orF class was aclass ofdestroyers built for theRoyal Navy. Twelve ships were built between 1905 and 1908 and all saw service duringWorld War I, where they saw action in theNorth Sea andEnglish Channel as part of the 6th Flotilla andDover Patrols.

Design

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The precedingRiver- or E-class destroyers of 1903 had made 25.5 knots (47.2 km/h; 29.3 mph) on the 7,000 ihp (5,200 kW) provided bytriple expansion steam engines andcoal-fired boilers, althoughHMS Eden was powered bysteam turbines.^[1] In November 1904, theFirst Sea Lord "Jackie" Fisher proposed that the next class of destroyers should make at least 33 knots (61 km/h) and should use oil-fired boilers andsteam turbines as a means of achieving this.^[2] This resulted in a larger ship to provide the required doubling of installed power over their predecessors, but also pushed the design to the limits of capability of contemporary technology. As a result, the Tribals were severely compromised and a somewhat retrograde step after the successful River class; they were lightly built and proved to be fragile in service.^{[citation needed]} More alarmingly however, they were only provided with 90 tons of bunkerage, and with high fuel consumption resulting from a high power output of 12,500 shp (9,300 kW), they were highly uneconomical and had a severely limited radius of action;Afridi andAmazon once used 9.5 tons of oil each simply to raise steam for a three-mile (5 km) return journey to a fuel depot.

Design details were left to the individual builders, as was Royal Navy practice at the time for destroyers. As a result, no two were alike^[3]^[4] and there was considerable heterogeneity of detail and appearance. Most noticeably the number of funnels varied from three, inCossack andGhurka, to six inViking; the latter, with two single and two pairs of funnels becoming the only six-funneled destroyer ever built. With a light mainmast aft, they were the first British destroyers to have two masts.

The first five ships were designed with the armament of threeQF 12-pounder guns, an improvement from the single 12-pounder and five 6-pounder guns that the River class was completed with, while the number oftorpedoes remained at two18-inch (457 mm) tubes.^[5]^[6] From the sixth ship (Saracen) onwards, however, the armament was again increased, to a pair ofBL 4-inch (102 mm) guns, with one gun mounted forward and another on thequarterdeck.^[7] From October 1908, the first five ships were modified by adding another pair of 12 pounder guns.^[8]

The shift towards the larger Tribals also created a requirement for a complementary class of smaller "Coastal" destroyers giving rise to theCricket class of small TBD, of which 36 were built between 1905 and 1908. The result of this experiment was not ideal and for the following class of destroyers (the'G', orBeagle, class) the Admiralty reverted to a single, more uniform design for the 1908-9 programme.

Ships

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Seven ships to the Admiralty specification were originally envisaged, but only five vessels were ordered and built under the 1905-06 Programme, all to their builders' own designs.

Name	Builder	Laid down	Launch date	Commissioned	Fate
Afridi	Armstrong Whitworth,Newcastle upon Tyne	9 August 1906	8 May 1907	7 September 1909	Sold on 9 December 1919 for breaking up
Cossack	Cammell Laird,Birkenhead	13 November 1905	16 February 1907	12 March 1908	Sold on 12 December 1919 for breaking up
Ghurka	Hawthorn Leslie and Company, Newcastle upon Tyne	6 February 1906	29 April 1907	17 December 1908	mined and sunk offDungeness Buoy on 8 February 1917
Mohawk	J Samuel White,Cowes	1 May 1906	15 March 1907	June 1908	Sold on 27 May 1919 for breaking up
Tartar	J I Thornycroft,Woolston	13 November 1905	25 June 1907	9 April 1908	Sold on 9 May 1921 for breaking up

Five more vessels were proposed, but only two were ordered and built under the 1906-07 Programme.

Name	Builder	Laid down	Launch date	Commissioned	Fate	Image
Amazon	J I Thornycroft, Woolston	24 June 1907	29 July 1908	April 1909	Sold on 22 October 1919 for breaking up
Saracen	J Samuel White, Cowes	12 July 1907	31 March 1908	25 June 1909	Sold on 22 October 1919 for breaking up

A final five vessels were ordered and built under the 1907-08 Programme.

Name	Builder	Laid down	Launch date	Commissioned	Fate
Crusader	J Samuel White, Cowes	22 June 1908	20 March 1909	21 October 1909	Sold on 30 June 1920 for breaking up
Maori	William Denny & Brothers,Dumbarton	6 August 1909	24 May 1909	11 November 1909	Mined and sunk offWirlingen Light Ship,Zeebrugge, on 7 May 1915
Nubian	J I Thornycroft, Woolston	18 May 1908	21 April 1909	24 August 1909	Torpedoed and damaged by German destroyers in action offFolkestone, on 27 October 1916
Viking	Palmers,Jarrow 29 June 1910	11 June 1908	14 September 1909	29 June 1910	Sold on 12 December 1919 for breaking up
Zulu	Hawthorn Leslie and Company, Newcastle upon Tyne	18 August 1908	16 September 1909	19 March 1910	Mined and damaged offDover on 8 November 1916

In October 1916, it was proposed on 8 November 1916 that the two undamaged 'ends' might be joined together, which was completed atChatham Royal Dockyard 7 June 1917 by joining the undamaged fore section ofZulu and the rear section ofNubian respectively. The resulting destroyer was commissioned on 7 June 1917 asZubian, which was sold for scrapping 1919.

Name	Builder	Laid down	Launch date	Commissioned	Fate	Image
Zubian	Chatham Royal Dockyard			7 June 1917	Sold on 12 December 1919 for breaking up

Notes

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^Chesneau and Kolesnik 1979, p. 99.
^Friedman 2009, pp. 106–107.
^Janes p75
^Cocker p27
^Gardiner and Gray, 1985, pp. 71–72.
^Friedman 2009, pp. 89–90, 107–108.
^Friedman 2009, pp. 108–109.
^Friedman 2009, p. 108.

Bibliography

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Wikimedia Commons has media related toTribal class destroyer (1905).

Colledge, J. J.; Warlow, Ben (2006) [1969].Ships of the Royal Navy: The Complete Record of All Fighting Ships of the Royal Navy from the 15th Century to the Present (Rev. ed.). London: Chatham Publishing.ISBN 978-1-86176-281-8.OCLC 67375475.
Dittmar, F.J.; Colledge, J. J. (1972).British Warships 1914–1919. Shepperton, UK: Ian Allan.ISBN 0-7110-0380-7.
Friedman, Norman (2009).British Destroyers: From Earliest Days to the Second World War. Barnsley, UK: Seaforth Publishing.ISBN 978-1-84832-049-9.
Gardiner, Robert & Gray, Randal, eds. (1985).Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921. London: Conway Maritime Press.ISBN 0-85177-245-5.
Manning, T. D. (1961).The British Destroyer. London: Putnam & Co.OCLC 6470051.
March, Edgar J. (1966).British Destroyers: A History of Development, 1892–1953; Drawn by Admiralty Permission From Official Records & Returns, Ships' Covers & Building Plans. London:Seeley, Service.OCLC 164893555.

v t e Tribal-class (F-class) destroyers
Afridi Amazon Cossack Crusader Ghurka Maori Mohawk Nubian Saracen Tartar Viking Zubian Zulu
Preceded by:River-class destroyer Followed by:Beagle class
List of destroyers of the Royal Navy

v t e British naval ship classes of the First World War
Aircraft/Seaplane carriers	Empress^S^V Riviera^S^V Engadine^S^V Ark Royal^S Ben-my-Chree^S^V Campania^S^V Raven II^S^V Anne^S^V Vindex^S^V Manxman^S^V Furious^M Pegasus^S^V Nairana^S^V Argus^S^V Vindictive^S^V
Dreadnought battleships	Dreadnought^S Bellerophon St Vincent Neptune^S Colossus Orion King George V Erin^S Agincourt^S Iron Duke Canada^S Queen Elizabeth Revenge
Pre-dreadnought battleships	Royal Sovereign Majestic Canopus Formidable London Duncan King Edward VII Swiftsure Lord Nelson
Battlecruisers	Invincible Indefatigable Lion Queen Mary^S Tiger^S Renown Courageous Admiral^S^A
Armoured cruisers	Cressy Drake Monmouth Devonshire Duke of Edinburgh Warrior Minotaur
Heavy cruisers	Hawkins^A
Light cruisers	Town^G Arethusa C^G^C Danae^C Emerald^A
Protected cruisers	Apollo Astraea Eclipse Blake Pearl Edgar Powerful Diadem Arrogant Pelorus Highflyer Challenger Topaze
Scout cruisers	Adventure Forward Pathfinder Sentinel Boadicea Blonde Active
Destroyer flotilla leaders	Swift^S Faulknor Marksman Parker Thornycroft (orShakespeare)^C Admiralty (orScott)^C
Destroyers	A^G B^G C^G D^G E^G F G H I K L Admiralty M Hawthorn M Thornycroft M Yarrow M Yarrow Later M Medea Arno^S R^G S^G^C Talisman V and W^G^C
Torpedo boats	TB 81^S TB 98 TB 109 TB 114 Cricket^G
Monitors	Marshal Ney Abercrombie Lord Clive Humber Gorgon M15 M29 Erebus
Minesweepers	Racecourse Hunt Dance
Gunboats	Fly Insect
Submarines	A B C D E F G H^C J K L^C M^C R^C Swordfish^S V
Sloops	P Cadmus Flower Acacia Azalea Arabis Anchusa Aubrietia 24^C
naval trawlers	Castle Mersey
A All completed after the war C One or more completed after the war G Grouping of several classes M converted fromCourageous class S Single ship of class V Conversions

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