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Tregami language

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Nuristani language spoken in Afghanistan
Tregami
Gambiri
Native toAfghanistan
RegionNuristan Province,Kunar Province
Native speakers
3,500 (2011)[1]
Early forms
Language codes
ISO 639-3trm
Glottologtreg1243
ELPTregami
Tregami is classified as Severely Endangered by theUNESCOAtlas of the World's Languages in Danger

Tregami is aNuristani language spoken in the villages of Gambir, Kaṭâr, and Devoz in the Tregâm Valley off the lowerPech River[2] in theWatapur District of Kunar Province in Afghanistan. The area is in theHindu Kush along the border with Pakistan. Tregami belongs to theNuristani group of theIndo-Iranian language family. It is spoken by approximately 3,500 people (2011). Most individuals speakPashto in addition to Tregami.[1]

Tregami is a close relative ofNuristani Kalasha, spoken inGhaziabad District to the east, with which it has a lexical similarity of 75% to 80%.[1] Although Tregami villages are close in proximity, there is a slight difference between the dialects of Katar and Gambir.[3] The language has been influenced by the neighboring Indo-Aryan languages likeWotapuri-Katarqalai,Grangali, and by the NuristaniKatë dialects.[4]

Name

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The native name is unknown. TheexonymTregâm, fromWotapuri-Katarqalai, literally means "three villages", referencing Gambir, Kaṭâr, and Devoz.

Sociolinguistic situation

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Tregami is an unwritten[1]moribund language in the process of beingreplaced byPashto, the predominant language of the region. Most Tregami are bilingual in Pashto, and the Tregami people don't have the resources to revive their language.

Vocabulary

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Pronouns

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PersonNominativeAccusativeGenitive
1stsg.ežũ
pl.âvažâmâ
2ndsg.tuto
pl.viemeimârâ

Numbers

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  1. yo
  2. du
  3. tre
  4. čâtâ
  5. põč
  6. ṣu
  7. sut
  8. voṣṭ
  9. dåš

References

[edit]
  1. ^abcdTregami atEthnologue (18th ed., 2015)(subscription required)
  2. ^Iranica Online
  3. ^Strand, Richard F. (1973)."Notes on the Nūristāni and Dardic Languages".Journal of the American Oriental Society.93 (3):297–305.doi:10.2307/599462.JSTOR 599462.
  4. ^"Encyclopædia Iranica | Articles".www.iranicaonline.org. Archived fromthe original on 2011-04-29.

Further reading

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Languages
Proto-language
Official languages
Regional languages
Minority languages
Sign languages


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