Treehouse of Horror is a series of annualHalloween-themedanthology episodes of the Americananimated sitcom and spin-off ofThe Simpsons. Also known asThe Simpsons Halloween Specials, each episode typically consists of three separate, self-contained segments.[a] Each segment involves theSimpson family in some comicalhorror,science fiction, orsupernatural setting; plot elements operate beyond the show's normalcontinuity, with segments exaggeratedly more morbid and violent than a typicalSimpsons episode. With 36 episodes as of 2025, eachTreehouse of Horror episode is numbered inRoman numerals, one less than the respective season it is in, because the show's first season never had one.
The eponymous first installment "Treehouse of Horror" aired on October 25, 1990, duringthe second season, broadly inspired byEC Comics horror tales. In addition toparodies of horror, science fiction, andfantasy films, episodes include the recurring alien charactersKang and Kodos, unique opening sequences, and 'scary' pseudonyms in the credits.Treehouse of Horror episodes have earned high ratings and broad popularity, spawning a steady stream of merchandise, including acomic book series that ran from 1995 to 2017.
Treehouse of Horror episodes typically consist of four parts: an opening and Halloween-themed version of the credits, followed by three segments.These segments usually have a horror, science fiction or fantasy theme and quite often are parodies of films, novels, plays, television shows,Twilight Zone episodes, or old issues ofEC Comics. Although they are sometimes connected by "wraparounds", the three segments rarely have any kind of continuing connection within the episode. Some have recurring elements, such as "Treehouse of Horror V", in whichGroundskeeper Willie is killed by an axe in all three segments.[2] The episodes are considered to be non-canon, which means they take place outside the normal continuity of the show.[3]
The number of episodes ofTreehouse of Horrors matches the number of series of the show: there are no such specials inseason 1, two inseason 34 and one in each other season.[4] From "Treehouse of Horror" to "Treehouse of Horror XIII" and resuming with "Treehouse of Horror XXXIII", all three segments were written by different writers. In some cases there was a fourth writer who wrote the opening and wraparound segments.[5] For the original "Treehouse of Horror", there were three different directors for the episode.[6] Fromseason 15's "Treehouse of Horror XIV" toseason 33's "Treehouse of Horror XXXII", however, only one writer was credited with writing eachTreehouse of Horror episode.[7][8][9][10][11] "Treehouse of Horror XXXII" featured five segments.[1] One of the season 34Treehouse of Horror specials, "Not It", is distinguished by its uncharacteristic title and one full-length segment (divided in the two parts).[12]
On occasion, the episodes will be used to showcase special animation, such as the "Treehouse of Horror VI" segment "Homer3", in which a computer-animatedHomer is shown in a non-animated setting. At the time (1995), it was unusual for a television show to use such animation. The segment was executive producerBill Oakley's idea and included live-action directed byDavid Mirkin.[13] "Treehouse of Horror XX" included the segment "There's No Business Like Moe Business", which was the first to be musically themed.[14]
Thefirst,second, andfifthTreehouse of Horror episodes open withMarge standing on a stage and warning parents about the content of the episode, advising them to put their children to bed. The warning in the first episode was put in as a sincere effort to warn young viewers, as the producers felt it was somewhat scary.[15] The entire segment was a parody ofEdward Van Sloan's pre-credits warning from the 1931 filmFrankenstein.[16] Marge's warnings quickly became a burden to write, particularly because – as she herself noted – they were mostly ignored, so after "Treehouse of Horror V", they were dropped.[17] The segment returned in theseason 31 episode "Thanksgiving of Horror".[13]
OtherTreehouse of Horror episodes have opened with parodies; for example, "Treehouse of Horror III" hadHomer introduce the episode in a manner similar toAlfred Hitchcock inAlfred Hitchcock Presents,[18] "Treehouse of Horror IV" hadBart introduce the episode and segments in a manner similar toNight Gallery, and "Treehouse of Horror V" featured a parody ofThe Outer Limits.[19] Thesixth andseventh episodes featured short clips with no lines because the episodes had run long, and longer segments were cut.[13] Following "Treehouse of Horror VII", the opening has been upwards of a minute long and sometimes featured an introduction by a character, such asMr. Burns in "Treehouse of Horror XVII"[10] or included over-the-top violence, such as "Treehouse of Horror VIII" (which showed aFox Network censor being brutally murdered) and "Treehouse of Horror XIV" (which showed the Simpson family killing each other).[7]
In the opening segment of the first five episodes, the camera zooms through a cemetery where tombstones with humorousepitaphs can be seen. These messages include the names of canceled shows from the previous season, deceased celebrities such asWalt Disney andJim Morrison,[20] and a tombstone with an inscription that read "TV violence" that was riddled with bullets as the camera panned on it.[5] They were last used in "Treehouse of Horror V", which included a solitary tombstone with the words "Amusing Tombstones" to signal this.[19] The tombstone gags were easy for the writers in thefirst episode, but like Marge's warnings, they eventually got more difficult to write, so they were abandoned.[16] Another reason they were dropped was that the tombstones would list television shows that had been canceled the previous season; after a few years, several of the shows that were canceled were produced by formerSimpsons writers.[21] However, after two decades, this gag made a brief comeback in "Treehouse of Horror XXIX" at the very beginning, this time appearing before the main opening sequence and title.
While the earlyTreehouse of Horror episodes featured a Halloween themed opening sequence, the later ones only included the title and the "created by" and "developed by" credits. Every episode between "Treehouse of Horror III" and "Treehouse of Horror X" featured acouch gag with a Halloween theme, including the Simpson family dressed as skeletons,[18] zombies,[5] and characters from previous Halloween episodes.[22]
The first fourTreehouse of Horror episodes had briefwraparounds that occurred before each segment and loosely tied together all three stories. "Treehouse of Horror" was the only one that actually included a treehouse as a setting.[3] In that episode,Bart andLisa sat in it telling stories to each other.[3][6] "Treehouse of Horror II" presented all of the segments as being nightmares of Lisa, Bart andHomer;[20] "Treehouse of Horror III" had Lisa, Bart andGrampa telling stories at a Halloween party;[18] and "Treehouse of Horror IV" is presented by Bart in a parody ofRod Serling'sNight Gallery.[5] After a few years, the amount of broadcast time for an episode was shortened, allowing less time to tell a proper story.[17] There were no wraparounds for "Treehouse of Horror V" because they had been cut to make more time for the segments. Following that, the writers permanently dropped them[23] (until "Treehouse of Horror Presents: Simpsons Wicked This Way Comes").
Two characters that are virtually exclusive to theTreehouse of Horror series areKang and Kodos, a pair of large green space aliens who were introduced in the "Hungry are the Damned" segment of "Treehouse of Horror". Kang and Kodos have since appeared in everyTreehouse of Horror episode, often incameos. In some episodes, they only appear in the opening segment,[7][22] but often they will make a cameo appearance in the middle of a different story. For example, a story about zombies attacking the town briefly cuts to them in their space ship, watching the events and laughing maniacally at the Earthlings' suffering. The action then switches back to the actual story.[18] According toAl Jean in 2022, an unofficial rule is that they must be in every episode,[15] although quite often they will be forgotten and are added at the last moment, resulting in only a brief appearance.[3] Their scene in "Treehouse of Horror VIII" nearly did not make the final cut of the episode, butDavid X. Cohen managed to persuade the producers to leave the scene in.[24]
Kang and Kodos were prominent characters in the 2015 episode "The Man Who Came to Be Dinner", which was not Halloween themed.
Beginning with "Treehouse of Horror II", the producers decided to give the cast and crew of the show 'scary names' in the opening and closing credits. Although the names quickly became more silly than scary, there have been a wide variety of special credits, from simple names like "Bat Groening" or "Chains Hell Brooks" to complex ones like "Dan CastellanetarghaGAHEGGA (Smash) Gurgle Mr. Hyde".[25]Sam Simon, who left the show during thefourth season, still receives "developed by" and "executive producer" credits, and until "Treehouse of Horror XXII", he had been listed inTreehouse of Horror episodes as "Sam 'Sayonara' Simon" and between "Treehouse of Horror XXII" and "Treehouse of Horror XXV" as "simonsam@TWITterror". However, following his death in March 2015, he has simply been credited as "Sam Simon" starting from "Treehouse of Horror XXVI".[citation needed]
The idea for 'scary names' came from executive producerAl Jean, who was inspired byEC Comics because some of the issues also used 'scary' alternate names.[15] The "scary names" became such a burden to write that they were cut for "Treehouse of Horror XII" and "Treehouse of Horror XIII", but after hearing complaints from the fans, Jean decided to bring them back.[26] Matt Groening's rule for the "scary names" is that they cannot be longer than a person's real name, but this is rarely followed by anyone else.[27]
References to films, novels, plays, television shows, and other media are commonly featured, and many segments have been parodies of a specific work in the horror, science fiction, or fantasy genre. Many segments are spoofs of episodes ofThe Twilight Zone, and entire segments will be based on a single episode.[28] Some of theTwilight Zone episodes parodied include "A Kind of a Stopwatch", "To Serve Man",[29] "A Small Talent for War",[30] "Living Doll",[31] "Nightmare at 20,000 Feet",[32] "Little Girl Lost",[33] and "The Little People".[34] The "Bart's Nightmare" segment of "Treehouse of Horror II" parodies the episode "It's a Good Life" and is even presented in a format similar to an episode ofThe Twilight Zone.[30]
Horror and thriller films parodied includeThe Exorcist,The Amityville Horror,[29]King Kong,Night of the Living Dead,[31]The Shining,[35]A Nightmare on Elm Street,[33]The Fly,[36]Paranormal Activity, andDead Calm.[37]Robert Englund had a cameo appearance in "Treehouse of Horror IX" as his character fromA Nightmare on Elm Street,Freddy Krueger.[38] Science fiction films have also occasionally been used as inspiration for segments, and in later episodes, many of the segments were based more on science fiction than horror. Science fiction works parodied includeThe Omega Man,[39] the novelNineteen Eighty-Four,[35]E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial,[40]The Island of Doctor Moreau, andOrson Welles'sThe War of the Worlds radio broadcast.[41] In "Treehouse of Horror",Edgar Allan Poe's poem "The Raven" is read byJames Earl Jones, while the parts are acted by various characters.[29]
Recent parodies have included films and television specials in more varied genres, includingMr. & Mrs. Smith;[40]It's the Great Pumpkin, Charlie Brown;Transformers;[42]Sweeney Todd;[43] theTwilight film series;[44] andJumanji.[37]
A modified version of theproduction logo forGracie Films is displayed after the closing credits. The shushing sound is replaced by either a scream or another sound effect from the episode, and thejingle is played in a minor key on a pipe organ. The first three episodes did not feature the scream. "Treehouse of Horror VI" and "Treehouse of Horror XIX" did not feature the organ or scream; the former incorporated aMyst homage and the latter used a piano rendition following its parody ofPeanuts. The music in "Treehouse of Horror VI" was reused in "The Scorpion's Tale" without the Gracie Films jingle.[citation needed]
ThefirstTreehouse of Horror installment aired in 1990 as part of thesecond season, and its on-screen title was "The Simpsons Halloween Special". ("Treehouse of Horror XIII" was the first to feature "Treehouse of Horror" in the on-screen title.) It was inspired byEC Comics Horror tales.[15] Although every episode is entitledTreehouse of Horror, the first was the only episode that actually used the treehouse motif.[3] During production of the first episode,Matt Groening was nervous about "The Raven" segment, and felt it would be "the worst, most pretentious thing [they had] ever done."[3]
TheTreehouse of Horror episodes are difficult for both the writers and the animators.[16] The episodes were originally written at the beginning of the production run, but in later seasons they were written at the end and aired at the beginning of the next season as holdovers, giving the animators more time to work.[15] Part of the difficulty for the animators is that the episodes always involve many complex backgrounds, new characters and new designs.[15] They are difficult for the writers because they must produce three stories, an opening and, in the early episodes, a wraparound. They would have to try to fit all of this into a 20–22 minute episode.[45] The episodes often go through many last minute changes, with rewrites requiring new lines to be recorded.[46] "Treehouse of Horror III" in particular underwent somewhere between 80 and 100 line changes in the six-week period between the arrival of the animation from Korea and the airing of the episode.[26] By thefourth season, executive producersAl Jean andMike Reiss were less enamored ofTreehouse of Horror episodes and considered dropping them, but the other writers insisted that they be kept.[26]
Part of the attraction for the writers is that they are able to break the rules and include violence that would not make a regular episode.[3] In some cases, the writers will have an idea that is too violent and far-fetched or too short for a normal episode, but can be used as a segment in the seasonal special.[15] Several of the writers, former executive producerDavid Mirkin among them, believe that the episodes should be scary and not just funny.[45] "Treehouse of Horror V" was described by Mirkin as being one of "the most intense, disturbing Halloween show ever" as it was filled with violence and gore in response to new censorship rules.[2] Early episodes seem mild compared to the carnage that followed in later episodes, according to Jean, who calls it "a societal thing". He points out that his 10-year-old daughter loves films likeCoraline, and that, "[in] the age of scary stories [...] appropriateness has gotten lower."[47]
Although gruesome for the most part, some segments, such as "Citizen Kang" in "Treehouse of Horror VII", satirize political issues. The opening segment of "Treehouse of Horror XIX" featured Homer attempting to vote forBarack Obama but a rigged electronic voting machine instead registers a vote forJohn McCain.[48] Rather than taking sides in the election, Jean says it is "mostly a comment on what many people believe to be the irregularities in our voting system".[49] In "Treehouse of Horror XVII", a segment called "The Day the Earth Looked Stupid" ends withKang and Kodos taking overSpringfield as part of a mission called "Operation: Enduring Occupation". The script originally called for Kodos and Kang to look over the smoking ruins of Springfield and say: "This sure is a lot like Iraq will be." The Fox network did not have any objection to the line, but it was rejected by some of the writers as too obvious and was cut from the broadcast. While cut from the aired version, the line does appear in the "review" version sent to newspapers and magazines.[41]
The firstTreehouse of Horror episode marked the first time that an alternate version of the theme that airs over the end credits was used. Originally, it was intended to use atheremin, but one could not be found that could hit all the necessary notes.[3] The closing of "Treehouse of Horror IV" features a version of the theme that is a combination of the instruments used inThe Munsters theme song and the harpsichord and clicking from theAddams Family theme song.[45] Usually when the producers submit an episode for thePrimetime Emmy Award for "Outstanding Individual Achievement in Music Composition for a Series (Dramatic Underscore)", they submit aTreehouse of Horror episode,[15] and to date, seven episodes have been nominated.[50]
Üter Zörker is so far the only human character introduced in aTreehouse of Horror to make it into canon. His debut episode was "Treehouse of Horror IV" in the segment "Terror at5+1⁄2 Feet". He is an obese German exchange student obsessed with candy and was voiced byRussi Taylor until her death.
2019'sTreehouse of Horror was the666th episode of the series.[51] For the34th season ofThe Simpsons, twoTreehouse of Horror episodes were produced; the first episode was "Not It", a parody of the 2017 supernatural horror filmIt and its 2019 sequelIt Chapter Two.[12]
AlthoughTreehouse of Horror episodes are Halloween-themed, for several years, they premiered in November due toFox's coverage ofMajor League Baseball'sWorld Series.[52]Season 12's "Treehouse of Horror XI" was the first episode to air in November. There have been several references to this in the show, such as inSeason 15's "Treehouse of Horror XIV" where Kang looks at aTV Guide and says, "Pathetic humans. They're showing a Halloween episode... in November!" and Kodos replies "Who's still thinking about Halloween? We've already got our Christmas decorations up!" The camera then cuts to a shot of the fireplace with Christmas decorations, and festive Christmas music plays over the opening credits.[7]Season 21's "Treehouse of Horror XX" aired October 18, before the World Series, but the following year's episode,Season 22's "Treehouse of Horror XXI", aired on November 7.[53]Season 23's "Treehouse of Horror XXII" aired on October 30 as the2011 World Series (which went the maximum of seven games) had concluded on October 28.[54]
SubsequentTreehouse of Horror episodes have premiered in October, although they have moved back to November on occasion. The31st season included aThanksgiving-themed spinoff, "Thanksgiving of Horror". The32nd season however pushed "Treehouse of Horror XXXI" to November 1, 2020, because theNational League Championship Series went into Game 7, with theWorld Series that followed stretching to Game 6, resulting in Fox airingTreehouse after Halloween for the first time since 2010.[55]Citytv in Canada however aired the episode as originally scheduled. "Treehouse of Horror XXXII" aired on October 10, 2021, to avoid airing in November due to the World Series overrun, and, with no2022 World Series game scheduled on a Sunday, "Treehouse of Horror XXXIII" aired on October 30, 2022. "Treehouse of Horror XXXIV", however, aired on November 5, 2023, and "Treehouse of Horror XXXV" aired on November 3, 2024.[56]
There has been a variety of merchandise based on theTreehouse of Horror episodes, including books, action figures,comic books,video games,DVDs and a "Treehouse of Horror" version ofHasbro's board gameMonopoly.[57] Although everyTreehouse of Horror episode until "Treehouse of Horror XIX" has been released along with its season in aboxset, in 2003,The Simpsons: Treehouse of Horror DVD was released. It includesTreehouse of HorrorsV,VI,VII andXII.[58] ATreehouse of Horror comic book was published annually from 1995 to 2017, and collected intoseveral books, includingThe Simpsons Treehouse of Horror Fun-Filled Frightfest,Bart Simpson's Treehouse of Horror Spine-Tingling Spooktacular,Bart Simpson's Treehouse of Horror Heebie-Jeebie Hullabaloo andThe Simpsons Treehouse of Horror Hoodoo Voodoo Brouhaha.[59]
Severalvideo games based onThe Simpsons include levels with a Halloween theme, includingThe Simpsons: Hit & Run andThe Simpsons Game. In 2001,Fox Interactive andTHQ releasedThe Simpsons: Night of the Living Treehouse of Horror onGame Boy Color. The entire game has a Halloween theme as the player tries to save the Simpson family from the Treehouse of Horror.[60]
Many of the special character designs featured in the episodes have become action figures.[26] Four different playsets have been made byPlaymates Toys and released asToys "R" Us exclusives:
After thePlaymates Toys sets were finished,McFarlane Toys produced fourTreehouse of Horror themed playsets including the "Ironic Punishment Box Set" released in 2004,[65] the "In the Belly of the Boss — Homer & Marge Action Figures" released in 2005,[66] "The Island of Dr. Hibbert Box Set" released in 2006,[67] and a "Lard Lad Box Set" released in 2007.[68]
TheTreehouse of Horror episodes are often among the top-rated episodes of their seasons,[26] and many of theTreehouse of Horrors have generally been well-received by fans. However, likeThe Simpsons itself, critics have noted a decline in the quality of the later episodes.[69] In its first airing, "Treehouse of Horror" finished with a 15.7 Nielsen rating and a 25% audience share, less thanThe Cosby Show.[70] It was said that it "set a level of excellence that viewers never expected creator Matt Groening to repeat",[71] although it was also described as "kind of stupid and unsatisfying".[72]
"Treehouse of Horror V" is considered the best episode by several critics: it finished ninth onEntertainment Weekly's top 25The Simpsons episode list,[73] fifth on AskMen.com's "Top 10: Simpsons Episodes" list,[74] and was named best episode of the sixth season byIGN.com.[75] In 2006,James Earl Jones, who guest starred in "Treehouse of Horror" and "Treehouse of Horror V", was named seventh on IGN's "Top 25 Simpsons Guest Appearances" list.[76]
In 2006,IGN.com published a list of the top tenTreehouse of Horror segments, and they placed "The Shinning" from "Treehouse of Horror V" at the top, saying it was "not only a standout installment of the annual Halloween episode, but ofThe Simpsons, period".[77] Rounding out the list were "Dial "Z" for Zombies", "The Devil and Homer Simpson", "Time and Punishment", "Hungry Are the Damned", "Clown Without Pity", "Citizen Kang", "If I Only Had a Brain", "Bart Simpson's Dracula", and "Starship Poopers". The third, fourth, and fifth episodes were each represented by two segments. The most recent episode on the list was "Treehouse of Horror IX", from 1998.[77]
In 2000, "Treehouse of Horror VII" was rankedSimpsons creator Matt Groening's seventh-favorite episode, and the line he likes best is: "We have reached the limit of what rectal probing can teach us."[78] "King Homer" of "Treehouse of Horror III" is one of Groening's favorite segments.[79] "Treehouse of Horror III" is also noted for the moment where Homer shootsNed Flanders and Bart says "Dad, you killed the Zombie Flanders!" only for Homer to reply, "He was a zombie?"[77] It is also one of Groening's favorite lines.[79]
In 1996, the "Homer3" segment of "Treehouse of Horror VI" was awarded theOttawa International Animation Festival grand prize.[80] In 1998, "Treehouse of Horror VIII" won aGolden Reel Award for "Best Sound Editing – Television Animated Specials"; the recipients were Robert Mackston, Travis Powers, Norm MacLeod, and Terry Greene. Bob Beecher also received a nomination for "Best Sound Editing in Television Animation – Music" for "Treehouse of Horror X".[81]
Thesecond,third,fifth,eighth,ninth,fourteenth,fifteenth, andeighteenth[82]Treehouse of Horror episodes were nominated for "Outstanding Individual Achievement in Music Composition for a Series (Dramatic Underscore)" at thePrimetime Emmy Awards. The second and third "Treehouse of Horror" episodes were also nominated for "Outstanding Individual Achievement in Sound Mixing for a Comedy Series or a Special".[50] In 1996, "Treehouse of Horror VI" was submitted for the Primetime Emmy Award in the "Outstanding Animated Program (For Programming less than One Hour)" category because it had a 3D animation sequence, which the staff felt would have given it the edge.[50] The episode failed to win, andBill Oakley later expressed regret about submitting the episode.[83] Thetwenty-third andtwenty-fifthTreehouse of Horror episodes were nominated for the same award in 2013 and 2015 respectively.[50][84] Thethirty-third episode finally won the Emmy.
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