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TheTrecento (/treɪˈtʃɛntoʊ/tray-CHEN-toh,[1][2][3]US also/trɛˈ-/treh-,[4]Italian:[treˈtʃɛnto]; short formilletrecento, "1300") refers to the 14th century inItalian cultural history.[5] The Trecento is considered to be the beginning of theItalian Renaissance or at least theProto-Renaissance in art history. The Trecento was also famous as a time of heightened literary activity, with writers working in the vernacular instead of Latin. In music, the Trecento was a time of vigorous activity in Italy, as it was inFrance, with which there was a frequent interchange of musicians and influences.
The Trecento is considered to be the beginning of theItalian Renaissance or at least theProto-Renaissance in art history. Painters of the Trecento includedGiotto di Bondone, as well as painters of theSienese School, which became the most important in Italy during the century, includingDuccio di Buoninsegna,Simone Martini,Lippo Memmi,Ambrogio Lorenzetti and his brotherPietro. Important sculptors included two pupils ofGiovanni Pisano:Arnolfo di Cambio andTino di Camaino, andBonino da Campione.
The Trecento was also famous as a time of heightened literary activity, with writers working in the vernacular instead of Latin.Dante,Petrarch andBoccaccio were the leading writers of the age. Dante produced his famousLa divina commedia (TheDivine Comedy), now seen as a summation of the medieval worldview, andPetrarch wrote verse in a lyrical style influenced by theProvençal poetry of thetroubadours.
In music, the Trecento was a time of vigorous activity in Italy, as it was inFrance, with which there was a frequent interchange of musicians and influences. Distinguishing the period from the preceding century was an emphasis on secular song, especially love lyrics; much of the surviving music ispolyphonic, but the influence of the troubadours who came to Italy, fleeing theAlbigensian Crusade in the early 13th century, is evident. In contrast to the artistic and literary achievements of the century, Trecento music (at least in written form) flourished in the second half of the century, and the period is often extended (especially in English-language scholarship) into the first decades of the 15th century, as a so-called "Long Trecento". Musicians and composers of the Trecento included the renownedFrancesco Landini, as well asMaestro Piero,Gherardello da Firenze,Jacopo da Bologna,Giovanni da Cascia,Paolo "Tenorista" da Firenze,Niccolò da Perugia,Bartolino da Padova,Antonio Zachara da Teramo,Matteo da Perugia, andJohannes Ciconia.
Media related to14th-century art in Italy at Wikimedia Commons
