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TheTreaty of Zadar, also known as theTreaty of Zara, was apeace treaty signed inZadar,Dalmatia on February 18, 1358. Under the treaty, theVenetian Republic lost influence over its Dalmatian holdings in exchange for ending hostilities withLouis I of Hungary. Both had been contesting control of a series of territories along the easternAdriatic coastline in what is nowCroatia.
In 1301, theÁrpád dynasty was dissolved. After a brief interlude, it was replaced by theAngevin dynasty as the rulers of Hungary andCroatia. The first Angevin king wasCharles Robert, who ruled from 1312 to 1342. He was supported by the most powerful Croatian nobleman,Pavao Šubić,Prince of Bribir andBan (viceroy) ofCroatia, ruler of the coastal cities of Split, Trogir, and Šibenik. Pavao became theBan of Croatia, conferring on him many of the powers of a monarch including minting coinage, conferring charters on cities and levying annual taxes on them.
Pavao's actions led to a revolt among the Croatian nobility, who successfully reached out to King Charles to help them remove him. In exchange for his aide, however, the Croatian nobility was forced to declare their direct allegiance to the Hungarian monarchy, which set the stage for Hungarian attempts to expel theVenetian Republic from theDalmatian coastline.[1] The other cities in the Dalmatian region were suffering from tug of war between the Venetians and the Hungarians and Croatians, butRagusa, which was held by Venice, was growing into an economic power house by exploiting its position between the west and the mineral-rich Kingdoms of Serbia and Bosnia and its broader location between Europe and the Levant.[2]
In the 1350s, Louis I was able to assemble a force of 50,000 men by joining his forces with reinforcements sent by theDuke of Austria, theCounts ofGorizia, the Lord of Padua,Francesco I da Carrara and thePatriarchate of Aquileia (a state of theHoly Roman Empire). In 1356, the coalition besieged the Venetians atAsolo,Conegliano,Ceneda and the stronghold ofTreviso. At the same time, along the Dalmatian coast, the army had attacked the cities ofZadar (Zara),Trogir (Traù),Split (Spalato)Ragusa and other smaller towns that surrendered fairly quickly.
Broken by a series of military reversals suffered in the territory under their control, the Venetians resigned themselves to the unfavourable conditions stipulated in the Treaty of Zadar (Zara), which was signed in the eponymous city on February 18, 1358.
The treaty was signed in theCloster of Monastery of St. Francis. Based on the terms of the agreement, theDubrovnik region and Zadar came under the rule of theKing of Hungary[3][4] and Croatia. It marked the rise of theRepublic of Ragusa as an independent and successful state. The same cannot be said for Zadar since it was later sold back to Venice byLadislaus of Naples.[5]
As a result of the treaty, Venice had to give all its possessions in Dalmatia to the King, from theKvarner to theBay of Kotor, but could keep theIstrian coast and theTreviso region. It was also forced to cancel, in the title of its doge, any reference to Dalmatia. However, the treaty preserved Venice's naval predominance in theAdriatic Sea, as Louis accepted not to build a fleet of his own.
Louis and his army triumphantly entered Zadar in 1358 by granting extensive privileges to the nobility of Zadar and erecting the capital city of Dalmatia.
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