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TheTreaty of Stolbovo (Russian:Столбовский мир;Swedish:Freden i Stolbova) was apeace treaty that ended theIngrian War (Ingermanländska kriget), which had been fought between theSwedish Empire and theRussian Tsardom between 1610 and 1617.[1][2]
After nearly two months of negotiations, representatives from Sweden and Russia met at the now-derelict village of Stolbovo, south ofLake Ladoga, now inVolkhovsky District. The meeting took place on 9 March [O.S. 27 February] 1617.From the outset, Sweden had gone into the negotiations with very high ambitions and hopes of fulfilling the old dream of making all Russian trade pass through Swedish territory. As a consequence of that ambition, the Swedes originally demanded far-reaching territorial gains into western Russia, including the important northern port ofArkhangelsk.[3]
However, KingJames I of England sent a delegation to mediate, and theUnited Provinces did the same, mostly to ensure that Arkhangelsk did not fall into Swedish hands, which would have made the extensive trade betweenWestern Europe and Russia far more difficult. Arkhangelsk did not change hands in the resulting treaty, partly because of the Dutch and the English efforts but mostly because Russia finally managed to unite under TsarMichael I of Russia. As word reached Russia that the Swedish war againstPoland might soon be over, the Russians really became serious in the negotiations to avoid Sweden's renewal of the war effort on only one front.[4]
TheKingdom of England was officially credited with brokering the peace through its mediator,John Mericke (c.1559 – 1638/9),[5] but the Dutch efforts were also very important. After the war, the leader of the Dutch delegation,Reinoud van Brederode (1567–1633), was granted the title ofbaron and given the barony ofWesenberg (Rakvere) inEstonia by KingGustavus Adolphus of Sweden.
In the resulting peace treaty, the Russian tsar and Swedish king agreed to the following terms:[4]