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 Changes to the Italian eastern border from 1920 to 1975. TheAustrian Littoral, later renamedJulian March, which was assigned to Italy in 1920 with theTreaty of Rapallo (with adjustments of its border in 1924 after theTreaty of Rome) and which was then ceded to Yugoslavia in 1947 with theTreaty of Paris Areas annexed to Italy in 1920 and remained Italian even after 1947 Areas annexed to Italy in 1920, passed to theFree Territory of Trieste in 1947 with the Paris treaties and definitively assigned to Italy in 1975 with theTreaty of Osimo Areas annexed to Italy in 1920, passed to the Free Territory of Trieste in 1947 with the Paris treaties and definitively assigned to Yugoslavia in 1975 with the Osimo treaty | |
| Signed | 10 February 1947 |
|---|---|
| Location | Paris,France |
| Signatories |  Italy France[1] Greece Ethiopia Yugoslavia[1] Albania United States[1] United Kingdom[1] Soviet Union[1] |
| Depositary | French Government |
| Languages | French (primary),English,Italian |
TheTreaty of Paris betweenItaly and theAllied Powers was signed on 10 February 1947, formally endingWorld War II hostilities between the parties. It came into general effect on 15 September 1947.[2]
The transfer of several territories in the eastern Adriatic that Italy had obtained following theTreaty of Rapallo in 1920 and theTreaty of Rome in 1924 was penalized, and theFree Territory of Trieste was established. A few territories were transferred to France. Italy renounced its colonial and overseas possessions, officially recognized Ethiopia and Albania as independent, and was required to pay war reparations. All Italian fascist organisations were to be banned.
Italian Somaliland was under British administration until 1949 when it became aUnited Nations Trust Territory underItalian administration. Italian Somaliland combined withBritish Somaliland on 1 July 1960 and together they became theSomali Republic.
Italy was obliged to pay the followingwar reparations (article 74):
The amounts were valued in the US dollar at its gold parity on 1 July 1946 ($35 for one ounce of gold). The reparations were to be paid in goods and services over a seven-year period.
Articles 47 and 48 called for the demolition of all permanent fortifications along the Franco-Italian and Yugoslav-Italian frontier. Italy was banned from possessing, building or experimenting withatomic weapons,guided missiles,guns with a range of over 30 km, non-contact naval mines and torpedoes as well asmanned torpedoes (article 51).
The military of Italy was limited in size. Italy was allowed a maximum of 200heavy andmedium tanks (article 54). Former officers andnon-commissioned officers of theBlackshirts and theNational Republican Army were barred from becoming officers or non-commissioned officers in the Italian military (except those exonerated by the Italian courts, article 55).
The Italian navy was reduced. Some warships were awarded to the governments of the Soviet Union, the United States, the United Kingdom and France (articles 56 and 57). Italy was ordered to scuttle all its submarines (article 58) and was banned from acquiring new battleships, submarines and aircraft carriers (article 59). The navy was limited to a maximum force of 25,000 personnel (article 60). The Italian army was limited to a size of 185,000 personnel plus 65,000Carabinieri for a maximum total of 250,000 personnel (article 61). The Italian air force was limited to 200fighters and reconnaissance aircraft plus 150 transport, air-rescue, training andliaison aircraft and was banned from owning and operatingbomber aircraft (article 64). The number of air force personnel was limited to 25,000 (article 65). Most of the military restrictions were lifted upon Italy becoming a founding member ofNATO in 1949.
Article 17 of the treaty bannedfascist organisations ("whether political, military, or semi-military") in Italy.
Italy was obliged to secure all persons under its jurisdiction the enjoyment of human, civil, and religious rights, and was not to prosecute or molest Italians who expressed sympathy to Allied powers. Italian citizens in the territories transferred to other states were to become citizens of those states, unless they exercised theright of option for Italian citizenship within a year, which may have required them to move to Italy. Similarly, Italian citizens domiciled on Italian territory whose language wasSerbian,Croatian, orSlovene were able to acquire Yugoslav nationality and may have been required to emigrate to Yugoslavia within one year.[4]
Asubsequent annex to the treaty provided for the cultural autonomy of the German minority inSouth Tyrol.
Article 14 of the treaty ceded the Italian islands in the Aegean to Greece and further stipulated that they "shall be and shall remain demilitarized".
Turkey is the intended third-party beneficiary of the demilitarization treaty by law (Vienna Convention of Treaties, art. 36(2)). Turkey had no title in signing any treaty ceding Rhodes to Greece, as the whole Dodecanese had been ceded by Turkey to Italy with the First Treaty of Lausanne (Often referred as "Treaty of Ouchy" to prevent confusion withTreaty of Lausanne) of 1912 but demanded demilitarization of those islands at the peace talks held in Lausanne in 1923. This was eventually inserted in the Paris Peace Treaty of 1947, to which Turkey is not a signatory party.
