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| Treaty establishing the European Coal and Steel Community | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Signed | 18 April 1951 (1951-04-18) |
| Location | Paris,France |
| Effective | 23 July 1952 (1952-07-23) |
| Expiration | 23 July 2002 (2002-07-23) |
| Signatories | "The Six":
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| Full text | |
 The Treaty establishing the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) atWikisource | |
TheTreaty of Paris (formally theTreaty establishing the European Coal and Steel Community) was signed on 18 April 1951 by Belgium, France, Italy,Luxembourg, the Netherlands, andWest Germany establishing theEuropean Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), which subsequently became part of theEuropean Union.[1] The treaty came into force on 23 July 1952 and expired on 23 July 2002, exactly fifty years after it came into effect.
The treaty was intended to bring diplomatic and economic stability in western Europe after theSecond World War. Some of the main enemies during the war were now sharing production ofcoal andsteel, the key resources which previously had been central to the war effort.
TheEurope Declaration, issued by the representatives of the six nations, declared that the Treaty had given birth toEurope. The Declaration emphasised that the supranational principle was the foundation of the new democratic organisation of Europe. The supranational concept was opposed byCharles de Gaulle.
Since theend of World War II, mostsovereignEuropean countries have entered into treaties and thereby co-operated and harmonised policies (orpooled sovereignty) in an increasing number of areas, in theEuropean integration project or theconstruction of Europe (French:la construction européenne). The following timeline outlines the legal inception of theEuropean Union (EU)—the principal framework for this unification. The EU inherited many of its presentorganizations,institutions, and responsibilities from theEuropean Communities (EC), which were founded in the 1950s in the spirit of theSchuman Declaration.
| Legend: S: signing F: entry into force T: termination E: expiry de facto supersession Rel. w/ EC/EU framework: de facto inside outside |  European Union(EU) | [Cont.] | ||||||||||||||||
| European Communities(EC) | (Pillar I) | |||||||||||||||||
| European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or EURATOM) | [Cont.] | |||||||||||||||||
 / / / European Coal and Steel Community(ECSC) | ||||||||||||||||||
| European Economic Community(EEC) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Schengen Rules | European Community (EC) | |||||||||||||||||
| TREVI | Justice and Home Affairs(JHA,pillar III) | |||||||||||||||||
 / North Atlantic Treaty Organisation(NATO) | [Cont.] | Police and Judicial Co-operation in Criminal Matters(PJCC,pillar III) | ||||||||||||||||
  Anglo-French alliance | [Defence armhanded toNATO] | European Political Co-operation (EPC) | Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP,pillar II) | |||||||||||||||
 Western Union (WU) |  / Western European Union (WEU) | [Tasks defined following the WEU's 1984reactivationhanded to theEU] | ||||||||||||||||
| [Social, cultural taskshanded toCoE] | [Cont.] | |||||||||||||||||
| Council of Europe(CoE) | ||||||||||||||||||
Entente Cordiale S: 8 April 1904 | Davignon report S: 27 October 1970 | European Council conclusions S: 2 December 1975 | ||||||||||||||||
