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Treaty of Paris (1951)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
1951 treaty establishing the European Coal and Steel Community
For other treaties of Paris, seeTreaty of Paris (disambiguation).
See also:Europe Declaration
This article includes a list ofgeneral references, butit lacks sufficient correspondinginline citations. Please help toimprove this article byintroducing more precise citations.(September 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

Treaty of Paris
Treaty establishing the European Coal and Steel Community
Signed18 April 1951 (1951-04-18)
LocationParis,France
Effective23 July 1952 (1952-07-23)
Expiration23 July 2002 (2002-07-23)
Signatories"The Six":
Full text
The Treaty establishing the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) atWikisource

TheTreaty of Paris (formally theTreaty establishing the European Coal and Steel Community) was signed on 18 April 1951 by Belgium, France, Italy,Luxembourg, the Netherlands, andWest Germany establishing theEuropean Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), which subsequently became part of theEuropean Union.[1] The treaty came into force on 23 July 1952 and expired on 23 July 2002, exactly fifty years after it came into effect.

The treaty was intended to bring diplomatic and economic stability in western Europe after theSecond World War. Some of the main enemies during the war were now sharing production ofcoal andsteel, the key resources which previously had been central to the war effort.

TheEurope Declaration, issued by the representatives of the six nations, declared that the Treaty had given birth toEurope. The Declaration emphasised that the supranational principle was the foundation of the new democratic organisation of Europe. The supranational concept was opposed byCharles de Gaulle.

EU evolution timeline

[edit]

Since theend of World War II, mostsovereignEuropean countries have entered into treaties and thereby co-operated and harmonised policies (orpooled sovereignty) in an increasing number of areas, in theEuropean integration project or theconstruction of Europe (French:la construction européenne). The following timeline outlines the legal inception of theEuropean Union (EU)—the principal framework for this unification. The EU inherited many of its presentorganizations,institutions, and responsibilities from theEuropean Communities (EC), which were founded in the 1950s in the spirit of theSchuman Declaration.

Legend:
  S: signing
  F: entry into force
  T: termination
  E: expiry
   de facto supersession
  Rel. w/ EC/EU framework:
   de facto inside
   outside
         European Union(EU)[Cont.]  
European Communities(EC)(Pillar I)
European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or EURATOM)[Cont.]      
/ / /European Coal and Steel Community(ECSC) 
  European Economic Community(EEC)  
      Schengen RulesEuropean Community (EC)
TREVIJustice and Home Affairs(JHA,pillar III) 
 /North Atlantic Treaty Organisation(NATO)[Cont.]Police and Judicial Co-operation in Criminal Matters(PJCC,pillar III)

Anglo-French alliance
[Defence armhanded toNATO]European Political Co-operation (EPC) Common Foreign and Security Policy
(CFSP,pillar II)
Western Union (WU) /Western European Union (WEU)[Tasks defined following the WEU's 1984reactivationhanded to theEU]
   
[Social, cultural taskshanded toCoE][Cont.]        
   Council of Europe(CoE)
Entente Cordiale
S: 8 April 1904
Dunkirk Treaty[i]
S: 4 March 1947
F: 8 September 1947
E: 8 September 1997
Brussels Treaty[i]
S: 17 March 1948
F: 25 August 1948
T: 30 June 2011
London andWashington treaties[i]
S: 5 May/4 April 1949
F: 3 August/24 August 1949
Paris treaties:ECSC andEDC[ii]
S: 18 April 1951/27 May 1952
F: 23 July 1952/?
E: 23 July 2002/—
Rome treaties:EEC andEAEC
S: 25 March 1957
F: 1 January 1958
WEU-CoE agreement[i]
S: 21 October 1959
F: 1 January 1960
Brussels (Merger) Treaty[iii]
S: 8 April 1965
F: 1 July 1967
Davignon report
S: 27 October 1970
Single European Act (SEA)
S: 17/28 February 1986
F: 1 July 1987
Schengen Treaty andConvention
S: 14 June 1985/19 June 1990
F: 26 March 1995
Maastricht Treaty[iv][v]
S: 7 February 1992
F: 1 November 1993
Amsterdam Treaty
S: 2 October 1997
F: 1 May 1999
Nice Treaty
S: 26 February 2001
F: 1 February 2003
Lisbon Treaty[vi]
S: 13 December 2007
F: 1 December 2009


  1. ^abcdeAlthough not EU treatiesper se, these treaties affected thedevelopment of the EU defence arm, a main part of the CFSP. The Franco-British alliance established by the Dunkirk Treaty wasde facto superseded by WU. The CFSP pillar was bolstered by some of the security structures that had been established within the remit of the 1955Modified Brussels Treaty (MBT). The Brussels Treaty wasterminated in 2011, consequently dissolving the WEU, as themutual defence clause that the Lisbon Treaty provided for EU was considered to render the WEU superfluous. The EU thusde facto superseded the WEU.
  2. ^Plans to establish aEuropean Political Community (EPC) were shelved following the French failure to ratify theTreaty establishing the European Defence Community (EDC). The EPC would have combined the ECSC and the EDC.
  3. ^TheEuropean Communities obtained common institutions and a sharedlegal personality (i.e. ability to e.g. sign treaties in their own right).
  4. ^The treaties of Maastricht and Rome form the EU'slegal basis, and are also referred to as theTreaty on European Union (TEU) and theTreaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU), respectively. They are amended by secondary treaties.
  5. ^Between the EU's founding in 1993 and consolidation in 2009, the union consisted ofthree pillars, the first of which were the European Communities. The other two pillars consisted of additional areas of cooperation that had been added to the EU's remit.
  6. ^The consolidation meant that the EU inherited the European Communities'legal personality and that thepillar system was abolished, resulting in the EU framework as such covering all policy areas. Executive/legislative power in each area was instead determined by adistribution of competencies betweenEU institutions andmember states. This distribution, as well as treaty provisions for policy areas in which unanimity is required andqualified majority voting is possible, reflects the depth of EU integration as well as the EU's partlysupranational and partlyintergovernmental nature.

References

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  1. ^"Treaty establishing the European Coal and Steel Community, ECSC Treaty | EUR-Lex".eur-lex.europa.eu. Retrieved22 December 2024.

External links

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