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Transportation in the San Francisco Bay Area

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

BART is a major provider of regional and transbay transit (seen here is a train approachingCivic Center/UN Plaza station)
Interstate 80 is a major urban freeway in the Bay Area (seen here inBerkeley, California, as theEastshore Freeway).

People in theSan Francisco Bay Area rely on a complex multimodaltransportation infrastructure consisting of roads,bridges, highways, rail, tunnels, airports,seaports, and bike and pedestrian paths. The development, maintenance, and operation of these different modes of transportation are overseen by various agencies, including the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), theAssociation of Bay Area Governments,San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency, and theMetropolitan Transportation Commission. These and other organizations collectively manage severalinterstate highways andstate routes, eight passenger rail networks, eight trans-bay bridges, transbay ferry service, local and transbaybus service, threeinternational airports, and an extensive network of roads, tunnels, and bike paths.

The Bay Area, especiallySan Francisco, are frequently listed as one of the best and most extensive cities and/or metropolitan areas in the United States for public transportation.[1][2] Local trips on transit are frequently accomplished by bus services. Different agencies serve different corners of the Bay Area, such asSamTrans serving mostlySan Mateo County andCounty Connection connecting the suburbs ofContra Costa County; though some bus agencies operate transbay services, such asGolden Gate Transit. While ferries also connect communities across the bay, most transbay and longer-distance trips on public transportation, however, use rail-based transit.Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) is the solerapid transit system within the bay and the dominant provider of regional transportation between San Francisco, northern San Mateo County, and much of the East Bay. The Bay Area is also home to variouscommuter rail services, such asSMART within Sonoma and Marin counties,Caltrain on theSan Francisco Peninsula,ACE betweenSan Jose andStockton, and variousAmtrak routes out ofOakland and San Jose. San Francisco is also the home of theworld's last manually-operated cable car system, and both San Francisco'sMuni and Santa Clara'sVTA operatelight rail networks to complement their bus services. With few exceptions, most public transit within the Bay Area can be paid for by using theClipper card.

Though not as extensive asSouthern California's freeways, the Bay Area is also home to an extensive network of highways. Four bridges traverse the San Francisco Bay itself, and four more traverse the northernSan Pablo Bay, in addition to more localized expressways such asUS 101 andInterstate 280 in the Peninsula, Interstates680 and880 in the East Bay, andInterstate 505 in the north. Many highways have tolled express lanes, paid for by usingFasTrak. Streets within the Bay Area vary from widerstroads such asEl Camino Real in the Peninsula, to denser slower streets within urban cores, to scenic routes likeCalifornia State Route 1. However, San Francisco has historically approached freeways with hostility, and activists have moved to stop the construction of new highways and tear down existing ones, most notably inciting the 1991 demolition of theEmbarcadero Freeway. The city today is seen as the birthplace ofAmerican highway revolts.[3]

Airports

[edit]
See also:List of airports in the San Francisco Bay Area
An aerial view ofSan Francisco International Airport at night.

The Bay Area has four airports served by commercial airlines, three of which are international airports. In addition to these airports, there are many general aviation airports in the region.

Airport transportation

[edit]

All major Bay Area airports are located near freeways and are served by public transportation, ride-share services, and various private shuttle bus operators.

Major airport/public transportation connections

[edit]

Public transportation

[edit]
Map of rail services in the Bay Area region

Public transportation in the San Francisco Bay Area is quite extensive, including onerapid transit system, threecommuter rail lines, twolight rail systems, two ferry systems,Amtrak inter-city rail services, and four major overlapping bus agencies, in addition to dozens of smaller ones. Most agencies accept theClipper Card, a reloadable universal electronic payment card.

An extensive rail infrastructure that provides a mix of services exists within the nine Bay Area counties.Bay Area Rapid Transit, commonly known as BART, providesrapid transit service betweenSan Francisco andContra Costa,Alameda,San Mateo, andSanta Clara counties.Caltrain, which runs on the right-of-way of the historicSouthern Pacific Railroad, provides commuter rail service on theSan Francisco Peninsula, linking the cities ofSan Francisco,San Jose,Gilroy, and numerous peninsula cities in between. TheMillbrae Intermodal Terminal provides transfers between Caltrain and BART. TheAltamont Corridor Express, commonly known as ACE, also provides commuter rail service, but from theCentral Valley intoSilicon Valley, terminating at San Jose'sDiridon Station. To the north,Sonoma–Marin Area Rail Transit (SMART) line provides commuter rail service inSonoma andMarin counties.

In addition,Amtrak has a presence throughout the Bay Area. There are two intercity services: theCapitol Corridor connects Bay Area cities toSacramento, and theSan Joaquins connects to cities across theSan Joaquin Valley. Additionally, there are two long-distance services, theCoast Starlight offers service toSeattle andLos Angeles whileCalifornia Zephyr runs toChicago viaDenver.

The Bay Area also has two light rail systems: one run bySan Francisco Municipal Railway calledMuni Metro, which operates within the city of San Francisco, and the other run by theSanta Clara Valley Transportation Authority, which operates withinSanta Clara County.

A series of overlapping bus agencies provide additional public transit coverage to Bay Area regions both served and not served by rail transit. The four largest agencies,Muni,AC Transit,SamTrans, andVTA operate within the City of San Francisco, East Bay, the Peninsula, and South Bay respectively, although their service areas generally overlap with neighboring agencies and numerous smaller agencies. All of these agencies also provide limitedlate night bus service, which are intended to "shadow" the rail routes that are closed during the nighttime hours for maintenance. In addition, the four bus agencies are each independently pursuing constructingbus rapid transit systems by developing separated right-of-ways and traffic signaling on busy corridors, including onGeary andVan Ness for Muni,El Camino Real for SamTrans and VTA, andInternational Boulevard for AC Transit.

Although BART and certain bus agencies provide travel over (or under) theSan Francisco Bay,Golden Gate Ferry andSan Francisco Bay Ferry provide ferry service across the bay.

Most systems allow bicycles onto their systems with no additional charge. In addition, Bay Area residents may rent bicycles from theBay Wheels bike share in certain parts of San Francisco, San Mateo, and Santa Clara counties.

Rapid transit

[edit]
AgencyTrain ExampleService AreaDaily ridership[a]Clipper Payment OptionRoutesStationsTrack LengthTrack Gauge
BARTBlue,Green,Orange,Red andYellow LinesSan Francisco,Alameda,Contra Costa,San Mateo andSanta Clara counties162,100Yes550131 mi (211 km)5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm)
broad gauge
eBARTEastern Contra Costa County4,600Yes1310.1 mi (16.3 km)4 ft 8+12 in (1,435 mm)standard gauge
Oakland Airport ConnectorOakland International Airport1,000Yes123.2 mi (5.1 km)

Commuter rail

[edit]
AgencyTrain ExampleService AreaDaily ridership[a]Clipper Payment OptionRoutesStationsTrack LengthTrack Gauge
ACESan Joaquin, Alameda and Santa Clara counties2,900No11086 mi (138 km)4 ft 8+12 in (1,435 mm)standard gauge
CaltrainSan Francisco, San Mateo and Santa Clara counties30,500Yes132
1 planned
77.4 mi (124.6 km)
SMARTMarin andSonoma counties3,500Yes114
2 planned
48 mi (77 km)

Long-distance and intercity rail

[edit]
AgencyTrain ExampleService AreaDaily ridership[9]Clipper Payment OptionRoutesStationsTrack LengthTrack Gauge
Amtrak CaliforniaCapitol CorridorSanta Clara, Alameda, Contra Costa,Yolo,Sacramento andPlacer counties2,500No117168 mi (270 km)4 ft 8+12 in (1,435 mm)standard gauge
San JoaquinsAlameda and Contra Costa counties in the Bay Area section of its route2,3001 to Bay Area
(2 total)
4 in the Bay Area
(16 total)
315 mi (507 km)
AmtrakCalifornia ZephyrAlameda and Contra Costa counties in the Bay Area section of its route90013 in the Bay Area
(33 total)
2,438 mi (3,924 km)
Coast StarlightAlameda, Contra Costa and Santa Clara counties in the Bay Area section of its route93013 in the Bay Area
(28 total)
1,377 mi (2,216 km)

Light rail

[edit]
AgencyTrain ExampleService AreaDaily ridership[a]Clipper Payment OptionRoutesStationsTrack LengthTrack Gauge
MuniMuni MetroSan Francisco96,000Yes633(+ 87 additional stops)34.6 mi (55.7 km)4 ft 8+12 in (1,435 mm)standard gauge
Heritage streetcars
(E Embarcadero1,F Market & Wharves)
2366 mi (9.7 km)
Cable cars14,900 (2019)[10]352 stops5.1 mi (8.2 km)3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm)
VTA light railSanta Clara County13,90036242.2 mi (67.9 km)4 ft 8+12 in (1,435 mm)standard gauge

1The E Embarcadero was suspended due to the COVID-19 pandemic and as of March 2024 has yet to resume.[11]

Bus services and stations

[edit]

TheTransbay Terminal serves as the terminus forGreyhound long-distance bus services and as a hub for regional bus systemsAC Transit (Alameda andContra Costa counties),WestCAT,SamTrans (San Mateo County), andGolden Gate Transit (Marin andSonoma counties).[12]

There are severalbus stations in the San Francisco Bay Area includingFairfield Transportation Center,Richmond Parkway Transit Center, Naglee Park and Ride,Hercules Transit Center,Curtola Park & Ride,Eastmont Transit Center,San Rafael Transit Center and many bus bays at BART stations.

Major bus agencies

[edit]
Agency NameBus ExampleService AreaDaily ridership[a]Clipper Payment OptionNumber of Routes
LocalRapid/
Limited
Express/
Commuter
ShuttleAll-Nighter
AC TransitEntire:Inner East Bay (western Alameda County and western Contra Costa County)
Parts of: San Francisco, San Mateo and Santa Clara counties
163,300Yes684296
SamTransEntire:San Mateo County
Parts of: San Francisco and Santa Clara counties
34,9003012
MuniEntire:San Francisco
Parts of:Marin and San Mateo counties
383,3004251610
VTAEntire:Santa Clara County
Parts of: San Mateo County
75,00054512121
Note: Some routes that operate as one route type may also be listed as another type (e.g. select daytime AC Transit, Muni, and VTA services also operate as All-Nighter routes)

Minor bus agencies

[edit]
Agency NameService AreaDaily ridership[a]Clipper Payment OptionLocal/
Basic
Routes
Rapid/
Limited
Routes
Express/
Commuter
Routes
Shuttle
Routes
All-Nighter
Routes
County ConnectionParts of: Contra Costa County (Concord,Martinez,Orinda,San Ramon,Walnut Creek) and Alameda County (Dublin/Pleasanton BART)10,300Yes3572
Dumbarton ExpressParts of: Alameda County (Fremont,Newark,Union City) and Santa Clara County (Palo Alto)Yes3Yes
Emery Go RoundEntire:Emeryville Connects with (MacArthur BART) inOaklandFree6
Fairfield and Suisun TransitParts of:Sacramento city, andContra Costa,Yolo, andSolano counties700Yes104
Golden Gate TransitParts of:San Francisco, andContra Costa County (El Cerrito,Richmond),Marin County, andSonoma County (Santa Rosa)4,600Yes20120
Healdsburg TransitEntire:HealdsburgNo11
Marin TransitEntire: Marin County9,900Yes147
Petaluma TransitEntire:PetalumaYes5
RidePalParts of: Alameda, Santa Clara, Contra Costa, San Francisco countiesYes – ID only25250
San Benito County TransitEntire:San Benito County
Parts of:Santa Clara County (Gilroy)
No62
San Leandro LINKSEntire:San LeandroFree1
Santa Cruz MetroEntire:Santa Cruz County
Parts of:Santa Clara County (San Jose)
15,800No3051
Santa Rosa CityBusEntire:Santa RosaYes18
SolTransParts of: San Francisco, and Contra Costa and Solano counties3,800Yes116
Sonoma County TransitEntire: Sonoma County
Parts of: Marin County (San Rafael)
Yes206
Stanford MargueriteEntire:Stanford University campus
Parts of: Santa Clara County (Palo Alto andMountain View), San Mateo County (Menlo Park), and Alameda County (Fremont andUnion City)
5,300Free7393
Tri Delta TransitEastern Contra Costa County (Antioch,Brentwood,Concord,Martinez,Pittsburg)4,300Yes1371
Union City TransitEntire:Union CityYes5
Vacaville City CoachEntire:Vacaville1,700Yes4
VINEEntire:Napa County
Parts of: Solano County (Vallejo)
1,700Yes1224
WestCATParts of: San Francisco and Contra Costa County4,944Yes104
WheelsParts of: Contra Costa County (San Ramon,Walnut Creek) and Alameda County (Dublin,Livermore,Pleasanton)4,900Yes7232
Note: Some of the agencies listed above may have primary operating zones outside of the Bay Area but serve at least portions of Bay Area regions.

Several other transit agencies (includingSan Benito Transit,Stanislaus Regional Transit Authority,San Joaquin RTD,Rio Vista Delta Breeze,Mendocino Transit, andSanta Cruz Metro) operate regional service from outside the Bay Area to transit stations in the Bay Area.

Private bus companies operate an additional 800 buses, often referred to as tech shuttles. If combined, private shuttles would be the 7th largest transportation provider in the Bay Area.[13]

Ferries

[edit]
Agency NameFerryExampleService AreaDaily ridership[a]Clipper Payment OptionRoutesTerminals
Golden Gate FerrySan Francisco andMarin County3,700Yes2
(+2 limited)
4
(+2 limited)
San Francisco Bay FerrySan Francisco,Alameda,Contra Costa,San Mateo, andSolano counties7,4006
(+3 limited)
10
(+2 limited)

There are also private ferries from Emeryville, Berkeley, and Richmond.

Bike and scooter sharing

[edit]
See also:Bay Wheels;Cycling in San Francisco; andCycling in San Jose, California
Abike share station inSan Jose.

Bay Wheels (launched as Bay Area Bike Share) is a regional publicbicycle sharing system that serves the cities ofSan Francisco,Oakland,Berkeley,Emeryville, andSan Jose.

The bicycles are available 24 hours a day, seven days a week to anyone who purchases a membership, with three options, annual fee ofUS$150,US$29 for a month orUS$15 for 24 hours.[14] Any rider may take unlimited trips of up to 30 minutes, as measured from the time the bike is withdrawn from a dock to the time it is returned. Bikes can be picked up at any of the stations using a key fob or electronic code, and dropping them off at any station. Longer trips incur additional fees starting atUS$4 for the first additional half-hour, since the idea of bike sharing is to make bicycles available for short trips.[15] A replacement fee of $1,200 is charged if a rented bike is lost.[15]

Several companies previously operateddockless bicycle sharing systems in the Bay Area,[16][17] however, as of 2024 only Bay Wheels operates dockless bicycles in most of the Bay Area (with some exceptions such as HOPR inFremont).[18] Dockless systems differ from the docked in that bicycles can be parked freely on the street and do not need to be docked at a designated station.

In 2018, several companies started offering docklessscooter-sharing systems in Bay Area cities such as San Francisco and Oakland.[19][20] These systems offer electric kick scooters for rent, similar to dockless bicycle sharing systems. Some operators, such as Lime, operate both scooter and bicycle sharing systems. These shared scooters were temporarily banned in San Francisco during summer 2018, but as of October 15, 2018[update] are available under two operators:Skip andScoot Networks.[21]

Public transportation statistics

[edit]

The average amount of time people spend commuting with public transit in San Francisco, for example to and from work, on a weekday is 77 min. 23% of public transit riders, ride for more than 2 hours every day. The average amount of time people wait at a stop or station for public transit is 13 min, while 17% of riders wait for over 20 minutes on average every day. The average distance people usually ride in a single trip with public transit is 9.1 km, while 20% travel for over 12 km in a single direction.[22]

A 2011Brookings Institution study ranked theSan Francisco MSA and theSan Jose MSA sixteenth[23] and second,[24] respectively, on transit coverage to job access. Another nationwide study, conducted by theUniversity of Minnesota in 2014, ranked the San Francisco MSA second and San Jose MSA tenth.[25] In 2012 it was the joint winner of theSustainable Transport Award. Despite this, the San Francisco Bay Area remains the second most traffic-congested region in the country with a declining per capita use of public transit.[citation needed]

In 2013, the San Francisco-Oakland-Hayward metropolitan statistical area (San Francisco MSA) had the second lowest percentage of workers who commuted by private automobile (69.8 percent), with 7.6 percent of area workers traveling via bus. During the period starting in 2006 and ending in 2013, the San Francisco MSA had the greatest percentage decline of workers commuting by automobile (3.8 percent) among MSAs with more than a half million residents.[26]

Freeways and highways

[edit]
Freeways and highways in the San Francisco Bay Area

The Bay Area possesses an extensive freeway and highway system (although it is not as extensive asSouthern California).

Trans-bay crossings

[edit]
Interstate 80
San Francisco – Oakland Bay Bridge
The western terminus of I-80 is located in San Francisco as James Lick Skyway (Bayshore Freeway), just west of theSan Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge. The interstate continues to the east over the bridge, connecting to Oakland and the north coast of the East Bay as the Eastshore Freeway, and then on toSacramento,Reno, andNew Jersey.
Interstate 580
Richmond – San Rafael Bridge
This spur route's western terminus is inMarin County. The Interstate crosses the San Pablo Bay over theRichmond-San Rafael Bridge, goes through Richmond as the John T. Knox Freeway, passes through Oakland as the MacArthur Freeway, then continues toLivermore, through theAltamont Pass toTracy, where it intersects withInterstate 5, thus providing a link withSouthern California.
Route 92
San Mateo – Hayward Bridge
SR 92's western terminus is inHalf Moon Bay. The two-lane highway crosses theSanta Cruz Mountains, connecting to Interstate 280 and U.S. Route 101 as the J. Arthur Younger Freeway, becoming a freeway as it passes throughSan Mateo before crossing theSan Mateo-Hayward Bridge toHayward as Jackson Street.
Route 84
Dumbarton Bridge
SR 84 begins atRoute 1 (at the Pacific Coast) nearSan Gregorio State Beach, and crosses theSanta Cruz Mountains on a scenic route betweenLa Honda andWoodside as Woodside Road. It then crosses the Bay over theDumbarton Bridge fromRedwood City toNewark. The route then passes throughFremont as Thornton Avenue and Peralta Boulevard, continuing asNiles Canyon Road toSunol and Livermore as Vallecitos Road and Isabel Avenue, terminating atInterstate 580 as Airway Boulevard.

The Peninsula to the South Bay

[edit]
Interstate 280
Southern, Junipero Serra, & Sinclair Freeways
Highway 101
Bayshore & South Valley Freeways
Eight-lane and, in some parts, 10-lane freeways connecting San Francisco to San Jose through the Peninsula. Highway 101 continues south toGilroy andSalinas, before continuing toLos Angeles. For most of its route I-280 runs along the foothills of the Santa Cruz Mountains, and is very scenic, while 101 is highly urban.
Route 1
Cabrillo Highway
Route 35
Skyline Boulevard
Two-lane highways also traveling down the Peninsula, SR 1 along the Pacific coast, and SR 35 near the ridge of theSanta Cruz Mountains. SR 1 as Cabrillo Highway connects to Half Moon Bay,Santa Cruz, andMonterey, before continuing to Los Angeles.
Route 9
Route 17
Highways through the Santa Cruz Mountains, connecting the South Bay to Santa Cruz. Part of SR 17 in San Jose is a 6 to 8 lane freeway.
Route 85
West Valley Freeway
Route 237
Southbay Freeway
Six-lane and, in some parts, seven to eight-lane freeways connecting the west Santa Clara Valley to the east Santa Clara Valley, bypassingDowntown San Jose.
Route 87
Guadalupe Freeway
North-south six-lane freeway entirely in San Jose, connectingSan Jose International Airport, Downtown to theAlmaden Valley. (formerly the Guadalupe Parkway)
Route 152Two-lane highway fromWatsonville, crosses the Santa Cruz Mountains to Gilroy, then crosses theDiablo Range throughPacheco Pass to I-5 nearLos Banos.
Route 156Two-lane highway connecting theMonterey Peninsula fromCastroville to northernSan Benito County andRoute 152.
Route 82
El Camino Real
Highway running from San Jose to Interstate 280 in San Francisco. It is designated a State Route, although it is more similar to an inner-city boulevard, and contains either 2, 4, or 6 lanes. It runs fromDaly City in the north through the Peninsula and beyond.

The freeway system in Santa Clara county is augmented by theSanta Clara County expressway system.

North Bay

[edit]
Highway 101
Redwood Highway
Route 1
Shoreline Highway
Continue north of San Francisco, crossing theGolden Gate Bridge and connecting San Francisco to Marin and Sonoma counties, and eventually toOregon. They are concurrent between the Golden Gate Bridge andMarin City.
Interstate 505This interstate highway provides a direct link from Interstate 80 inVacaville in Solano County to I-5, bypassing Sacramento.
Route 29Four-lane expressway connecting Interstate 80 in Vallejo in Solano County as Sonoma Boulevard to the towns ofAmerican Canyon andNapa. North of Napa, SR 29 is a two-lane rural highway through the towns of the Napa Valley, California'sWine Country, toClear Lake.
Route 37Four- and two-lane expressway connecting US 101 inNovato with Interstate 80 in Vallejo, along the northern shore of San Pablo Bay.
Route 12
Sonoma Highway
A highway connecting Santa Rosa with suburbs to the west and Interstate 80 through Sonoma and Napa to the east.

East Bay

[edit]
Interstate 680
Sinclair Freeway
Interstate 880
Nimitz Freeway
Two interstate highways that travel up the East Bay from San Jose, 880 close to the bay to Oakland and 680 inland from San Jose north through Fremont,Pleasanton andConcord; then crosses theBenicia-Martinez Bridge and ends atInterstate 80 inFairfield.
Interstate 980
Grover Shafter Freeway
Route 24
Grover Shafter Freeway
A freeway entirely inDowntown Oakland and begins atInterstate 880 and travels north to becomeRoute 24 atInterstate 580. The freeway continues north as SR 24, which is a state highway that begins atInterstate 580 in Oakland and travels east through theCaldecott Tunnel toInterstate 680 inWalnut Creek.
Interstate 205This interstate highway's western terminus is at Interstate 580 in Alameda County just west of theSan Joaquin County line. I-205 heads east throughTracy to I-5, providing access from the Bay Area toStockton and the northernSan Joaquin Valley.
Route 13
Warren Freeway
A highway entirely in the Oakland Hills and travels north fromInterstate 580 toRoute 24, where the freeway portion ends. Beyond SR 24, SR 13 is Berkeley's Ashby Avenue.
Interstate 238
Route 238
Mission Boulevard
Anarterial from Fremont to Hayward, along the base of the hills, then becomes a freeway near Oakland.
Route 4
John Muir Parkway
California Delta Highway
Western terminus atInterstate 80 inHercules, travels east throughMartinez,Pittsburg, andAntioch, where the freeway portion ends. The highway continues toBrentwood and east to Stockton.

Named interchanges

[edit]

TheAlemany Maze is theinterchange between theJames Lick Freeway (US 101) andI-280.

TheMacArthur Maze is the interchange between theEastshore Freeway (I-80 east /I-580 west),Nimitz Freeway (I-880 south), andMacArthur Freeway (I-580 east) at the east end of theBay Bridge (I-80 west).

TheJoe Colla Interchange is the interchange betweenUS 101,I-280, andI-680. Both I-280 and I-680's southern termini is located as this interchange.[27]

San Francisco streets

[edit]
Market Street, the main thoroughfare in San Francisco, as seen fromTwin Peaks.
Main article:List of streets in San Francisco

Due to its unique geography, and thefreeway revolts of the late 1950s,[28] San Francisco is one of the few American cities served primarily byarterial roads for most trips within city limits, rather than a freeway network supplemented by arterial roads.[citation needed]

Interstate 80 begins at the approach to theBay Bridge and is the only direct automobile link to the East Bay.U.S. Route 101 connects to the western terminus of Interstate 80 and provides access to the south of the city along San Francisco Bay towardSilicon Valley. Northward, the routing for U.S. 101 uses arterial streetsMission Street (northbound) and South Van Ness Avenue (southbound),Van Ness Avenue,Lombard Street,Richardson Avenue, and Doyle Drive to connect to theGolden Gate Bridge, the only direct automobile link toMarin County and the North Bay.[citation needed]

Van Ness Avenue nearSan Francisco City Hall in 2024

State Route 1 also enters San Francisco from the north via the Golden Gate Bridge, but turns south away from the routing of U.S. 101, first onto Park Presidio Blvd through Golden Gate Park, and then bisecting the west side of the city as the19th Avenue arterial thoroughfare, joining withInterstate 280 at the city's southern border. Interstate 280 continues south from San Francisco. Interstate 280 also turns to the east along the southern edge of the city, terminating just south of the Bay Bridge in theSouth of Market neighborhood. After the1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, city leaders decided to demolish theEmbarcadero Freeway, and a portion of theCentral Freeway, converting them into street-level boulevards.[28]

State Route 35 enters the city from the south asSkyline Boulevard, following city streets until it terminates at its intersection with Highway 1.State Route 82 enters San Francisco from the south asMission Street, following the path of the historicEl Camino Real and terminating shortly thereafter at its junction with 280. Major east–west thoroughfares includeGeary Boulevard, theLincoln Way/Fell Street corridor, andMarket Street/Portola Drive.[citation needed]

The Western Terminus of the historic transcontinentalLincoln Highway, the first road across America, is in San Francisco'sLincoln Park.[citation needed]

Highway revolts

[edit]
Main article:Highway revolts in the United States § California

San Francisco is the birthplace of highway revolts in the United States, and highways have historically been approached with hostility by locals across the Bay Area. Protests have occurred against highways as early as 1955, and these protests eventually cancelled the construction of additional highways throughGolden Gate Park and thePresidio, and further led to the demolishing of theEmbarcadero Freeway in the early 1990s.[3][29] Protests additionally occurred throughout the East Bay, cancelling projects such as the Ashby Freeway throughBerkeley and the Richmond Boulevard Freeway in Oakland.[30][31]

Bridges

[edit]
1.Richmond-San Rafael Bridge
2.Golden Gate Bridge
3.San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge
4.San Mateo-Hayward Bridge
5.Dumbarton Bridge
6.Carquinez Bridge
7.Benicia–Martinez Bridge
8.Antioch Bridge
Arrows show toll direction and plazas

Due to the central location of theSan Francisco Bay Area, eighttoll bridges cross the Bay or Bay tributaries. Each of the bridges collect separate tolls, and all of them accept payment throughFasTrak, anelectronic toll collection system used in the state ofCalifornia. Seven of these eight bridges are owned directly by the state of California, while theGolden Gate Bridge is owned and operated by theGolden Gate Bridge, Highway and Transportation District.[32]

Bridge NamePictureConnectsLengthHighway
Antioch BridgeAntioch inContra Costa County withSacramento County1.8 mi (2.9 km)SR 160
Benicia-Martinez BridgeSolano County with Contra Costa County1.7 mi (2.7 km)I-680
Carquinez BridgeVallejo in Solano County withCrockett in Contra Costa County0.66 mi (1.06 km)I-80
Dumbarton BridgeMenlo Park inSan Mateo County withFremont inAlameda County1.63 mi (2.62 km)SR 84
Golden Gate BridgeSan Francisco withMarin County1.7 mi (2.7 km)US 101,SR 1
Richmond-San Rafael BridgeRichmond in Contra Costa County withSan Rafael in Marin County5.5 mi (8.9 km)I-580
San Francisco–Oakland Bay BridgeSan Francisco withOakland and theEast Bay4.46 mi (7.18 km)I-80
San Mateo-Hayward BridgeSan Francisco Peninsula with the East Bay7 mi (11 km)SR 92

San Francisco Bay Trail

[edit]
Main article:San Francisco Bay Trail
The San Francisco Bay Trail alignment.

The San Francisco Bay Trail is a bicycle and pedestrian trail that will eventually allow continuous travel around the shoreline of San Francisco Bay. As of 2016, 350 miles (560 km) of trail have been completed, while the full plan calls for a trail over 500 miles (800 km) long that link the shoreline of nine counties, passing through 47 cities and crossing seven toll bridges. Sections of the Bay Trail exist in all nine Bay Area counties. The longest continuous segments include 26 miles (42 km) primarily on gravel levees betweenEast Palo Alto andSan Jose inSanta Clara County; 25 miles (40 km) inSan Mateo County betweenMillbrae andSan Carlos; 17 miles (27 km) in centralAlameda County fromSan Leandro toHayward; and 15 miles (24 km) along the shoreline and on city streets throughRichmond inContra Costa County. The northernmost trail section passes throughSan Pablo Bay National Wildlife Refuge.

Seaports

[edit]
See also:Piers in San Francisco
Aerial view of thePort of Oakland

ThePort of San Francisco was once the largest and busiest seaport on the West Coast. It featured rows ofpiers perpendicular to the shore, where cargo from the moored ships was handled by cranes and manual labor and transported to nearby warehouses. The port handled cargo to and from trans-Pacific and Atlantic destinations, and was the West Coast center of thelumber trade. The1934 West Coast Longshore Strike, an important episode in the history of theAmerican labor movement, brought most ports to a standstill. The advent ofcontainer shipping made pier-based ports obsolete, and most commercial berths moved to thePort of Oakland andPort of Richmond. A few active berths specializing inbreak bulk cargo remain alongside theIslais Creek Channel.[citation needed]

The port currently usesPier 35 to handle the 60–80cruise ship calls and 200,000 passengers that come toSan Francisco.[33] Itineraries from San Francisco usually include round trip cruises toAlaska andMexico. The James R. Herman Cruise Terminal Project atPier 27 opened in 2014 as a replacement. The previous primary terminal at Pier 35 had neither the sufficient capacity to allow for the increasing length and passenger capacity of new cruise ships nor the amenities needed for an international cruise terminal.[34]

On March 16, 2013,Princess CruisesGrand Princess became the first ship to home port in San Francisco year round. The ship offers cruises to Alaska, California Coasts,Hawaii, and Mexico. Grand Princess will be stationed in San Francisco until April 2014. Princess will also operate other ships during the summer of 2014, making it the only cruise line home porting year round in San Francisco.[35]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^abcdefweekdays, Q1 2025[8]

References

[edit]
  1. ^Balevic, Danielle Muoio, Katie."Here are the 9 North American cities with the best public transit systems".Business Insider. RetrievedFebruary 13, 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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External links

[edit]
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