Transportation in Malaysia started to develop during British colonial rule, and the country's transport network is now diverse and developed. Malaysia's road network is extensive, covering 290,099.38 kilometres, including 2,016.05 km of expressways (in 2021). The main highway of the country extends over 800 km, reaching the Thai border from Singapore.Peninsular Malaysia has an extensive road network, whilst the road system inEast Malaysia is not as well-developed. The mainmodes of transport in Peninsular Malaysia includebuses,trains,cars and to an extent, commercial travel onairplanes.
Malaysia has six international airports, and twocontainer ports ranked among the top 20 busiest in the world. The official airline of Malaysia isMalaysia Airlines, providing international and domestic air service alongside two other carriers. Most of the major cities are connected by air routes. The railway system is state-run, and covers a total of 1,849 km. Popular within the cities arecommuter rail andrapid transit, which reduces the traffic load on other systems, and is considered safe, comfortable and reliable.
Malaysia's road network covers 290,099.38 kilometres (180,259 mi), of which 288,083.33 kilometres (179,006.68 mi) is paved/unpaved roads, and2,016.05 kilometres (1,252.72 mi) is expressways.[1] The longest highway of the country, theNorth–South Expressway, extends over 800 kilometres (500 mi) between the Thai border and Singapore. The Second longest highway is East-Coast Highway (LPT-E8) Spanning almost 500 km from Kuala Lumpur to state capital of Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu. The road systems in Sabah and Sarawak are less developed and of lower quality in comparison to that ofPeninsular Malaysia.[2] Recently, the construction ofPan-Borneo Highway is approved under 2015 Malaysian Budget.[3] The highway project spans 1,663 km (936 km in Sarawak, 727 km in Sabah) mostly mirror the existing trunk road, and it involves the widening of the present three-metre-wide single-carriageway into a dual-carriageway.[4][5]Driving on the left has been compulsory since the introduction of motor vehicles inFederated Malay States in 1903 duringBritish colonial era.[6] It is estimated that 9,432,023passenger cars are actively using this road network in 2018.[7][8]
The railway system is state-run, and covers a total of 1,849 kilometres (1,149 mi). Most of the railway lines are consisted of ballasted setup, along withconcrete sleepers, which serves better in wet and humid tropical condition, compared to wooden sleepers which can rot over time. As early as 1980s, due to the need for local suppliers of such products, a few localMalaysian rail manufacturing companies had been formed by collaboration with foreign technology partners.[9][10]
1,792 kilometres (1,113 mi) of it ismetre gauge, while 199.5 kilometres (124 mi) is standard gauge. Seven hundred and sixty-seven kilometres of metre gauge tracks and all of the standard gauge tracks are electrified.[11] Intra-city travel is through relatively inexpensiverapid transit systems.Commuter rail andelectric train service are available for most major onlyKuala Lumpur and its neighbouring states, development of such efficient transportation have not been made in other states that really needs them.[12] Malaysia already approved its firstKuala Lumpur–Singapore High Speed Rail project spanning 375 km between Kuala Lumpur and Singapore.[13] This rapid development had spurred growth of local Malaysian rail service Companies which cater to these niche needs.
Malaysia has 62 airports, of which 38 are paved.Malaysia Airlines, as the national carrier, offers extensive international and domestic routes. Major international routes and domestic routes crossing betweenWest Malaysia andEast Malaysia are served byMalaysia Airlines,AirAsia, Firefly, andBatik Air Malaysia while smaller domestic and regional routes are supplemented by smaller airlines likeMASwings,Firefly andSKS Airways. Cargo airlines such asMASkargo, Teleport,World Cargo Airlines, Kargo Xpress, andRaya Airways play a crucial role in enhancing connectivity between West and East Malaysia and Malaysia to the world.
Kuala Lumpur International Airport is the primary and busiest airport in Malaysia. In 2018, it was the world's12th-busiest airport by international passenger traffic, recording over 43.5 million international passenger traffic. Other major airports includeKota Kinabalu International Airport, which is also Malaysia's second-busiest airport and busiest airport inEast Malaysia with over 8.6 million passengers in 2018, andPenang International Airport, which serves Malaysia's second-largest urban area, with over 7.99 million passengers in 2018.
total: 38
over 3,047 m: 5
2,438 to 3,047 m: 7
1,524 to 2,437 m: 10
914 to 1,523 m: 9
under 914 m: 7 (2004 est.)
2 (2006 est.)
National airline:
Other airline:
Malaysia has 7,200 kilometres (4,474 mi) of waterways,[11] most of them rivers. Of this, 3,200 kilometres (2,000 mi) are in Peninsular Malaysia, 1,500 kilometres (930 mi) are in Sabah, and 2,500 kilometres (1,600 mi) are in Sarawak.[11]
Malaysia is strategically located on theStrait of Malacca, one of the most important shipping lanes in the world. Malaysia has two ports that are listed in the top 20 busiest ports in the world,Port Klang andPort of Tanjung Pelepas, which are, respectively, the second- and third-busiest ports inSoutheast Asia after thePort of Singapore. Port Klang is Malaysia's busiest port, and thethirteenth-busiest port in the world in 2013, handling over 10.3 millionTEUs. Port of Tanjung Pelepas (PTP) is Malaysia's second-busiest port and the largesttransshipment hub, and the15th busiest port in the world in 2023, handling over 11 million TEUs.[14] PTP is also the most efficient port in Malaysia and ranked fifth in the world.[15]
This is a list of Malaysian ports and harbours:
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Pulau Pinang
Kedah
Perak
Terengganu
Labuan
Sabah
SarawakSabah
KelantanTotal: 360 ships (1,000 GT or over) 5,389,397 GT/7,539,178 tonnesdeadweight (DWT)by type: bulk 59, cargo 100, chemical tanker 38, container 66, liquefied gas 25, livestock carrier 1, passenger 2, petroleum tanker 56, roll on/roll off 5, vehicle carrier 8
Foreign-owned: China 1, Germany 2, Hong Kong 8, Indonesia 2, Japan 2, South Korea 1, Liberia 1, Monaco 1, Norway 1, Philippines 2, Singapore 81, Vietnam 1
registered in other countries: 75 (2009 est.)
Malaysia has 3 kilometres (2 mi) of condensate pipeline, 1,965 kilometres (1,221 mi) of gas pipeline, 31 kilometres (19 mi) of oil pipeline, and 114 kilometres (71 mi) of refined products pipelines.[11]
Regulation:
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