Transbaikal,Trans-Baikal,Transbaikalia (Russian:Забайка́лье,romanized:Zabaykal'ye,IPA:[zəbɐjˈkalʲjɪ]), orDauria (Даурия,Dauriya) is a mountainous region to the east of or "beyond" (trans-)Lake Baikal at the south side of theeastern Siberia and the south-western corner of theFar Eastern Russia.
The steppe and wetland landscapes of Dauria are protected by theDaursky Nature Reserve, which forms part of aWorld Heritage Site named "Landscapes of Dauria".
Dauria stretches for almost 1,000 km from north to south from thePatom Plateau andNorth Baikal Highlands to the Russian state borders withMongolia and China. The Transbaikal region covers more than 1,000 km from west to east from Lake Baikal to themeridian of the confluence of theShilka andArgun Rivers. To the west and north lies theIrkutsk Oblast; to the north theRepublic of Sakha (Yakutia), to the east theAmur Oblast.Oktyabrsky (Октябрьский) village,Amur Oblast, near the Russia-China border is a large site of uranium mining and processing facilities.[1]
Part of the area is protected by theDauria Nature Reserve.[2]
The region has given its name to various animal species includingDaurian hedgehog, and the following birds:Asian brown flycatcher (Muscicapa daurica),Daurian jackdaw,Daurian partridge,Daurian redstart,Daurian starling,Daurian shrike and thered-rumped swallow (Hirundo daurica). TheMongolian wild ass (Equus hemionus hemionus) is extinct in the region.
The common name of the famousDahurian larch (Larix gmelinii) as well as that of theDahurian buckthorn (Rhamnus davurica) are also derived from the same source.
The ancient proto-Mongolslab-grave culture occupied the area aroundLake Baikal in the Transbaikal territory.[3]
In 1667,Gantimur opened Transbaikalia and the country on theAmur River to the influence of theTsardom of Russia.[citation needed]
InImperial Russia, Dauria itself became anoblast - theTransbaikal Oblast (Russian:Забайкальская область), established in 1851, with its capital atNerchinsk, later atChita. It became part of the short-livedFar Eastern Republic between 1920 and 1922.
As of 2020[update], the administration of the historic Transbaikalia includesBuryatia and theZabaykalsky Krai; the area makes up nearly all of the territory of these twofederal subjects.
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